Engineering Mathematics Volunne 2 DIEGO INOCENCIO TAPANG GILLESANIA Gul Engineer BSCE, LIT ~ Magne Cura Laude sth Plice, PICE National Students’ Quiz, Awardee, Most Outstanding Student, 1989 3rd Place, CE Board November 1989 Review Director & Reviewer in all Subjects Gillesania Engineering Review Center Reviewer in Mathematics and General Engineering Ssiences MERIT Philippines Review, Manila Author of Various Engineering Booksto my mother iiuminade, my wife imeida, and my children kim deunice, ken dainiel, and karla denise Engineering Tableof ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 Contents Table of Contents Part 1: Deen! oe Limits L Hospital's Rule. Gillesunia’s Principle on Limits, Diiferentiation Formules ‘Algebraic Function Logarithmic and Exponential Furctors. ‘Trigonometric Functions é Inverse Trigonometric Functions : ere Hyperbolic Functions. Inverse Hyperbolic Functions ‘ Slope of the Curve ee Rate of Change. Curvature and Hadius of Curvature Circle of Curvature oven z Graph ofa Function Points of Infleation. fa Applications of Maxima and Minime. rm ‘ Vatiabie Relationships for Maximum o: Minimum Values Time Rates, hase Basic Time Rates.vcnene i PROBLEMS Set - Limits, Differentiation, Set2 = Maxima & Minima, Tim ie af Change Seelat2) Rates Rl ai Part 2: Integral Calculu Intogration Formulas hee “Algebraic, Exponential, and Logerithmic Functions. ‘Trigonomettic Functor Inverse Trigorometric Functions. Hyperbolic Functions Other Functions Integration by Parts Substitution... Wallis’ Formula‘Table of Engineering TI contents Mathematics Vol.2 Plans Area = ee arena slog Vertes! Strip : a ec Using Hosizonel Sip 3 eee otes By Polar Coordinates. : 65 Are of Some Polar Curves ‘ Umpth of Are Doo Cenleoal ptane Areas as Using Horizonial Scip : eee a7 Using Vertical Stipa o Gortroid of Parabole Segment and Spardel. eae Momsen of neti of Plane Areas (Fist Moment of Arca) 7 Polar Moment of Inertia... meant iB Product of Inertia son eens 8 Mass Moment of Inertia Corinne Properties of Commen Shapes eli i a) Solis of ReVOLUION sav a Poe eea Volume Using Circular Disk srcssnsnannn fe a Volume Using Hallow Cylindrical Shell 7 Surface Area. rae ih te 73 Volume of Other Solids with Known Cross Sections... Centroid of Volume Centzoid of Common Solids... Work Constant Farce, ‘Work Under Varlable Force. Work to Stretcha Spring ‘ Work in Winding Up a Load PROBLEMS Set 3 - Integration a Set4—Plane Areas, Volumes, Surfaces, Conttoid, Ete smn 94 Part 3: Differential Equation 119 Definitions ni as 119 Variable Separable EN To) Differwstial Equation of type dy/dx = fs) 119 Differential Equation of type dy/dx =fly) 120 Differential Equation of type dys = fa) 0) ‘ neat Differential Equation of type dO/adt = kQ. 220 Homogeneous First Ocder Differential Equation, sete a Linear First Order Difierential Equation. psa anne: Lineat Second Orsler Diferential Equation... ned Engineering Table of yyy ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 Contents Exact Differential Equetion Bernoulli's Equation... Finding the Differential Equation from a General Solution Some Applications of Differential Equation. Population Growth. Exponential Growth and Devay Cooling and Heating Problems. Flow Problems Continuous Compound Interest Motion Problems. PROBLEMS: Set 5 - Differ al Equation ancl Application. Part 4: Engineering Mechanics «v0 Definitions = Online of Engineering Methotie Sins ie eee Hesutant of Force System. Resultant of Two Cancurent Coplana Fores. : apallgt oe Tuo or ove Concurrent Corian Forces asalint & Covcurer roreeers are Resultant Of Parallel Frees ecenmrarasecie Equilibrium of Forces. Ginaral Conditions Equiibrki of Two oF More Concustent Forces ion gull af Tiree Coplanar ors Parabolic Cables : Cables under Concontrated Loads Friction. Properties of Secion Centroid of Plane Area. Center of Gravity of Fat Plates Geniroid of Composite Figares.. Moment of inenio. : Polar Moment of Inertia cree Radius of Gyravion safer Formula fr Moment of IMertB nnn ‘Moment of inemi with Respect to uclined Axi Moke’ Circle for Moment of inertia...Table of Engineering TV contents Mathematics Vol. 2 Dytaniles., ranches of Dynamics, Kinematics... Translation .. Restilinear Translation Uniform Motion. Variable Acceleration... Free-Falling Body. Curvilinear Translation... ‘Motion Curves Rotation... Uniform Motion Uniform Acceleration. Kelationship between Translation and Rotation, Kinet ana esc Newton's Laws of Motion... D Alemborts Principle Centrifugal Force Conical Penduium Banking of Curves Ideal Angle of Banking... Horizontal Rotating Platform. Work and Energy nssunuin Impulse and Momentum ssi Law of Conservation of Momentum Coelficiont of Restitution. PROBLEMS Sot 6 - Translation and Rotation Sct 7 — Kinetics, Work, Eneigy, Monetary, Bt. Part 5: Strength of Materials. SimpleStress| Normal Sze. Shearing Stres Bearing Stes. Thin-Walled Pressure essels. Thin-Wolled Cylindrical Voss Spherical Shell rns ‘Thick-Welled Cylinder Simple Stain 3 Stress-Strain Diagram + ‘Table of Engineering Mathematics Vol, 2 contents V sformetion. sonid ‘Axial Deformeti a Shearing Defortration., Poisson's Ratio x. Biaxial Deformation. Triaxial Deformation ‘Therinal Stress Torsion. A “Torsional Shearing Stress. Angle of Twist Power Transmitted by the Shafi Torsion on thir-Walled Tubes. Helical Springs.sn.nn ‘A.M, Wabl Formula. Springs in Series cayenne Springs in Parallel cs Shear and Moment in Beams Statically Determinate Beams... Statically Indeterminate Beams, Shear and Moment Diagrams... Felationship between Load, Shear, and Moment. Properties of Shear and Moment Oi gram§ Strasses in Bears a ee Radios of Curvature Hexure Formula. Shearing Stress Formule, Superimposed Beams... pacing of Rivets or Bolt in B Economie Sectlons ov Combined Stresses... Combined Axial ard Flexure. Kern of Section, Combined Axial ard Shearing Stress Stresses on an inclined Plane... Migh's Circle. Combined Torsional and Flexural Stress. PROBLEMS. j Set8 - Stross, Strain, Torsion, Shear te Moment, FtcCe ss f Table of Engineering papacecing Table of yyy VE contents Mathematics Vol. 2 Mathematics Vol. 2 Seeernty | - ; : Tues Part 6: Fluid Mechanics Oneeand Ta = Properties of Fluids Unsteady Flow... satan ee eee Unit Weight Wate ninsenninninnnaines m0 Moss Density Hyérodynamicn. 2 Density of Gases. Diag Force... Specitic Volume PROBLEMS se Specific Gravity Set Fuld Mechanics... Viscosity. Surface Tensk ce rene idea Droplet of Liquid ae os 258 Part 7; Engineering Economics apillarty 2 : Bull Modul of Hart : ee eo ae Pete te Slot aie SOOM reg Simple Interest en Chatle’s Law ene 260 Ordiaryand sat Simple interes Pressure Disturbances «0000 erersieyneeeunsnpret 260, RTT EARS eae Continuous Compounding Nominal and Bfiective Rates of Interest. Equivalent Nominal Rates. Anmuity. soins Types of Arnuity Ordinary Annuity Beferted Annuity oon: Annuity Due. Perpetuity. Uniform Gradient Arithmetic Gradient... Geometric Gradient 5 Capitetized Cost and Annual Cost... Cost Comparison of Different Alternatives Depres Methods of Computing Depreciation, Straight line Method... Sinking Fund Method, San of the Years’ Digit Method Declining Balance Method. ‘Double Declining Balance Method Capital Recovery (Depletion). 2 Unit Presta Veriations in Pressure. Pressure below Layers of Different Liquids Total hydrostatic Pressure Total Hydrostatic Pressure on Plane Succes. Total Hydrostatic Pressure on Curved Surfaces. Buoyancy. soca Relative Equilibrium of Liquids... Horizontal Motion Indlined Metion Vertical Motion... Rotation, Fluid Flaw and Pipes Flow Rate Continuity Equa Reynolds Number Energy Eouation, Rerouli’s Energy Theorem... Head Lost in Pipe Flow. Darey-Weisbach Formula Manning's Formula Hazen William's Forma Minor Head Lost Pipes in Series Pipes in Parallel, Equivalent Pipes 262Engineering Mathematics Vol, 2 Set 10 - Simple and Compound Interest... Set 11 - Compound Interest, Annuity. oe Sel 12 - Depreciation, Capitalized Cost. Bonds, Ftc Part PROBLEMS Set 13 ~ Algebra, Trigonometry, Geometry Set 14 ~ Calculus, Physies, Mechanics, Economies Sot 15 ~ Miscellaneous Problems, Set 16 ~ Miscellaneous Problems. ements and Miscellaneous Problems.. a7 Engineering Part 1 fie ics Vol. 2. Differential Caleukas Part 1 DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS Limits Theorems on 1. LE ffs) = ,0 constant then lim fx) = Limits 2) Let tim (fla) =Aand im, (3) = B, then; 2 lim Kk fl) = kA, k being constant. 3 tO) # ge] = Hin JG) = tim gts) = AB 4. lm (9) g@] = Lim @) tie g) =AB. fey MLO OW sens Se tim fF) = xfim 7G) = VA, provided VA is ‘a real number. Li Hospital's Rule fais a number, if fx) and g(x) are differentiable and (indeterminate 1g(x) + 0 forall x on some interval 0 < |2 a) <¢ and type 0/0) if Tim fis) = 0 and lim g(x) = 0, then, when (2), om 8G im LG) sg) Gillesania’s To evaluate the lim f(x), substitute for xa value that Principle for Limits 5 very close tow then usea calculator.2 Parez Engineering Differential Calculus Mathematics Vol. 2 Thatis) For x 2, substitute For x ->-5, substitute x = 49999 or -5.0001 For x +0, substitute x = 0.00001 For x -> «, substitute x ~ 99999 0001 Consider the following examples ow 8 Substitute x 2.9999 (2.9999)* -81 107.99 = 108 (2.5599) =3 Ex.2: Lim G = 0.49999 = 0.5 Ex.3 oon Substitute x= ‘cot(0,0001) oi[2(0.0001; Bed: lim £2 3 sin?x Substitute x Note: set your calculator to radian mode 0.0001)! sin? (0.0001) - (0.0001) 025 Engineering ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 DIFFERENTIATION FORMULAS In the following formulas i, v, and tw are differentiable functions of x and. and n are constants Algebraic Functions Dilferential C Logarithmic & Exponential Functions a 3, tog, 1s d 10.5 login) * loge Au) ak (a!) = atingPart 1 4 pifecenviaicateutus I ————————— Trigonometric, Functions Inverse Trigonometric Functions, Hyperbolic Functions edna, meuiraCay 15. 4 Giny) ~ coo Se (651) =-siny 16, 4 (coon) : 4 (anw)= sect y 4 rn rn 78, 4 (o1x) ty foe u) = se0u fant Ay 2 a l ‘ dx 4 (ese u) = csc u cots u) Ch aul 8c U Cot tt oes d d(u)/ dx 21, (aresin a) = & cer Os vine arctan uy = edd 23. (ora iy = MME vcoti = Heide L accot y= Ale (arcsec) = “DLs uu? =1 26. © (arceseu) = (Ginhy) = cosh. é aya Goth u) =-esen®y ix « ! Le ci = sinh uw Hu, de (cosh x). uh oH 30. (eech nj =-s0ch «tanh vw dx dy x al (tanh u) = sect 7 du) sch) =- sinh ae takes cca OY" Tanne Feet SONA ORE yh aR a alu) fae 33, 4 (avesinh x)= eS lena a dla) a4 & cartamn = SOE WE: 35. (orcosh ) - SOLE 36 Z (arcsec = a 2 alu dx 37. A (recat) = ES = d = fx 38, £ (arcesch w) = ca Vai where aresinhx= In(x+VF°41) ) arccosh x~ In(x+¥s?—1) Bea arcianhr= Find arcvothx= din=4 +vi—x? gee vi+x? arecsthx= Inst2*— x30 5Part 6 Differeneial Caleulus Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 SLOPE OF THE CURVE RATE OF CHANGE CURVATURE. AND RADIUS OF CURVATURE Circle of Curvature “The slope of the curve y = f(s) al any point 1s idemtical to the derivative ofthe function © or a! Slope atany point = = SE de ‘The derivative ofa function is icentical toils zate of change. Thus, the rate of change of the volume (V) Of a sphere with respect tots radius () 4V/ér CURVATURE Curvature refers to the rate of change of the direction of the curve. ‘Thus, a circle with a smaller radius has great curvature, or is sharply curved. ‘The eurvature, kof the curvey = (6 : heey Tr? where y” is the second derivative of the and |p is the absolute or positive value of y RADIUS OF CURVATURE ‘The radius of curvature, p, is the reciprocal of the curvature, k, or: 1 Beppe ate Wi At any point on a curve y = fix), where y! and exist andy" #0, there is associated with tie curve a circle, which is called the circle of curvature with the following equation: (eh) + ly)? =p ‘The cenier (1, A) and radius p of the curve ts Ley Engineering Mathematics Vol, 2 GRAPH OF A FUNCTION F(x) ‘The graph of a function y =/(s) may be plotted using calculus. Consider the graph shown below. ‘As x increases, the curve rises if the slope ia positive, as of arc AB; it falls if the slope is hhegative, as of arc BC. Relative Maximum and Minimum Points Ata point such as B, where the function i algebraically. greater than that at any_neighkori point, the point is sald to haye a maximum vak and the point is called a maximum point (relative 69 adjacent points). Siinilafly, at D the function has a minimum yalue (relative to adjacent points) At maximum or minimum points, the tangent is horizonial or theslope is zero. ty # <7 =0 at This does not necessarily mican that at these points the function is maximum or minimum. Ttdees only mean that the tangent fs parallel to the x-axis, or the curve ie either couewve up or coueioe down. The points at which dy/de = 0 are called eritical points, ad the corresponding valucs of are erica velucs "Tho second deronline of fonction i the rae of change of the fis! dertative or dope. It follows that as. ¢ ifetenses andy is positive yi increasing and he tangent turns tn a counlerelockwise direction and the curve s concave upward. When "is negative YY" decrenses and the tangent turns in a clockwise direction and the curves concave downward ity = Dandy’ is negative (.e-y’ <0) the point sa sienna Gave coven If y’ = O.and y” is positive (y" > 0), the point is a minimum point (concave upward).Part 1 8 Differential Calculus Points of Inflection’ APPLICATIONS OF MAXIMA AND MINIMA Steps in Solving Maxima Minima Problems: Bramble Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 A point of inflection Is @ point et which the curve Changes from concave upward to concaye downward, or vice verse (see point £ from the figure). At these points, the tangent changes {is rotation from clockwise to counterclockwise or vice ‘At points of infleciion, the second derivative of y is zero (y" = 0) ‘Asan example, the area of a rectangular lot, expressed in termes ofits length and width, may also bbe expressad in terms of the cost of fencing. Thus, he area can be exprested as A = f(z). The common ak here is to find the valuo of x that will give a maxiinum value of A, To find this value, we set aa/ds =O 1 ify the variable tbe maximized or minimized, say area 2. Express this variable in terms of the other relevant variable(s), say A =/(23). 3. If the function shall consist of more that one variable, expressed it in terms of one variable (if Secale) using the conditions in the preblem, fay A= ls) 4, Differetiate and equation to zero, dA/ilx=0. ‘A food manufacturer packages his product in 1-iter cans that are right circular cylinders. If the material for the top costs five times as much per square centimeter as that used! for the bottom andi side, find the dimension of the can ifthe cost of the material is, to be minimum. The variable to be minimized is the cost Let C= total cost of materials cost of materials for the sides and bottom 5{ = cost of materials at the top acius of the cylinder ‘y= height of the eylinder Cost, C= cost of top +cost of cides and bottom C= ax x 5k [eat + 2eay) xk C= onixt + 2nkry Express y in terms of x Volume = x¥'y =1 liter = 1000cm? Differentiate and equate to zero: Se yes mae x ‘Toem (radius) y= 22.55.m (height) VARIABLE RELATIONSHIPS FOR MAXIMUM OR MINIMUM. VALUES Minimum length of ladder leaning against 3 building with one end on the ground outside the wall 2 = 2/2 xt? ‘or maximum area (to admit the most light) of « Norman window of given perimeter For maximum area of a rectangular window surmounted by 2 right isosceles triangle of known, perimeter.10 Parta Differential Caleulus Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 > mo Closes D Open top For maximum viewing angle 0 af an object b x= val Minimum length £ of line tangent to an ellipse +b For minimam perimeter of a rectangular lot of known area te be fenced on three sides only xe2y For minimum perimeter of a rectangle of known area or for maximum area for known perimeter x=y (square) Note: For a given area of rectangle, the square has the LEAST PERIMETER, OR for a given perimeter of rectangle, the square has the LARGEST AREA. Maximum volume of a CLOSED (both: ends) cylindrical tank of given surface area, or minimum sitriace area for given volume Diameter = height en 4 Maximum volume of 2 OPEN (one end) cylindrical tank of given suiface area, or minimum surface area for given volume Diameter =2 height D=h For maximum volume of 2 closed rectangular box ‘with given sum ofall edges or given total x-y=z (cube) Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 Part 1 calculus 11 Difler Maximum volume of open (one end) rectangular box of square base and given surfece area, or minimum surface area for given volume. Fora rectangle of maxim ar ne cut toma Grclech radiuer or perimeter that xry (square) For the strongest (stffest) rectangular beam that can be cut from log of radius r wads For maximum capacity of a trapezoidal gutter or canal of known perimeter, or minimum perimeter of known capacity Ahualf-reguler hexagon For maximum volume of a right circular cone with known lateral area, or minimum lateral area for known volume naz For the largest rectangle that can be inscribed in an ellipse if 2 yah) i2 Weight of Heaviest cylinder that can be cut from a phere of weight IV, or largest cylinder that can be cut from a sphere of volume V Wor =W/ Voi= V/ v3Part 12 Differential Calculus Strongest beam that can be section Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 Largest rectangle that can be cut from a given triangle Longest beam that can pass through a corridor Y BA = i + ph Smallest cone that can inscribe a sphere of radius r sind=1/3 Largest cylinder that can be inscribed in given h Bi Engineering Mathematics Vol, 2 Closed TIME RATES Portl 45 Differential Calculus For minimum cost of closed cylindrical tank of known volume or maximum volume for 2 given cost, Costof ends Sees * Base Diameter Height = st rectangle that can be inscribed in 2 semi- be 2h For minimum length of wire running from the top. af one posto thestake onthe ground and tothe top of another post For maximum product of » numbers whose sum is A,each number is * and the maximum product is (ayny For maximum product of x" ys where x+y = K: K K = a Ifa quantity x is a function of time t, the Hime rate of thange of x15 given by dade, When two or more quantities, al functions of 4, are related by an equation, the relation between their rates of change may be obtained by cifferentiating both sicles of the equation with respect to f14g Patz Engineering Differential Calculus Mathematics Vol. 2 Basic Time Rates yoicity 9 < dt where $ is the distance Acceleration, a= 2 it ie Discharge, Q= whe! at e Vis the volumeat any time eters trae anayers Engineering Patt 45 ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 Differential Caleulus Problems - Set 1 Limits, Differentiation, Rate of Change, Slope PROBLEM I-1 Byatuate m(2—sid20)!2 is C2 BT D3 PROBLEM 1-2 MEAPH 19% Simplify the expressions: lim: : iy eases at gad Al co bis D. 16 PROBLEM 3 , CE Nov. 1997 Evaluate the following init li 4.4/5 a B. idtinty D PROBLEM 1=4 Evaluate the limit (¢-4)/(32-= 12) as v approaches ICE apal 1938 AO eo ee B. undefined D. infinity EM 1-5 aluate the limit (in 3)/v as x approaches: positive ECE Nov. 1097 infinity At cre BO D. infinity PROBLEM 1-6 sa Ost 1907 Evaluate the following limite lim ==, Ad co B. indefinite D2 PROBLEM 1-7 1s TE April 1995 Bvaluate: tiny =082 AO @ Bis Dia PROBLEM 18 ECE Now. 1994 E raluate the following: lint (2~x)!@5 A infinity aeo Bd De16 Patt DifferentiatCateutiis Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 PROBLEM T => PROBLEM 1-10 prowl 1-1 PROBLEM 1-12 PROBLEM 1-13) ME April 1996, PROBLEM 4-14 ME Apal 1996 PROBLEM 1-15, ME April 1996 PROBLEM 1-16 ME pil 1997, PROBLEM 1-17, CE NOW, 1995 Find uy/dx ity = 5 A. 53" Ind B58 in25 Find dy/ix iy fale Ahk ME D pee Find dy/dtif y=ai +3044 andx=A+2 Aerie Cap + ia) Bea Dae! Evaluate the first derivative of the implicit function: 4e1+ 2xy+ P= 0 A ay a tty my ry Blea aera By) Ch ei eee Ona oe ae Pee me DEfs) = (x? 10x -1) BES = tt eye 2)? Tfaisa simple constant, what is the derivative of y=x? Aax Gat B. (a-1)x D ax Find the derivative of the function 2x? + 8x + 9 with respect to PRs Whats the fist clerivative dy/idx of the expression . Dfty)= 2548 Di Df) ~ 4+8 lesiarinaiye tee yieleany @ BO Dials Find the detivative of +1)9/x ‘A eee c xt)? ay zg = 9 Sea Gaye 5 Mey! ¥ Engineering Part 1 Differential Calevlus 27 Mathematics Vol. 2 FOUEN LTS Gian eequalionsy=(e™=)s Andy ECE Nov. 1996 Oe 3. 2ina) x Biden PROBLEM 1-19 Find the derivatives with respect to = of the function ME April 1998 ae A -2e/ y2-3r? Cans fea B, x / v2-a5? D.3x/ \2-3? PROBLEM 1-20 Differentiate ax‘ + b to the ¥4 power. IME April 1998) ‘A. ax © 2ar+p B, Dax Di ere 2b PROBLEM 1-21 Find dy/dxify = Invx A. vx /Inx 1/2 BL x/inx 2/x PROBLEM 1-22 PROBLEM 1 -23 ME Apel 1997 PROBLEM 1-24 PROBLEM 1-25 ECE March 1996 PROBLEM 1 - 26 ‘CE May 1997 PROBLEM 1-27 CE Now. 1997, PROBLEM 1-28 ECE Nov, 1997 Evaluate the differential of tan 8, ‘A. Ingec8 d8 C. sec tan ao B. Incos0 40 D. sect 6 dd If y = cos.x, what is dy/ idx? AL secre sine B secx Di -sinx Frday/ee ye tie (a3 eet B. dees ins} (x x cos (In B dese) 2 ‘The derivative of In (cos x) is: A. sec x G tany Bi “eee Di tans Find the derivative of arceos ts wih reapect os Pie eyaie ea a oelice Pat ial CAL TaN" fos ‘What Is the first derivative of y= arcsin 3x. oe ce 19e saci * Tos “ifs 1) find aby / x x Bal/x Bayeag Patt PROBLEM 1-29 CE May 1999 PROBLEM 1-20 ME Oat, 1997 PROBLEM 1 - 31 IME Apt 1998 PROBLEM 1 - 32 ME Apri 1998) PROBLEM 1-33 ECE April 1988 PROBLEM 1-34 ME April 1996 PROBLEM 1-35 ov, 19098 PRODURH 1-26 ME Apsil 1996 PROBLEM t -37 CE May. 1996 PROBLEM 1-38 Diflerential Calculus Engineering Mattiematics Vol. 2 Find the second derivative ofy=="atx= 2, A, 96 ©. 025 B. 0.375 D. -0875 Given the function (x) = 18 5x + 2, find the value of the feadesbotivests 2/0) Az ze) C2 B dbs be Given the function f(z) = x to the 3rd power - 6x +2, find the value of the first derivative at r= 3,/(2), AG Cy Bae D8 Find the partial derivatives with res function: w7?-5y +6, ie D, 2y Find the point in the parabola y2=4r at which the rate of change of the ordinate and abscissa are equal AWD) Cad 8 Cah D. 4) Find the slope ofthe line tangent to the carve yao. dee tat S aed os Bh bia Determine the slope ofthe curve? + yi Gry - 21-0 at 07) Be : if » 3/5. C35 ots bas Pind the slope ofthe angen oa porabulay— ata point ‘on the curve where te . re1/2 alo cya by Bt Find the slope ofthe ellipse x? + 4y2 «10y+ Ley +5 = Oat the point where y=-2+80 and x= 7. A .1654 ©. “01768 B. -0.1538 B, -01463 Find the slope of the tangent to the curve y=x1-2x2 + 8 through pail 2, 16) i Gu 31/24 B. 1/20 Engineering Mathematics Vol, 2 PROBLEM 1-39) PROBLEM 1-40 CE May 1998 PROBLEM 1-41 CE May 1996, PROBLEM 1 - CE Nov, 1999 PROBLEM 1 - 43 PROBLEM 1-44 CE May 1999, PROBLEM 1 ~ 45 PROBLEM 1-45 CE Now. 1998. PROBLEM 1-4 ECE Nov. 1995 PROBLEM 1-48 CE Nov. 1957 Part 1 Different calculus 29 Tai ie slope of the tangen othe cuveye = hough poise 2, 4) aoe ee 2/3: B. 3/2 D, 2/8 Find the slope of the line whose parametric equations arex=4t+6 and y=t-1 A. e4 8 D.-H Whatlethe slope of he curves Gr-+1hy+5= 0), ‘A. 2/5 B 5/2 Find theslope of the curve y ‘A. 0.67 B15 Find theacute angle that the curve y=1 - 3e%eut the TAT G7 B. 75° D, 120° Find the angle thatthe line 2y = 9x - 18 = 0 makes with © 4270 Bizzare Find the equation of the tangentto the curve y = x+2x!/) Enough point 12) A. 7-6) +1d= 0 B. Bt + Sy +21=0 0 Whet is the radius of curvature at point (1, 2) of the curve ky? = 0? A. 621 ©. 5.66 5521 Di. 5:66 CG. bx- by Dy 3x-2y-1 Find the radius of curvature at any point of the curve y2ln (cos x) =, ne A. cos © secx B, 1.5707 Bt Determine the radius of curyature at (4,4) of the curve: yr -4y=0, 244 Ga B 25.4 D224Past 2. 20 ditferential Calculus —$_$_$__$_$_ PROBLEM 1-40 Find the radius of curvature of the curve x =y'at (1,1) GE Nos, 1999) A472 C467 B) 3.28 D527 PROBLEM 1-50 The chords of the ellipse 64 + 2542 = 1600 having equal CE Noy, 1998 slopes of 1/5 are bisected by its diemeter. Determine the ‘equation of the diameter of th A B etre sy=0 ANSWER SHEET Mathematics Vol. 2 ie ellipse, C. 5x 64y=0 D. bar + 5y=0 1. 2. B $ g 3 g 3 iB . o PBOOGHMOOOHO 55 erb «rd dp aro ard. ard > ext ard | ff 4d ard. 41 ard. gD rd TDEND 19 oD HOO MI ADO EOD Engincering Patt oy Mathematics Vol. 2 Differential Calculus Solutions to Set 7 Limits, Differentiation, Rate of Change, Slope SOLUTION1=1 Jim (I= sind asin OY? hos B tat a= SOLUTION 1-2 Ine 8 nnyore accurate is the rest Here are some values toassume:Engineeri 22 Part Engineering gineering Fatt 94 Differential Calculus Mathematics Vol. 2 Mathematics Vol. 2 Dilferential Calculus SOLUTION T => SOLUTION TG Aas: A fin Ans A sony? $a 140 ‘Anather Solution: (Gillesanis'sPrinciplo®) Sat x= $99,999 599999 +4 999999 —4 © (Apply LHospitas Ral ea aeati\nees 245 20)s9 5 im: lim nt ly aS SOLUTION 1 Another Solution: (Gillesania'sPrinciple®) Set x =0,9909 0.9999 (D990? + 3(@.9999)—4 = 039999 = 04= 2/5 SOLUTION 1-4 Ans C ees. Another Solution: (illesania’s Principle®) “ Set = 0.0001 = lim ira aa 17 cos(0comn x 20 Paes ies (eo? ae tim 24 = 2 (appiy Ltospias Rute) aro - fe a in ans D Jim (2x) = 1° (ndeterminatey yuo d2 rotde-1 | A 7 are Oot Another Solution: (Gillesania’s Prineiple®) Se x=99099 eppreactess)~ ‘Take the natural logarithm (in) of both sides = b 5 x In@=) = 0.14286 = 1/7 mit = tan In (2-1) = BO) ee / BN ea SOLUHON 1-5 ing 3 Aas: B fim BE In2=x) 0 ; bay ‘Asx approaches 1, M22) = 9 (appty spats rut) Set y= 909.999 (Gillesania’s Principle®) ott 11999999 _ 4 599,999 In timPart 1 24 diferential Coleulns SOLUTION 1-9 AnsiB soLuTion Ars: A $10) SOLUTION 1-1 Ans SOUUTION 1-12 Ans: B in timi Taking the exponential of both sides: Another Solution: (Gillesania‘s Principle") Set x = 0.9999 2) = (9-p.gqgqystlos9y/2p1t0/0 lim (2 1199 = @2/* sent From dat)=a"Inadu yes dy)de= 5) tn 5 (2) = 51125 y= oF From de" dyldr as <0 Vee t3y — dy/dx=2r+3 x= P42; e/a (dy/axate/d = (2x+3)(29 butx=2+2 dyfar= [208 +2) + 3)@)= 22+ 72H dy/dt= 48+ 14t First derivati Bet 2s arty + tytyy sy ty = 4x-y ¥o@rD Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 SOLUTION 1-15 Ans A SOLUTION 1-14 Ans: & SOLUTION 1-15 Ans D SOLUTION 1-16 Ae 8 SOLUTION 1-17 Ans B SOLUTION 1-18 Ans © Part 1 Diflerencisl Caicutes — 25 tty 2 dy _ (x? -1)(0)=(4+5)12s) é ee eae fo) = 28+ Br +0 Dic) = ax+ 8 Gy) ‘Taking the natural logarithm of both Ine= in @y = xin @y) Ter(nxtiny) Lerinx+xiny Differentiate with respect to x 02rd tinge x ny x y sles iny © t=lniy MH - yasiney)/x pd wily fex?| Le]. sce?a-ere) & 7 = dase Gray? z yreey By definition ya (eaePart 1 26 Different SOlTION T=19 Ans B SOLUTION 1-20 ans B SOLUTION 1-21 ans C SOLUTION 1-22 ‘Ans. SOLUTION 1- 23 ‘ans D SOLUTION 1 =24 Ans B SOLUTION 1 - Ans C SOLUTION 1-20 Aas SOLUTION 1-27 ‘as: D Let y= axe + bv ity/dx=a@x) +0= 20x : (an 0) = sec? 040 ay yn 0s x; ie = sing y= sin (ln) dy/éx= cos (tn x4) x {tn a2) = cos (in.¥4) x x /22) dy/dx= 2 cos (in) /x From the formula: allow) _ tufts an w= cos atingcosinn , 404) ils From d(arcos) =-—# a dlatecasx) a y= aresin 3y From dfaresin u) = Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 Engincering ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 Fart1 99 Differential Calculus FOLITION 1-28 ‘ns: C SOLUTION 1-29 Ans: SOLUTION 1-30 Ans: A SOLUTION 1-31 Ansa SOLUTION 1-32 das A SOLUTION 1-33 Ans A SOLUTION 1-44 Ans: A SOLUTION 1-35 Ans A SOLUTION 1 - 36 Ans: B y=rinx y=x(1/x) +Inx()=1+Inx ye OF1/x= Vx 6) sSo5x 42 fe) -38-5 £2)-3( fie) = B= 0x42 J'G)=3-6 Atx=2: /(@)=30))-6=12-5= fle) = 39° By + 6 To get the partial derivative with respect to 3, we differentiate the function treating the other variable y as, constant ary) or 5 "The rate of change of the ordinate and abscissa is dy/d. yiaay 2y diy/dx = 4; where dy/ ds zy (1) = 4 y=2and v= 1; The point is (1,2) yrs deed Slope, dy/dx = 3x2 -2 Avy Slope, 3(1)F sty 6x-dy-21=0 Wy -6=4y AG 20) +2 y = 6/10=95 6-4y yee Slope of the curve at any point = yf = 2x Aty=1/2 y= 20/2)=12g Part Sonunian Ta Ans: SOLUTION 1 = 38 ‘Ans: SOLUTION 1 - 30, Ans: A SOLUHON 1-40 Ans: B SOLUTION 1-41 Any: a Ans: SOLUTION 1 - 43 Ans A Differential Calculus Engineering Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 SOLUTON | - 41 Slope= mr th Ans: 12 P tay?- 10x 4 16y+5=0 Bae+ By (dy/ds) ~10 + 16 (dy/de) = 0 At(7, 2+ 869) 2(2) + 8(-2 + B25) dy /dtx -10 4 16 (ay fax) = 0 ayfde~ 01768 ‘The slope of the curve y = (a) at any point is dy/ds, SOLUTION = 45 yex-28+8) = 4xo-4y apes Since (6, 12} les on the given curve; the Slope = = 4(8)3 - 4(8) = 24 The slope of the curvey = (x) atany point is dy/de. Pao e4 dy =6x y=3r/ y At(2,4): Slope = y'= 362) /4--32 The slope of the ine m is equal to dy/dr Braves i hrs: 2s 4244 0 (1,0) 2() + 2(0)y'-6+10y'=0 Paap soumion 1-47 yeoaeaia, y=aueaer Ansc At (G12): y=3(b + O)2= 15, wis a 8 9= slope ofthe curveatany point = tnd Where @ is the angle that the curve makes with the horizontal The curve will cut the x-axis at (2,0) 0=1- 3x x= 0,693 (0.693), 6.99" Mathematics Vol. 2 Part1 Differential Catoulas 29 The tangent of the angle that the line carve makes with the x-axis isthe slope of the curve. The equation of the tangent is y- yi = mile 2) Solving for the slope m (y’) at (8, 12) + 20/5 Equation of line: y-12> @/ 96 fy -72= Te Fe-6y+14=0 y+lncosx=0; y=-Incosx=Insecr + SORANE Ly y Re SS sare30. Partt Differential Calculus SOLUTION Tae Ans: D SOLUTION 1 - 49 Ans: D SOLUTION 1-50 Ans D 1s)? Radius of curvature, K I yi =2/yand y= oa) p= 2/k~% =-2(1/2)/4#= /16 ne DEOLAEP 22.36 uniis Fi/i6| Avia) y =1/3andy" =-2/9 feaayr7 [2/9] Gist + 254 - 1600 Differentiate with respect to x 1Bx+50yy'=0 Where _y/~slope of the chords y=1/5 128x + 50y (1/5) =0 oly t5y=0 Mathematics Vol. 2 B72 Engineering Patt gy Mathematics Vol, 2 Differential Calculus Problems - Set 2 Maxima & Minima, Time Rates PROBLEM 2-1 A function is given below, whatx value maximizes »? ME Oct. 1997 3 A203 Bo ponies 2 The number of newspaper coples distributed ts given by CE May 1999, C= 50 f= 2004+ 1000, wire 11s In years, Find the minimum number of coples distributed irom 19%5 to 2002 A. 935) 10) BL 9800. D. 7500 PROBLEM 2-3 Given the following profitwersueprochiction function for ME Od, 1996 a certain commodity: n-ac-»- (22) iessP-9 ses a bt of rota ae Tay sno 2 ho 5 Sahn PROBLEM 2-4 ‘The cost C of a product is a function of the quantity x of IME Apel 199% the product is given by the relation: Cix) = x* - 4000x + 50. Find the quantity for'which the cost isa minimurn, ‘A. 3000 1000 2000, B 7500. PHORIEM 2-5 IFy'= to ther! power 3r, Find the maximum value of ME Apa 1998. ve “KO Ca Beal B.2: PKOBLEM 2-6 Divide 120 into two paris so that the product of one and the square of the other is maximum. Find the numbers. A. 60 & 60 C7050 B. 100820 B, 80 & 40 PRoBI If the sum of two numbers ia C find the minimum value, of the sum of their squares, AC/2 © 6 B Cys bes32 Para Differential Calculus PROBLEM 2-9 PROBLEM 2-10 PROBLEM 2-11 PROBL ECE Api 2-12 1993) PROBLEM 213 PROBLED 2-14 CE Nov, 1936 Engineering ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 certain travel agency offered a tour that will cost each vetsenP 190000 nob ore a 1D Geos will join, hoivever the cost per person will be reduced by F 500 per person inexcess of 150, How many’ persons will make the © 2 D. 250 ‘Two cities A and B are 8 km and 12 km, respectively, noth of iver which une du eat, Cy Bbsing 15 km fast of A. A pumping station is to be constructed (along the river) to supply water for the two cities. Where should the station be locate 89 thatthe amount of pipe isa minimum’ A.dkmeastofA —' B. kim east ofA C Ykineast of A D, Gkmeast of A A boatman is at, which is 4.5 km from the nearest point B fon a straight shore BM, He wishes to reach, in minimum, time, a point C situated on the shore 9 km from B, How far from C should he land If hecan tow at the rate of 6 koh and, walk atthe rate of 75 kph? A.Tkm G5km Bo 3km D.8km ‘The shortest distance from the point (5,10) to the curve st 12yis 4 A. 4331 © 5127 B, 3474 D, 64 A statue 3 m high is standing on a base of dm high. If an observer's eye Is 1.5 mabove the giound, how fer should he stand from the base in order tet the aiiyle subiended by the statue is a maximum? A.3dim 8, 351m. Camm B44im ‘An iron bar 20 m long i& bent to form a closed plane area, What is the largest area possible? A. 21.56 squaremeter —C, 2856 square meter B, 25,68 square meter, 31.83 aquare meter A Norman window is in the shape of a rectangle surmounted by @ semi-circle, What is the ratio of the width of the rectangle to the total height so that it will yielé a. wincow adiiting the most ight for a given perimeter Ad e173 B. 2/3 D4 Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 PROBLEM 2-15, ECE Nov. 1996 PROBLEM 2-16 EGE Now. 1997 PROBLEM 2-17 PROBLEM 2-18, CE May 1999 PROBLEM 2-19 ECE March 1996, New. 1998 PROBLEM 2-20 CE May 1997 PROBLEM 2- 21 GCE May 1993, Nov. 1909 PROBLEM 2- 22 Part. Different Calculas 39 TA rectangular field Is t be fenced into four equal parts, What is the size of the largest field that can be fenced this way with a fencing length of 1500 feet ifthe division is to be parallel to one side’ A. 65,200 B. 62500) C. 64.500 5. 63,300 ‘Thice sides of a trapezoid are each 8 em long, How long is the dh aide, when the area of the trapezoid has the greatest yaluc? A. 16cm) B 15cm Gan D. 10cm, ‘An open top rectangular tank with square bases is t0 fave a volume of 10 cubic meters. ‘The material for sis bottom cost P 150.00 per square meter, and that for the siclos is P 60.00 per square meter. The most economical height i: 4, 2 meters B. 25 meters ©. 3meters D, 35 motors ‘A rectangular box having a square base and open at the top {sto have.a capacity of 16823 cc. Find the height of the box to use the least amount of material. A. 1614an C 1841cm B, 3228 an D, 23.74cm ‘The altitude of a cylinder of maximum volume that can be inscribed ina right circular cone of radius r and height is: Ah/3 ©. 34/2 B. 2h/3 Dih/s What isthe least ammount of tin sheet, in sq. inches, that can be made into a closed cylindrical can having volume of 108 cu, inches? ‘A. 125 square meter B. 137 square meter , 150 square meter D120 square meter ‘The volume of the closed cylindrical tank is 11,3 cubic meter. Ifthe total surface area is a minimum, what is its base radius, in mi? Allat 12 B. 1.88 D. 165 ‘A cylindrical steam boiler isto be constructed haying a ‘capacity of 1000 cu, m. The material for the sides cost 2000.00 per sqiare meter and for the ends P3000.00 per square meter. Find the radius so that the cost is leastPart1 34 Differs Calculus PROBLEM 2-23, NE Apri 1998, PROBLEM 2 - 24 PROBLEM 2-25, ME Apri 1998) PROBLEM 2. 26 ME Apri 1993) PROBLEM 2 PROBLEM 2 - 29 CE May 1996. ‘A oom B 412m {A box isto be constructed from a piece of zine 20 inches quate by cutting equal squares from each corner and turning up the zine to form the side What is the volume bf the largest box thal can beso constracted? ‘A s9isDcubleinches G, 59259 eubicinches B. 579.50 euble inches, 62289 cubic inches ‘A load of 40 KN is to be raised by means of a lever weighing 250 N/m whith is supported st one end. I the load’ is placed’ 1 m from the support, how long should the lever be so that the force required be a ‘A. 13.43 m ©, 18.56 m) B, 2019 m D. 17.89 m. [As x increases’ uniformly at the rate of 0.002 feet per second, at what rate is the expression (I + x) to the 3! power increasing when x becomes 8 feet” A. 430 cfs) C. 01486 cfs B. 0:300cfs D. 0.346 cfs ‘The distance a body travels is a function of time and is, given by x()) =161 + 82 Find its velocity at ‘6 ©. 54 B56 D. 44 “The distance traveled by. a tra is given by the equation POOR ene awit the dstencin Mlomeles and {is the ime in hours. Determine the velocity ofthe train alter traveling 10 Kilometers ‘A 82 kph B1872kph ©.B5koh D, 753kph ‘An object moves along a straight line such that, after ¢ minutes, its distance from its starting point is D = 20! +5 / (E41) meters, At what speed, in m/eninute will it be moving atthe end of 4 minutes? ‘A398 C298 B. 298 D188 The speed of the traffic flowing pasta certain downtown exit between the hours of 1:00PM. and 60) PM. is approximately V = P - 10.5! + 30! + 20 miles per hour, where 1'= number of hours past noon. What ist fastest speed of the traffic between 1:00 P.M, and 600 P.M. in mph? Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 Engineering ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 Dita PROBLEM 2-30 PROBLEM 2 CE May 1997 PROBLEM 2 ~32 CE Now. 1966, PROBLEM, GE May 1995 PROBLEM 2-34 EGE April 1998 PROBLEM 2-35 Part 4 itiatCateulus 35 A 50 Cs B46 D2 ‘A yan is 5 km due north of @ busat 200 p.m. If the van is traveling northward at the rate of 60 kph and the bus is traveling westward at the rate of 75 kph, how fast will the two be separating at 5:00 p.m? ‘A. 85.36 kph ©'8.65 kph B. 9604 kp D, 10251 kph A car drives east from point 4 et 30 koh. Another car starting from B at the same time, drives $ 30° W toward A at 60 kph, Bis 30 km away from A. How fast in kph. is the distance between the two cars changing after one our? ‘A, 76.94 kph © B94kph B. 78.94 kph D. 794 kph ‘Acar starting at 1200 noon travels wos ata speed of 30 ph. Another car darting from the same point at 200 pin travels north at 45 kph Find how fest the two are Separating t 00 pm? pee co 857 Diss ‘Two railroad tracts are perpendicular with each other. At 12.00 P.M, there is a train on each track approaching the crossing at 50 kph, one being 100 km, the other 150 Jam. away irom the evassing, How fast in kph is the distance between the two trains changing at 400P.M.2 ‘A. 6808 C. 6.08 B. 67.08 D. 70.08 A balloon is rising vertically over a point A on the ground at the rate of 15 ft/sec. A point B on the ground {5 level with and 20 ft from A. When the balloon i 40 It from A, at what rate ists distance from B changing? AtYs CB its B 12ft/s DB i/s A hemispherical dome has a dismetor of 109m. A searchlight was placed at a point A located at the circumference at the base. At the middle of the dome at 8B, a balloon was released vertically at a velocity of 4 How fast is the shadow of the balloon move along the roof when the balloon is 25 mhigh? A. 64 m/s C.72m/s B dém/s D 4m/sPart 36 PROBLEM 2-35 PROBLEM 2-37 PROBLEM 2-38, PROBLEM 2-39 ECE Nov. 1995 PROBLEM 2-40, CE Nov, 1598 PROBLEM 2-41 CE May 2003. + PROBLEM 2 42 GE Now. 2002 PROBLEM 2 CE New. 2002 3 Differential Caleulus Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 Thine distance v from the origin attime Fis given by 1162+ 3000 + 50000, find the initial velocity when A.0 C. 5200 B, 3000, , 50000 An airplane is flying horizon‘ally at an altitude of 9000, m, An observer on the ground noticed that whan the angle of elevation of the plane is 60°, the angle decreases, at the rate of 015 radians/second. What is the velocity. ©, 1400 m/s D, 1800 m/s The surface area of the sphere (initially zero) increases uniformly at the rate of 26 sq, em. per second, Find the ate at which the radius is ineveasiag after two seconds, ‘A. 059 cm/sec ©. 01509 em/soe B, 062 em/see D, 0.82cm/see ‘The height of a sight circular cylinder is 50 inches and decreases at the rate of 4 inches per second, while 1 radius of the base is 2) inches and increases at the rate of, one inch per second. At what rate is the volume changing? infec © 1119cu.in, A isle B 1275 cn. in,/sse D. 1257 eu, in /s ‘There is a constant inflow of a liquid into.a conical vessel 15 feet deep and 7.5 feet in diameter at the top. Water is, Sain a i ae of 2 fet per minute when the vate ie & feet deep, What is Une ate ifinflow in cu ft per minute? AB ¢. 933 B 740 B62 What is the curvature of the curve 42 = 16x at the point (4.8)? ‘A 0.084 ©. 0066 B, -0.088 D. 0033 Suppose thal x years efter founding in 1975, a certain eniployee association had a membership of fx) = 100* 5 fort ota) at vat ime between 1975 and 1589 wat the membership smallest? A. 1983 C1984 B. 1985 Di. 1986 A Semetor long stee! pipe fas jis upper end leanin againet » vertical wal and lower end ena level groun lower end moves away ala constant rate of cm/s CE May 2002 PROBLEM 2-45 (CE May 2002 PROBLEM 2-46 CE Nov, 2001 PROBLEM 2-47 CENov. 2003 PROBLEM 2 CE Nov. 2003 PROBLEM 2-49 Engineering Patt 37 Mathematics Vol. 2 Diflerencta} Calculus ow fast The uppe: end moving down, tens, when the lower end is 2m from the wall? A181 C179 B 165 D. 198 PROBLEM 2-44 A particle moves according to the parametric equations: yee rep where x and y are displacements (in meters) in x and y direction, respectively and 1 is lime in_ seconds Determine the acceleration of the body after t= 3 seconds. ‘A, 1285 m/e? © 21.47 m/s B 18d m/s? B52 m/s Determine the shortest distance from point (4, 2) to the parabola y= &, A. 283 Cai B 351 D. 632 Water flows into a tank having the form of a frustum of a right clreular cone, The tank is 4 m fall with upper Tadidis of 1.5 m and the lower radius of 1 m_ When the water in the tank is 1.2 m deep, the surface rises af the rate of O12 m/s, Calculate the discharge of water, flowing into the fank in m/s. ‘A, 0002 © 003 B 005 D. oz The motion of 2 partite i defined by the paramedic equations = Pand y=2# Determine the velocity when $=2, ‘A. 1442 © 1274 B 1625 Dig ‘Thesum of two numbers is K. The product of one by the cube of the other is to bea maximum, Determine one of the numbers ‘A 3K/4 ©. 3K/2 B 3K/8 D.3k/? Find the height of the largest right pyramid with a square base that can be inscribed ina sphere of radius 10) A. 122em ©.13.3em B. 144m D, 15 Sem.gg Fart2 Engineering Differential Calculus Mathematics Vol. 2 Sand is pouring froma spoutat the rate of 25 cc/ sec, It formsa cone whose height is always 1/3 the radius ofits base, At what rate in em/sec is the height increasing When the cone is 50 em high? o.ao0785 . O.oonss7 B 0.000214 1, 0.000354 PROBLEM 2-30 ANSWER SHEET PROOOOOOOCO HOMO OOMMOMOe PO@oDmuw amare || merc @ @e@a@a@ POBGRHOOCMOOME POO OPOCOOO AIDED Em PEPE aDeDEr POO OMOOoOOE POOP MOOMDME || DOES OOO @ <> OBGOOPOCOOCOE MOSOSHOOOS Oe PODOPOCAOE QO OMOCOOOR DOOOOOGOOOO DADE I HOOD OP OPED ED DOO Wwe a@@e| | @@@@ @@@c QOCMOOOOOO POCDDIDIDDOD) | DOO COOOGOO | fmm eeramanareren |] amare anemanen ed apa PDOOOHOOoOos POOOOSOHOMOOa PPD DDE DD ED DOD Eh DED 1 ED. ED ED gm PDOHMORMOEOES PPADDOCOOOE MDD LTD AIDED OT GOD. 1d 7d Engineering Partl 39 Mathematics Vol. 2 Differential Calculus Solutions to Set 2 Maxima & Minima, Time Rates SOLUTION 2-1 The value of y is maximum when dy/dx~0 (y' = 0} Ans: D vtyta- Dy ty t2x-2= 0 when y=; 0+042-2=0; x51 SOLUTION2-2 Ans: B @~ 2001+ 10000 100 t~ 200= 0; 1=2 0(2)¢~ 2002) + 10000 = 9800 soumon2-3 re ag sono -»-(24) Ts eee) pies & tex) 8a." (lex)? “1; 8U.a)'<(1 +x) ix = 0971 my = ~0371-|———|_ = 199,999.46 vans -asn-[ A) ey SOLUTION 2-4 ans B x= 2000 SOLUTION 2-5 Ans; dy/dx 322-3 To determine the maximum and minimum points, y is maximum if the second derivative y" is nogative and is minimum when y/ ye3e +6 (minimum) = 1 (maximum) 2Ars: D SOLUTION 2 ans & SOLUTION 2-8 Ane SOLU Ans: B i Parti 40 differential Calculus SCLONONT Tet rand y be the numbers, then’ x+y=12),ory=120-x Product, P= ya? = (120-x) 2 P= 1202 x3 AP {be ~ 240% ~ 5 0 x=80andy Let rand ybe the number, then x + y~Cory=C-x $= 36/2) $+ AC/1)-C+0 = CA Lot be the number of persons above 150, Total number of persone = 150+ Cost per person = 1500 - 5 Profit, P= (150 + a)(1500~ 53) ~ 205000 + 750x. 4P/dx = 750 - 10x=0; x =75 = 15) +75 = 225 Number of perso1 Lexty (=a dt 205-2) Nese 2fisa+(15-27 as >a) Tee ae Square both sides of Eq (2) be Gaz ah + 225-302 305-4368) = #305) +280:2 = 19262 + 14400 30s! + ode! = 2-302) +2892 1922 +14400 8022+ 1920: - 14400 =0 Engineering ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 Engineering _ Mathematics Vol. 2 SOLUTION? - 10 Ans: Part 1 DifterentialCateuius — 44 = 1920 + (1920)? — 4(80)(-34400) 2(80) em. From the figure shown: Total time of travel, T= y+ to SOLITON? - 11 Aas: 15x ~ 6yx +2028 9625 x? = 36(3? +2025) 202532 = 729; x=6 km; 9-x=3km ‘oquare both sides POE ecm: Gt oer nil e510) 4208/2 19e4/19) <0 Es pa0 a= 48x- 360 = 0 wher By trial and error, x= 9.31 In ® = 31-57 +[0.1)/12- 10) = 26288 127 unitsEngineering Mathematics Vol. 2 | he Maximize 0 era Be ates an (0+) = =22t0ne HOt )= seca 4, tanta! stan an | T-tnOane 4 tanO+tana =22tana “ape =22tan tanta tan 0 +22 tan @tan?a=1.2 tana 12tana ee 8 nrg tano= Differentiate Bq, (1) with respect to « and equate to zero: e229 (d@/da) = ‘1.2tana(d.dtanasect a)—(1+22tan?a)1 2sec? a (ie2zian ay? 0.=5.28 tanta secta -1.2secta - 2.64 tanta. sect 2.64 tanta, secta= 1.2 socte tanta~ 1.2/2.64 a= 33.9878" x= 25 cot3B.se7e"= 0 708m. ‘This can algo bo solved using the relationship that for 9. to be maximum, the value of x = yab = 25(55) 3.708 m SOLUTION 2 Ans: D 13. Fora given perimeter (20 mi) the figure that will give the Jangest area isthecircle, Then: ‘Avea = nr? n(9.183)? = 31.83 sq.m. SOLUTION 2-14 solu For the winclow to admit the most light, maximize its ares: (Seo figure) A=(@i)y) HYena? Andy Pane + 2y +t = constant HA(P- Dx - mx) "Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 Part1 Ditferential Calculus 43 Ans: B 22 SOLUTION 2-15 n A= 2x (b= 2x- ax] © ane As Py Dace + Yam = PDs tara? wa a Pa2e+2yt axadx tne 2y= 2x oF Thenht=x+x= 2: 4x-mx ): P= dx + me ‘Thus, the base of the rectangle equals the height ‘of the window, therefore the ratio of the width to the height is Fora given perimetei, the square has the largest area, Hence the rectangular field be a square and divided as shown; Length of fencing = 12 (x/2) =1500 2 Area 62500 sq. m. WE SOLUTION 2-16 Ani A WE From the figure shown, the fourth side is Bentsen _Ssnt 8+16sin0 sen ech ‘The area of the trapezoid is: Az8x8cos0 — +448 sin 9) 003 €) x2 A= 61 cos 0+ 64sin 0 cos Differentiate 4 with respect to @ and equate to cer. A/a) = 64(-sin 9) + 64 sit 0 sin 6) + cos 6 (e058) ]=0 sin 0 - sin20 +cos¥) = 0 “sin Q- sin?0 +1- sin’ =D 2sin?9 sin 9-1 (Qsind-1)(sin 0+1)=0. 2sind-1=0 sin 0 = 15:0 =30° Top width = 8+ 16 sin 30° =16 emPart a 44 dDiticcntin Calculus —— SOLUTION 217 Tet x be the dimension of the square base andy be the Ans: B height. Cost Cost, C= 150.12 + 240.a(10/x7) C= 1502+ 2400/x He can nan/neo SOLUTION 2-18 sour Minimize the tolal surface area: Axx + dey Ve xt y= 16823; 16823 _,,, 61292 Ars tty Ds = 33646 16823 (622877 = 16.14 em Ve ny Expressing y in terms of x: 1 h yer), venette-a lent vk HY Men onco er-24)=0 ah $r (radius of cylinder) Mathematics Vol. 2 hhase area x 150 + lateral area x 60 Cost = 3? (150) + 42460) = 150.2? = 210-xy Bui volume =aty = 1013; y= 10/2, then = (rit 23) Engineering ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 SOLUTION 2-20 Ans A SOLUTION 2-21 Aas: SOLUTION 2- 22 Ans € Part 1 Ditlerencil Calcules 45 Tor the dosed cylinder of base daineter D and height ie 2p? + aH 2 As2x 2D +nDE 4 2 v= Spry =108;H= q #D' pis 22 x $6.16)! + 2(6.16)(6:16) Least surface area = 125.54 eq. m- Note: For a closed cylinder of known volume, the surface area is least when its diameter (D) 1s equal to Its height (H). Also, for a close cylinder of known surface area, the volume is maximum when D =H. ‘This problem is similar to Problem 19-20, For a closed, cylindrical tank of a given volume, the (olal surface are is minimumif the diameter D equals the altitude fh. VeAvxh; but=D Y= FD!xD= 4D» 113=4D! D=2.432 m= 2r r=1.216m Cost, C= (nx? x 2)(8000) + (2x x y)(2000) C= 60008 4? + 4000 xy V=ny= 1000; y=1000 / xx? C= 6000x a2 + 4000 x (1000 / « 22) C= 6000 9? + woe ac oqn000 © =12000nx- = =0 a ¥ ¥=4734mPart 1 46 ditcrential Calcuins Sorunon 2-23 ‘Ans: C SOLUTION 2-24 Ans Wer SOLUTION 2 - ‘Ansi Engineering Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 SOLUTION 2-25 ANS: A SOLUTION 2- 27 Ans A From the figure shown, Volume, V = (20~22)(20~23) x V= (400 - 80+ duejx = 400x BO + 48 BY aso 1601 128-0 : SOLUTION ans: D 80(3.333)2+ 46.333) Fc inches Maximum volume = 40033 Maximum volume = 592.59 cu! SOLUTION 2-29 Mo ree F(t) =40000(0) +2501(6/2) Fr ean00/1. +1251 To minimize the value of F, Aiferan\iata Ewa raspect tol are equate'te ro, af = 4000/11 +125 =0 13512 = 40000) = 17:89 m aL yf dt = 30 +x) dx /t Given that dx/dt= 0.002 feet per second and x= 8 feet, idy/dt =3(0 + 890.002) iy/at = 0.886 cf Mathematics Vol. 2 Part 47 Differential Caleuius Let S=x(!) = 16! + 8? Velocity = dS/dt Velocity = dS/dt = 16 + 16¢ Att=3 Velocity 16 +1693) =64 Distance, x=312-+21+4 Velocity: dx/dt=61+2 when x= 10 IO =3i2+ 2144; 30+ 2-6 12h, Velocity = dx /at = Velocity = 872 kph (1.12) +2. ‘The speed of the object at any time is D/ dt, DE+5/ (E41) dD 5 GO hee it Gy 221+ 30 =0 (3t - 6)(¢=5) Qand 1-5) When t=2 V=(2))-105@)' + 90(2) + 20=46 kph When ¢=5 (6)'= 10.56)! + 30(6) + 20= 32.5 kph ‘Therefore; the fastest speed of the traffic is 46 kph.Part1 Differential Calculus 48 Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 SOMTON2-30 From the figure shown: Ans B= (5+ 6+ ON? 562522 + 25 + 600t + 3600! 9205) + 600¢ +25 20) 25d5/ét~18450¢+600 (2) At5 pm (t= 3), from Eq, (1) $2 = 922513) + 600(3) +25, = 291.29 km In Eg, 2) (291,29) dS / dt S/d! = 96.03 kph SOLUTION 2-31 es From the figure shown’ G00? + (30 - 604) 2(80) (30 601) cos 60° ‘St = 900 F + 900 - 3600 ¢ + 3500 2-900 +1800 t= 6300 @-4500/+900 (1) wS-neosm 30 After one fiour (= 1) In Eq. Qe 5? = 5300 (1)? 4900 (2) + 900 5 = 51.96) km In Faq. (2) dS. Api ge1) = 1260011) ~ 4500 ds T7983 ph SOLUTION 2-32 et t= any time after 200 pm sour Let t= any time after 200 pi ‘5 distance between the cars atany time t From the figure shown: = (451)? + (30! + 602 2025 #2 + 900 +3600 1+ 3600 $'=2925 P+ 2600!+3500 9 (1) Engineering “Mathematics Vol. 2 SOLUTION 2 - 33 Ans: B Part 1 Diferentatcucuns 49 25% ~ 50801 + 3600 3@ ‘Avi00 pm, t= 2 Solve for $ in Ea. (0) ? = 2925)2)' + 36002) + 3600, 150 km In Bg, @) es 2150) as dt 50(2) + 3600. L kph Let Fbe any time efter 12 pm. ‘The distance 5 between the trains at any time 150, ae c= 3it se 150° S00 S$? = (150 50/)2+ (100 500) $2 = 22500 - 150001 + 25007 + 10000 - 10000} + 2500 $= 5000 # - 25000 1 + 32500 50k e100 Sct) 100 DBikzeine sh papas 23 = sonar 500 Avago pm? PFabolip omy «a00 $= 111,803 km then; 2(111.803) as 3. e708\ph dt is = 10000(4) - 2500050 SOLUTION ‘Ans: B SOLUTION 2 Ans: A SOLUTION 2 Ans: B Part 1 Dilferential Calculus a 3 35 From the tangle shown: Hep +30 fa Find dS/dt when y ~ 40° Sta P4308 25d8/dt = 2y dy When y= 40; then; Sous/ar= 408) aS/d!=12 fps Required: dS/dt when y= 25m Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 15% ‘The rate the balloon rises is dy/dl=4 m/s $= 5020-1000 In eight triangle ADB: tan O= 4/50 = arctan (¥/30) $= 100arc1an (y/50) AS yo) M/50Nav/dd a T+ (y/607 dS. 4 ; a” Taesaop oA Distance, y= 16/2 +3000! + 50000 Velocity, »= dy/d: = -321-+3000 When t=0 v= -52(0) + 3000 = 3000 Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 SOLUTION 2-37 Ans: D SOLUTION 2-38 Ans: C SOLUTION Ani: D Differential ‘When @= 60°, d0/dt=-015 rad/sec Velocity of the airplane 9000 ent 0 idx/dt = 9000 (- ese? 0 a0/dd) de dt = S000 (esc 60")-0.13) idx /dt = 1800 m/s Surfaceare of sphere, A, = 4-172 Ag dt = Bur dr/dt= 26 em%/see After2 seconds 20) Substitute rto Eq. (1): 82.034) d/l dr/dt= 0509 cm/s vx an ean i gy SGD) = f(20)*(-4) + 50/2)(20)(1)) 0 asa fsec.52 arta TORUTION 2-40 ns: D SOLUTION 2 Ans: A SOLUTION 2-42 Ans: D Differential Calculus _ Engineering ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 oe Whenx=4 fA) = 1001204)? — 45(47 + 264(4)] = 46400 Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 “The volume of water at any time is: yet Beye Zey Saha By ratlo and propertion: = 275 2-Bixnyp Vie X y/ayy=— Vo ap ONY SOIUTION 2.43 Vinay ans We Raye ae When y=4 ft, dy/dt=2 ft/min, av. LS Fe ae OQ) = 628 fefmin ‘The curvature of the function y ~ f(x) et any point is given by: [4+Q)T 16 299 «16 ven (8 y = 8/81 By’ x oa, y'~ 0) — aaas is a+ayTr? SOLUTION 2- 44 = 0.0412 ee Curvature, k= fx) = 100(2:9 — 4532 + 264x) Differentiate the given function and equate to zero: (3) = 100(6x2— 90x + 264) = 0 6x" - 90x + 264 = 0 -15r +44 =0 (1x4) xellandr=4 When x=11 G1) = 100201 - 45(11)2 + 264@11)] = 12,100 Part1 Differential Calculus 53 ‘Thus, the membership is smallest (relative minimum) ‘when x= 1and that is in 1986, ‘The membership is largest (relative maximum) when x= and thatisin 1979, From the figure shown, dy when x= 2:m (200 cm) By Pythagorean Theorem: 500? =3? x 2, ae at at fa00? xj = 2eis t= ay =200(2) at F300? =2607 ay Boa 79en op = -7em/s ‘Therefore, the upper end moves down at therate F179 cay ie yee we me dy weet Ge Ema a= (Gay = (ae 6 When t=3.sec: a= [36G) +16 =18.44 mys?Part 54 it SOLUTION 2-75 Ans: A SOLUTION 2 - 46 Ans B ential Calculus Engineering ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 Par U3) a Differentiate & set dd/dy to ze10: pret yrdandx-2 @= (2-424 (4-272 828 units 05 h 4/ Reieye1« 0105 | 05h y= Fh Res Ree v= Be + Rr) . v= rao: | t Fe +unsna) +14 ee oa z v= ¥ oorseasi6 + 0750+) i th WY = Fig oses7s 124075143) db 3 At a 2 joosos7s (1.2)*+ 0.75 (1.2) +31(0012) aig, 0.05 mys Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 SOLUTION 2-47 Aas; A SOLUTION 2-48 Ans: A Part Diferemia cleats — 5S ‘Another Solution: ‘Toavoid complicated variable relationship, the tank may be considered as a cone with dimensions shown, v= fn(0105Hp Ht v= 0016362 F° av ai = iP Sr 7 o039087 HP t.ne 3 few oh + chorea ma 4 frire eee 3 fs Injul +c 6. f utc Trigonometric Functiona E [eeyere cosudu = sinu+C Se ftanude ©In|secu | +CPart2 Engineering S58 integral Calculns Mathematics Vol. 2 —_———_—_——_ —— 10, [eotwde = In|sinw | +c M1, fsecudu =In|seeu+tanu | +C f 13. [sccutanudu =secu+C 12. lescudy =tnleseu-cotu | +C Injeseut cotu [+c 44, lescucotudu =-cscu +c 15, [scc? udu = tanu+C 16, |esc? udu =-cot x + Inverse Trigonometric a7, Functions 18. 9. yu’ 20, |aresinur du varcsinutyi-u? +C arctan u- Invi? 21, arctan du = ‘Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 Part2 Inegrd Caleulas 59 Hyperbolic Functions Other Functions 22, (sinhudu = cosh v+C 2 fiosmudu sinha 24, ftanhudu =Incosh u+C 3, fora =In|sinh 2] +C 26, fechhuds tha 27. fesch*udu =-coth u + C 26 fovicontane sssechurc 29, leschwcothudy = -eschu + C = sinh 440 us = cosh 14 4+Cu>a>0 31 ai oace 4 eoth #4, 32 a =tnjut fete | +cs Part 2 Part 2 Engineering Engineering nt? 6 GO integral Caloulus Mathematics Vol. 2 ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 Integral Calculus Wallis Formula a, firiest a* (wr orn Bort) where: ‘= £/2wvhen both m and 1 are even = 1 ifotherwise tn Gen = positive integer, not equal to EXAMPLES ue wx [Panta OB <8 oh HO Integration by - Parts 39; fu = av- fea a [io aty= DVN 5 OME! ! eal 5 sue 8 ri Some integrations may be simplified with the 3 sat ecost dy < OOM, 8 Beedle fellowing substitutions , Sint 2608) a pein 5S 1, Ifan integrand contain Va=*? , Praulle Iatepation a ate a substitute = asin? @ ee fre a f y | ¥ d contain Va+x? , substitute x?=a tant 9 = [OM ae [Bee -[ aioe ee 3. [fan integrand contain J substitute x? =a sec More generally, an iniegrand that contains one of the forms Yat? , yartx , or Vix*=a but no other irrational factor may be transformed into another involving trigonometric functions of a new arable as follows: Toobin Ya fizsin?0 = Si cos tr] = ; ly? + 6y' +12y)dy 33 ay «|Part2 Engineering 62 integral caleulas Mathematics Vol. 2 —_—_—<—<—<—<————————— oe Ex. 6: fffioe = ie Ji dyax lj a lene aiore Ex. 7: f sin xdx Let v= x, do=sinxds, v=-cosx fue =~ foes fone =x: fons =-xcosstsinx+ C frown Let u=x, du= dx cos 2x dy, 9 = (1/2) sin 2 frome =x (1/2}sin 2e- Jarzsnere =Yaxsin 2x + Mecos 2+ C pha Smet Bed [ eh Letz=x+1 x=2-1 x= dz Change the limits: 0; Engineering Part2 Mathematics Vol. 2 Inteyal Calculus 63 Pepowowatte Sobsitation Lets? =4 tan? 9 x=2lan0 dx=2se 00 ax 2sect Odd (eatiatl etter J 500 4g tan? 0 for ecosouo= Pa mnoexe z asi From the right triangle: en (2a? sind= JPart2 Engineering 64 integral Calculus Mathematics Vol. 2 Pe we ate (ee Preto es an Resolve —"— into parial fraction: 1 1 B Fa ae, 2 2 L=Ale+2)+ BE -2) us 1 “Ge PLANE AREAS Using Vertical Strip A= fw -sde yu =A) M.= BG) “ Engincering “Using Horizontal Strip i ' | i By Polar Coordinates Area of Some Polar Curves, | Mathematics Vol. 2 x= oly) k=) Paks fren = Part2, Tnegalcaaas OP! Area = anPart2 Engineering 66 Trregaicaleulus Mathematics Vol. 2 ci ce en a raakend Length = 2ek ‘area = nie Lerath= 2k LENGTH OF ARC (as)? = (di) + uy? - [ rarer eet (de) dy CENTROID OF PLANE AREAS ineerin| Part 2 pcscinatie 2 ral Calculus 67 Se Using Horizontal stip Are [a Using Vertical Strip Centroid of Parabolic Segment & Spandrol 3 ree Ay Noa oe a ~~ 3 / MOMENT OF INERTIA OF PLANE AREAS (FIRST MOMENT OF AREA) 3 p= on ** 70 1 Aspntnt= 3bPart 2 Engineering GB incegral Caloulus Mathematics Vol. 2 —— ee Polar moment of j-th Inertia Product of inertia ty= foun Mass Moment of Problems. concerned with the rotation of solid Inertia. bodies involve the mathematical expression fr = which is known as the moment of inertia of a body, also called the mass momen! of inertia because the ration W/ is widely known as the mass of a body. Solid Right Cirelar Cynder t= LM; M=mass;r= radius + Hallow night iclar Cyne re} M(e-r); R= ouorrdiae inner radius y Uniform Slender Rod <1MR; be ' ij W=AMb; ly Spherical Shell yean radius Teor: Engineering Part2 69 Mathematics Vol. 2 Integral Calculs Tight Circular Cone 3 2Mr; r= dius Mr; r= base ra Right Elliptical Cylinder PROPERTIES OF Tecanae COMMON SHAPES me HEE yi Aveo=Vh a Dusnereile Je fy = 0055470 Part2 Integral Calculus Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 Ellipse bly @ none ‘Area = fab nab? Fair enpse ae val WS Se ti? Pr ie SHE acta ie ‘ I= OD5506° ty = 0.055b00 Sacorafa aie Tanbalisnegment Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 Partz Inregrtcatentus 22 P)= Pe rind a i= E@. on29) > Z(osisin20) SPANDREL | Segre ora (00) = 270 ie an When 8= 90" (semicircle) SOLIDS OF REVOLUTION Volume Using Circular DiskPart2 Engineering TZ invegral Calculus Mathematics Vol. 2 aE ——— — os flee) Volume Using Hallow Cylindrical Shell ve faex.tuy-voe % or v= Peay tee 47 ‘Engineering Part2 gy Mathematics Vol. 2 Integral Caloulis ‘Surface Area AS fre ds= f1+ Gx /ay ords= 14 (dy /dx) VOLUME OF OTHER SOLIDS WITH KNOWN CROSS SECTIONS a= bs CENTROID OF i VOLUME oy V¥e~ [ew whore Y= total volume ofthe body dVr Ady A=f)“Engineering Fart2 7g Mathematics Vol. 2 Integral Calculus WORK Constant Force The work done by a constant force F acting over a directed distances along a straight line i: ; Work= Force x distance = Fx<3 Work undor : Variable Force Work= Jin or Work = [row connie The conical tank shown cantans liquid of unit weight 7. Find the work to empty the liquid at a Poift 2th above he top of thetark. By Integration: Work = firs P= UW=ydV=ynedy 2=12-yPart2 76 Inegalcalenis have dbay x (O5yP dy= 0.25 m7 98dy Work = fost ”) 12547 fev -y Hy I: Work Work = 0257 |4y? By Formula: Work = Fxs F= force = total welght of liquid in the tank Gistance from centrotd ofthe Nga pot of exit F=Weight =7 «Volume 1 128% parce ye emt Fore= yx 5 14)*@)= s=6m Werk = BEL 5 ~ 256ry ‘The work done in stretching a spring of natural Work required to st length Lftom a 0 xeis: Stretch a Spring jt Mathematics Vol. 2 Work in Winding upaLoad lw a Part 2 incegr Calculus 77 Work= £4 (t2? 4) where k= spring constant or stiffness in N/m If load P is to be wind-up by a flexible rope or cable having a uniform macs anc length L, the work done is Work = PL+1V(L/2) We weight ofthe rope or cable P=loadai the end of the rope oreablePart2 Engineering 7B Invegral Calculus Mathematics Vol. 2 Problems - Set 3 Integration PROBLEM 3-1 Integrate: (78144 34) dv ME April 1997 Pouce ° Bee! 3 3 Bde a8 PROBLEM 3 * CE Nay 1959) Evaluate [2 Brea A. din @x+2)4C B, 4ln @r+2)+C © Pin@rta+c D.2inGr+24¢ PROBLEM 3-3 CE yee Evaluate the integral of e'”"” 2x dx. AS *G Cone TAD 8 etc D, 2xe" +C PROBLEM 3-4 ‘What is the integral of cos 2x etn? dx? CE May 1995 ane Caer ec Bema) 240 D, ante 240 PROBLEM 3 -5 A, seex tC Coste Bi sinx+C D.sinn te PROBLEM 3-6 Integrate xcos (212 + 7) dx. ME apn 1398 Arvsin@e+7)+C © Yecos @2+7) BL sin (22+ 7)+1C D. Wlsin-6) @2 +7)+C PROBLEN 3 -7 Evaluate [Pete A. Ingositna) + © ‘tan? (In ay $C D, fan (inxyP + Engineering Patz 79 Mathematics Vol. 2 Integral Calculus Troon s-6 Evaluate [owrtesiones Avsing (L-Insins)+C C. sinx(Insinx-1)+¢ B, sinx(U+Insinz}+C Din vsing +C PROBLEM 3-9 ‘CE May 1992 Evaluate forrinscouo A. 2(ln see a +c © A dnsec 9) + B. nsecoj?+C 1D. tan sec 0)2+C PROBLEN 3-10 nib Beatie [= i AMINA) AC Cw (eR tC B, In(e?)+C D. arctan (e") +0 PROBLEM 3-11 Eyaluate Inv’ See A, atesee (Ina) +C © infant +¢ B. F[(nx)'-1f9 + D, aresin (Ina) +C PROBLEM 3-12 ae valuate [= "te, wie [he A SESH +7In (e246 Bt 5 Faxnin fet 2 +e G dx-Tln(e+)+C DS +t tdr-in(r+2+C PROBLEM 3-13 Evaluate [2 —ae. oad Aberin(e+D+C Cing@r+c Bet-infetijytC De tin(et +cPart 2, Engineering BO integral Catculus Mathematics Vol. 2 PRON 11 Evaluate [24 E43) A 3ina(x+3)+C ¢ In +€ In x( ) hn B, din ad D.Ina(x+3)+C PROBLEM 3-15 Evaluate theintegral ofx sin 2x dx. ¥ con ae+ bein e+ A, Rees e+ Pein det B, -Scos 2v Eats Latoes © Feos2y- Sainge te £ i , =F cos be + Laine D, ~Heos2r+ Paine +e PROBLEM 3-16 PRODLEM 3-17 PROBLEM 3 = 18 ECE Nov. 195 PROBLEM 5-39 CE Nov, 1599) Evaluate Josret B.e(cosstsiny)+C D. of Gosr+sinx)+C Bvalate fans. A, arctanx = infix? +¢ B arctan +2 In 1 +2) +C © rarctans- Inara? +C D. xareans-2in (+x) + Integrate the square root of (10s x) dx A. AT cosx+C C.2sing +¢ Baietvc vFeti-c Evaluate the integral of x cos 2r 2 with limits from 0 10, 2/4. A. 0143, e014 8 0.258, D, 0186 Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 Frome s 20 ay 1997 PROBLEM 3-21 CE Nov. 1995 PROBLEM 3 - 22 CE May 1996 PROBLEM 3 « 23 CE Nov 1997 similar 0 CE Nov, 1994 PROBLEM 3-24 CE Nov. 1993 PROBLEM 3 - 25 Nay 1058, CE Nov. 95 & May 96 PRODLEM 3 = 26 ECE apa 1998 PRODLEM 3-27 CENov. 1996 PROBLEM 3-28 CE May 1999 | Part integalcalcuhis 32 Tratunte He mtegalora geo) wit iis om toe ‘A, 81/182 C, 83/132 B. 82/182 D, 84/182 ie Evaluate the integral of fF it has an upper limit of CD ss ‘Land a lower limit of ‘A. 0,022 B 0.056 ©, 008 D, 0.031, Find the intogral of 12 sin® x cos? x dr if lower limit = 0 ‘and upper limit = x/2, AOS C06 B08 D.04 Using lower limit = 0 and upper lfmit= 1/2, whatis the integral of 15 in 7x &? A, 6.783 1B. 6.857 ©, 6618 D650 Evaluate the integral of 3 (Gin 2)49 dx using lower limit of Cand upper limit = 5/2. A20 2 G14 Biz 5.23 Evaluate the inegral of 5 cost x tnt x dr using lower limit = 0 and upper init = 6/2 A. 0.5046 soos C, 0.6107, B. 0.3068 D. 0.4105, Evaluate the integral cos*3A dA from0 t0 3/6. ‘A. 350/768 ©. 278/363 B 232/765 D. 125/81 Eveluate the integral of @x? 4 9y') ax dy if the interior iit tas an upper limit of y anc a lower Linit of 0, and whose cuter limit hasan upper limit of 2 and lower limit of © 4.10 C30 B40 D2 Evaluate [fe Vydedy A, 35/2 e17/2 B, 19/2 D.37/2Part2 BZ integral Calculus PROBLEM 3-2 TE April 1997 PROBLEM 3 - 30 PROBLEM 3- M1 CE Noy, 2002 PROBLEM 3 - 32 CENov. 2001 PROBLEM 3-33, PROBLEM 3-34 PROBLEM 3-35 PROBLEM 3 = 36 Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 Evaluate the double integral of sin war du, the limits of yt eae Ee is from 0 to pi, B ifs Dafa Evaluate I | fea. Aus ei B78 3.1/6 Determine the value of the integral of sin x dx with Tits rom Oto 9/6 ‘ 0273 B bir D.0a88 Evaluate the integral of x cos (4x) dr with lower limit of Oand upper limit of 1/4. AVS. c.1/16 B 4s D.-1/16 It is known that fs) = 4 when x=2. What is the yalue of fis) when x =0. Je) = Joe =7x)ax a2 co BB D6 Evaluate A, 6.667 i © 4667 B 5333, D 7333 m/min’, Its velocity after 1 minute is 11 aah Find distance traveled after 4 minutes. ‘A. 135m Cizim B. 185m D. 156m ‘The value of ee S24 sis losestto A. 23 G15 BI D.32 Engineering ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 ANSWER SHEET POOMMMOOOOe DQADVPODOAD ADD DODOOGSOEGO POMOM HOMO PEMQOMOOOD HHAD ED AGH ED MSH EP o> OAM IPM MMO OS QOCQMOGECQOQQ OOOOH GOOHDE| | OO@dOQOOO@de aad POP AMDAOIAD PQDOODOOCOE EDAD GH.AD ED THE GH CDAD | H THAT ETD TH IDEN GY GD POOMMowe oer DOOMED ADO 6. | |] E> Ed Dd @ POOOGGOOGOCOO|| COGDGOOCCOO DOOM MOMO Her IP EDED EDAD HOPED HOV PQQMQQEQEEOAM PRIME Eorer o> BOGOCHCOOE|| OOOOHDOQOCO eareneanara ap.am| | arene apap amaper are POMOC OOOOPart2 Engineering 84 integral Calculus Mathematics Vol. 2 Solutions to Set 3 Integration SOLUTION 3-1 i Tee x? +43tar = SOULITION 3-2 a ais Ainax+a)+c SOLUTION 3-3 i ans: © eh ox dy From f = x241; du = 22 a (OK) du e+ Savdx =e +C SOLUTION 3-4 seh (cos2x)e" de from [estar u=sin 2x; du = 2.cos 2x dx (OK) fcrzaynr ae =e ft aconanae = enn /2+C SOLUTION 3-5 Ans: B fostiosinxee SOLUTION 3-6 ios xcos(2s? +7)dx = foser 4+7)\4x0t) =VsinQe+7+C Engineering Part 2 ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 IncceralCaleulas 99 ay joe From foretictn (eure ueinx, du 2 (OK) fa@e = Juncnn = Injsec (inx)]+C x z SOLUTION 3-8 mas ¢ [oceonmannae From fiona sulnu u=sin x; du= cos xdz (OK) [ocenieesienae =sinx in (sinx)-sinx+C ~sinx (Insinx -1)+¢ isd fionoinscoae From fra aoe = tan 0149 (OK) foros = Jorsssmenoa = 1Alln sec 0) + C SOLUTION 3-10 ei Ans D ie Tre™ From, dus dz (OK) [= arctan (e)+CPart 2 BG incegralCateutos SOLUTIONS -11 Ans: SOLUTION 3-12 ARSC SOLUTION 3.13 Ars: B Engineering ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 eee J ae ins’ y(inay?-1 J xlnzy(ina)? a = aresee wt C ix inva) x [x (OK) = aresec (In x) + C Hi ors First we divide x +1 by x+ 2: waored x+2)Pe1 Lis ix eet -In (ett 1) +C Engineering SOuorions 1 Ans C SOLUTION 3-15 Ans: D "SOLUTION 3-16 Ans A Mathematics Vol. 2 Part2 inegalcas 84 Resolve into pattial fraction. 3053) See ae x@xa) x x8 3=Ale+3)+Bx 3=A0+3)+200);A=1 3=A(3+3) +83) part (Me peated nae {Js le a) Ins=in@+3) See ain Using integration by parts vax dy = sin 2x ar t= de y= theos2x femesn esters [Lace + Hentee Tanai re Using integration by parts use dy =sin-xdy du = er dy y=-cosx frome =e (os) fone fe scons conn Applyinginegroon by prt tof use dy = cosxdr dus ed v=sinx framets seca teine: forseePart2 BB integral Calculus aes SOLUTION 3 -17 ‘sai © SOLUTION 3 - 18 Nas: B SOLUTION 3-19 ‘Ans: 2 frsiotee westesine é et sind = S(sin.x-c0sx) +C Using integration be parte: w= arctan dx OO Tee fosoonae forsansae = yarctan r-¥% In (1 +22) +C fostorsas ~soutane-inftr v¢ [ieee Note: sin (x/2) = /(@=cosx)/2 VT=cosx = V2 sin (x/2) [irene . fests aie xdx ra [mee = 22 cosy +C ni iseaea Using integration pas wax dv = cos 2xdx du=dx v="Asin2x Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 Engincering Part2 go "Mathematics Vol. 2 Integral Calculus pice wa a ficoasis . | xsin2s| xasir 2x) i 3 [ Einasay 2 2/8 = [Besar oosae] Note; 1/4 =45" = |- sin 45") Zeos@-45)] zi [Foane-c)+Fome0)| = 03927 -025 = 0.1827 SOLUTION 3-20 Using integration by part: Tet doe (e-5)tdr v= Eh -5 fw uo fo [eon [eons I; =x du = de Bear: [e-ore Xe .9.e-sy | Aeon sionays | 12 fos, [Ga] aoe - 53 182,Part2 Engineering 90 integral Calculus Mathematics Vol. 2 Suns aT ns oat f wey By algebraic substitution: Let ext ljx=u-l dr Limits: Whenx=1;1=2end when x=0;4=1 SOLUTION 4-22 By Wallis! Formule Ans: A v fr = 2 O@MWON 12sin? xcos? xdv F 10(8)(6)(4)(2) SOLUTION §-23 By Wallis’ formula: ou i [isn saens 88 857 i 7 SOUTION S24 twa z Ans: A Ssin’vde =3—-(0 f an SOLUMION 9-25 By Walls Forme ek Sty itvap) AV = 1036-24292 + Ax) de Yer (as-a1/? mye ver ber-t60)? sai V= 169.646 cu. units In Bq. (1) 169.616 Xo= fre 24x)? 4ax)de Engineering Part 2 “Mathematics Vol. 2 IntezralGaleuus 207 169.646 Xo= Joona? ote an fer -es7 ge) Xo =1 8 units Thus, the centroid is at (18,6) Hoitmon 17 dV ~natdy ' says AV = nl yli)Pdy = ny Piay vers Want y iP dys nytdy Benz v= [rytw =24[" forrw 26 ie 2 28 v= Se(agy2—0)= 28 neu, unis rey We fe A Pra) Yo = 9.6.units ‘Thus, the centroid ofthe solid isat (0, 9.6) VY¥o= fiw “SOLUTION 4-18 Ans D V= 3x (85-0)Part LOB integral Calculus Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 eee SOLUTION 4-19 Ans SOLUTION 4-20 Ans: Veer Ba Yor furry Fs [res = [iv] $e Yo=r} (89-0): ¥o=5 ‘Therefore the centroid is at (0, §) 1 fre A= (1-x)dy yore revs A= (1-14) dy ly ay? ayy (ea ‘The work done ie ee Work = kx? 1 lengh Cs Solve fork, from 6=K(11 8) k= 2N/om ‘The work done to stretch a spring of natural length 8 cm, from 10 em (x1 = 2) to 1Sem (x3 +5) is Work = Vk (az? ~ x1) = ¥4 (2 N/em)(S -29 err? Work = 21 Neem = 0.21 Nan ecring DUTTON 4-20 ins: D ithematics Vol. 2 Part2 IntegralGateuius 209 Work= force « distance dW=dFed de=ya¥ dE = 800 rath d=8-h #/h= 2/5) x= 2H/5 dF = 8)0nQh/5)tah P= 128R hi dh a= 1288 dx @-H) N= 1285 (81-13) dt We 128" Jor =i) ~1,[8 we a 8 = 2,667 kg-m Another Solution: Work = Force x Distance Force = Weight =7 V Force = 800 x + n(2)?(5) = 5909.29 Kg Distance =3+1 Work = 5333.33n (4.28) = 22667 kg-m AW= dP xd de=ydV dP = 624 (r(4)%di] dP = 998.4r dh AW = 998.4r.dhi (i) 2 W= 99845 fea 1 Famer We 998.4% | W~ 4992s (10'-13) W=49a2inft1bPart 2, Engineering LLO integral Calculus Mathematics Vol. 2 ‘Nnother Solution: Work = Force x distance Force = 7 V= 62.4 x(4)! ) Force = 8985.6r Its. Distance = 1 + ¥4(9) Distance= 5.5 ft Work = 8985.6n (5.5) ~ 49421n ft-1b SOLUTION 4-25 W=Fxd Aas: 8 ae Vt of load + wh. of chain F=500-+48 '= (800 + 4x) de w= [orton Be We | s00r- 4 [a0] | w= [500.20) + 2(20)) i= 103800 kg-m dW = F dx Wee = 15 Ut (1 kp/lit)=15 kg We unr 15(1/2) = 7.5 kg, i Rate of leak = (7.5 kg/30 m) ad Rateog leak = 0.25 kg/m P= We of chain + wt. of liquid ite eae F=(G0 a)08) = (3-025) ; lag a P= 15-050 + 15- 0.25% cy pes peace AW = Q0-0.75r) dx versie Basie [oo O75s\dx Feicorsiom e w- [po ont] W'= [900 - 075(20);/2] W 5025 kg-m Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 SOLUTION- 25 dS=odi=ain (xljal ans: ‘3 i 2 Ss fue ~ [Festa hie e ya 5 =-{1/n) [cos (n/2)~cos {n/4)] Part 2 Integral Calcuhis 5 =-(1/|(cos O0°- eos 45°) = 0.2951 SOLUTION 4 6, Anes Gen2y; ne an@-y=x+e >a) When 0, y= 6 (Substitute to Eq.1} -In(2-8)=0+¢; €=In(-6) When x= In @) Substitute to By, Anz yet) 1513) In@-yt= wa ie vi yes SOLUTION 4-27 x=2)-2sin0; y=2~2e080 Ans: A Note. ‘This curve isa cycloid where 2 is the radius of rolling circle and 9 is the angie of rofation (0° - 360° for one ar) Length of are, $= | hs a= @-2c050)d0 dy =2 sin 00 1) sn yall ces) 111 a radusof ong de (02 ange of rtaion| cycLoID yeloid (5 ame eee Sara oneal cof SE : oT sin doPart2 Engineering VIZ treegesl calculus Mathematics Vol. 2 “© [sin? 0-}1—2c0s04 cos? @ |) c/n One aoe De conte Gat [ yo ae but sin?) + cos @=1 $-2 [e220 = 2h “Engineering but f= eas0 = V2 sin? oa¥e [eran Paes [oan 5 a2 | snk te af ou slopes = alec cat Se alla os SOLUTION 4-29 “Ang A S16 Note; The length of one arc of CYCLOID with parametric equations x= a(0 -sin 9) and y = «(1 ~cos 8) is 8a, SOLUTION 4-28 Work= force x distance d= dF d "SOLUTION 4-30 se) Inthe figure skown: | Sees hw = 5h/12 AB = 62An5H/12)? dh AP = 34.034 i2 dhs AW 34.034 1? ah x (12) ~ 34.084 (1202-19) W= 38.034 oat to = 2103i[° a i W=34034 [ar =] =58,810075 ft-lb Mathematics Vol. 2 Part2 443 Integral Caleulus ‘Another Solution: Work force Distance Force= Weight Force=y V= 624% x(5)?(12) Force =19,603.54 Ibs Distance = distance from centroid fof volume to point of exit Distance = (12)=3 m Work = 19,608.54 (3) = 53810.6 ft-lb he fra . tine Ean x/A Point of intersection: 2e-y=O:y= 2x x=tyory=1 y pe = 0.7071 Se y~ 14142 PA. (Q7071, 14142) Aye BOOTY A142) Ads te fw-moe wie V/ene0 es [Coe = ow Iw Az= In (6)-In (0.7071) = 2.138 BRA SAT 2 GSt oa aPart2 Engineering 124 iniegrat Calculus Mathematics Vol. 2 SoLunioN | ar . Ans D A= 4 [cos 180° - cos 60°] A= 6 square units SOLUTION 4 32 Ans: A a= a2 1d to= (+12 dt B: fle SOLUTION 4 - 33 (6/s))- SGP =6/5y1 A~378 184-532-686 00, units Engineering Part2 ays ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 Integral Calculus ‘Anather Solution (53) A= 40.208) +14(1.2)(1.2) +300 -2O@) A=6.86sq, units G 4 Go) a 2 SOLUTION 4-34 Be Work = Force » Distance Force ~ Weigh: of waler = yoate™ Volume Force = 081) [24 iy] 95,5035 4N Distaree=/i= 08 ty {y= centroid of Hemisphere from the top = 34/8 =3(1.2)/8 = 45 m Distance =0.8 + 0.45 =1.25 m Work = 35.5035 x 1 25 = 4.98 kN-m-= 44.38 kj] SOLUTION 4-35 ‘Ass: B Work = 60(100)(15 + 50) Work = 390,000 N-mEngineering Part2 947, ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 Integral Calculas SorutioN a 38 : at AS few ~ Wide yd Part 2 1G ticegrl Calculus FOIUTION’ 36 Ans D cos? 2 = Leos 5, 2 avn An[2-0}+[e? ” SOLUTIONS-39 peaqa- } “sour r=4(1-sin@®) cardio [c covts)ie = % [r-dene] flab -()} ‘ SOLUTION 4-37 ns: B seafo scot jek? ve [fege7Pae (fee e 8 = 8/2) = cos 8} ~[en/2) +008 (909 5 le/2) x cos 0) —[-/2) “05209 Note: For the following cardioid ' a pe [ Bee ay [eer A ope read +sind) mall sec80) Or’ 3} ‘Area = 1.510?) Perimeter = 2na aes sees 2 apspe]® 1 3)" Ss} E44 ox2/9 | = [44907 lo TABQ oops] = Llacaany' {f+997]/* [240Part 2 Engineering 116 ineegral Calculus Mathematics Vol. 2 SoumoNa 0 ‘Aas: i 6-8 (y= 2) Vertex at (0, 2) open down tA, Pex d8 wy +f) yi i e yrs am a as= fis easy ae (Irae a dAy=2nx fit ge ex ana fives? vex an(-8) [eveyone Aco ten 2 [ever Nall aoe Balrenco'? (207 | 61,27 sq. units ds= Engineering Fart? 449 ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 Differential Boutin Pani DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION DEFINITIONS. contain Differential equations are equations th 12e and y” differential coefficients. Example dy/ dx + Dry -y= 0: Differential equations are classified according to the highest derivative that occur in them ‘The differential equation dy/de = 2x ic a first order differential equation and the equation y/ds + 4dy/dx ~ Sy = 0 is a second order differential ‘equation, A solution to a differential equation that contains one ‘or more arbitrary constants of integration is called general solution. When additonal information is given so that these constants may be calculated the particular solution of differmtial cquation is cbiained. Tho additional information. is called boundary conditions, VARIABLE SEPARABLE A. Differential Diffeiential equations of type dy/dx = fix) can be equations of type solved by direct integration by wiiting itin the form dyldx = f(x) ers Sols $-1 Solve the differential equation dy/de= 2¢ + sin3x Satioe dy = (2x + ain 3a) de y=22- (1/3) cos 3x+ C (general solution)Part 2 LLB gregral Calculus SoummoNa = y= 16=8y Ans C x= 8Y-2) — Vertexat (0,2) open down t ate S is~ fac) ee fing ae nx fbx? de a [Pee ‘As 2n(-8) |(teqex?} (ede antes 2[len P| aA, Mathematics Vol. 2 gineering Parts ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 Dilferential Equation 219 Part 3 DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIO DEFINITIONS Differential equations are equations that contain differential coetficients. Example dy/dx = 12xand y" +2e/-y=0, Differin! equations are castifed according to the highest’ devivative that oucurs in theme The ferential equation dy/ée = 12x le a fist order differential equation and the equation @y/ax? + Ady/dx - 3y = 0 is a second order differential equation, A solution toa differential equation that contains one or more arbitrary constants of integration is called general. solution. When additional Information is given so that these constants may be calculated the Particular solution of differential equation. is, obiained. The additional information’ is. called boundary conditions, VARIABLE SEPARABLE A. Differential Differential cquations of type dy/ax = fx) can be equations of type solved by cirect integration Ly wittng it the form yidx = fix) Sate Evamile 3-1 Solve the differential equation dy/dr = 2x + sin 3x Solution iy = Qx + sin 3s) de y~x1-(1/8) cos 3x+C (general solution)Parts 120 Sffecential Equation B. Differential equation of type dyldx = fly) Biamele 3-2 Soletise C. Differential equation of type dyldx= fx) gly) D. Differential ‘equation of type dQidi = kQ Stenple 3-3 + Sabutn Engincering ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 Differential equation of type dy/dr ~ fW) can be solved by direct integration by writing itin the form aly fy Solve the equation (i? - 1) dy/de = 3y, given that y = ‘when x = 13/6. romps (> ta Iny #C (general solution) el 6 ole When x= #,y=1 then: #.4ing) +c c-2 sin 'y +2 (particularselution) 6 Differential equation of type dy/dx-= fs) g(y) can be solved by direct integration ky writing it in the form ‘The general solution of an equation of the fort dQ/dt=hQis whete Cis constant Solve the equation dy/ di = 3y a= ty, Qay, 5 aes a then y= Ce Engineering Mathematics Vol.2 HOMOGENEOUS FIRST ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION Esamele 5-4 Steen Part 3 Differential Equation 224 Some fist order diferental equation are ro ofthe VaHable-ceparable typo but can be made separable by changing the varisbe, Differential equatons in the font Pily/ds = Q, where P and Q ave functions of both r anit y of the same degiee throughout, is Said to be homogenecus inane To solve these types of equation, the following procedures may be cone: 1. Rearrange tho equ QP 2 Substitute y= from where dy = eds +xdo 3, Substitute both y and dy to the original equation and senirate variables. 4, Solve using the previous methods and substitute v= ¢/x to’ solve in terms of the original variebles tion into the form dy) dz = Solve the equation; (x!-xy +y) dx xy dy=0. ‘The coefficients are of he second degree. Lety= or dys de+xdy then (12-204 o8A)te- vo(e de + xd) =0 Removing 2 (1-04 09) drip deta de-vde tolde svt dy-veao=0 (t-v)de-ur do 0 Seperating variables (ral Integrating: Tneterin(e-1)ninc ¢ x01) In Finally, substituting 0 * y/ xty/x-t)el*=C or (y=a)ell! = CPart 3 122 pitfeential Equation LINEAR FIRST ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION Eeimble 3-5 Selatan LINEAR SECOND ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 The equation in the form dy/ax + Ty = Qwhere P and @ ate functions of x only 15 called Untear differential equation since y and its derivatives are of the first degree. The solution for dy/dx + Py = Q is obtained by multiplying throughout by an integrating factor el to become yel™ al gue Solve the equation ity + Axy dx = 2x di. Rearrenging: idy/dz +4 Pear and Q= 2x ene es fe =e ol oa Dede then rom ye!" ye Integrate the right sidé to get yew ~Few ac Equations in the ferm a(e®y/dv2) + B(dy/dx) + oy = 0 where @ b and c are constants, is called a linear second order differential equation with constant coefficients. Setting D = d/ay and D» ix, the following lure: procedures may be followe 4. Write the equation in D-operator form (aD? + BD toy =O. substitute mfr D and solve the auxiiaty equation? fon +c 0 for m. A Ifthe roots are eal and different (#2 > 4ae) say m= @ and mi =f, then the general solution is yaAe +Be™ ‘Engineering ‘Mathematics vol. 2 Fart3 a9q Differential Equation Evangle 9-6 Sela EXACT DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION Eaanple 3-7 Solotion where A and Bare constants B, IF the roots are real and equal (}? = 4a:), say 1h = cetwice; the general solution is y=(Ar+Bje" . lf the taots are imaginary (I < ae), say yn = ct fi the general solution is uy v=e"(C cospr+Dsinix] Solve the equation 2eFy/de) +5(ly/é3) 3 =0 Writing in D-operator form: (@D*-+5D -3)y = 0 Substituting m for D gives the avwiliery equal 2h + B= 4 = O which cn be factored as =H +3) = 0, and the roots are m = 1 and m = -3. Since the roots are real and different the gorctal solution isy= Act! + tel with arm Yeard 0 = 3 then the general solution is y= Ae"/* + Be" Differential equations of form M(x, y)dx + N(x v)dy = aie said to be exact if HSA aan au aw ee Solve the equation: (x 4y+ 6) dr + (x 2y-5) cy =0, Check for exactness: ae on oy an on ee ye ye % (2x 4y +6) de + (4x 2y- Dede Fy de + Gx + Ax cyPart 3 124 differential vation BERNOULLI'S EQUATION TYPE FINDING THE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION FROM AGENERAL SOLUTION Esanple 3-8 Sele Erample 3-7 Engineering ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 Dee oy dys bax 3 dy PAW de x ay) =O Note: y dr + xdy = dlxy) Integrate: yh 6-54 4xy=C 4y Equations of type 2 + Pe) y = Qley! has a ten foe de general solution of wherev. Ifn=1, the solution is Iny fio-na =< ‘To find the differential equation when the general solution is given, differentiate the general solution, Gifferentiate the derived solution, differentiate the second derived solution, etc,, until the number of Gerived equation is equal to the number of independent arbitrary constants; finally eliminate the constants from the derived equations. ind the differential equation of x8 + y?= cx. Isolates: c= ant Differentiate with respect to: a put ee Oat dy -¥" Find the differential equation of ft -a) teay = Engineering ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 Beample 3-10 Solati Evemsle 3-11 Slaton Part3 Diferentisl Equation 225 Differentiate é isolate cz Dix a) + ey = 0 ean 2er-2/¥ Differentiate & isolate ci: a2tO-U=(6-Hiy" wo asy/y +x a ar reyes) Find the differential equation of all ines through the origin, The general solution of all lines through the or “yamx moylx Differentiate avy on SY, ay = ay Find the differential equation of all circles through (0,0) and (2 0). The standard equation of circle is H+ (=H) at (0,0: @-hP+O Ranek -bise Eg. (1) at(2.O: 2-he+O-k=F but ®= +R deg SMSC hed Gotu Dis Bidet Tay Dy + foe +eEngineering Mathematics Vol. 2 Parts L2G Hiferental Equation ory? wu; Differentiate: M2e-242yy]-be dee yy gay 44 8 2a) AV O» y/ly? -38 = 28) +2ylx-1) samale Bole Find the eiffesential equation of all circles of radius 2 Tard centers online = ¥. Sloe ‘The equation of the circle is (x -yk + Y-RP =F and r=1,then fe 02+ (yoP=1 > Eq. (1) a sretyy cy =0 where hy stylsetafi ce : hy InEg.(): sew) [ew] fe a [ tty (wha wi, (two? oy oy Gay pe yaa (dey wt aay sty? But@-y=y=s) yy al= G+ yt SOME APPLICATIONS OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION ‘The rate ct population growth is proportional to the \ Population ul Growth present population P, agp dt =P, ol where P, is the population at time t = 0, Fis Constant. Engineering Mathematics Vol, 2 Part3 Differencial Equation L2T ‘Exponential HQ, Growth and aE Decay -ae" Cooling and Newton's Law of Cooling: Tie surface temperninte of Hoating a cooling body changes at the rate proportional to the Pesolanis difference bettbcen the surface and ambient tenperaitires, at Sy i ) The T-tyet where’ = temperature of he body at any time t,= ambient temperature Flow Problems = Rale of infow —Rate of outflow | dQ. i ne hy, where Q = Concentration oF volume of liquid in the tank atany time sa aH he Continuous ‘Compound Interest E Pep, where P, is the amouint ati = 0 , is the nominal rate ofinterest, and is the amount after time f. “Motion ; 8 Problems Velociy,0 = & Acceleration, « vido =ads itParts 128 pj jiferentialEquation aamale 9-13 Seton Engineeting Mathematics Vol. 2 ‘Newton's Second Law of Motion ito ees ead whereM = mass, F = force ‘A tank contains 400 liters of brine holding 100 kg of salt in eolution. ‘Water containing 125 gf salt pet Titer flows into the tank at the rate of 12 liters. per minute, and the mixtuce, kept uniform by stizrin flows out at the same rate. Tind the amount of salt at the end of 90 minutes. [Let Qbe the amount of sat in the tank atany time, Rate of inflow of salt = 125 g/lit x 12]it/min Rate of infow of ealt = 1.5 kg/min Rate of outflow of salt = (Q/400) » 12 = 0030 (g/l) #0. Rate of inflow - Rate of outflow. dt B =15-0039= (0080-15) When =0 min, = 100 ke Find Q when ¢= 90 minutes lf a. - fi o00-18 Jy - ci |nioas0-15) Jin =f he ‘in [0.03Q- 1.5} -1a{0.03(200) - 1.5] = -0,03(90 ~0) Jn (0.030 -1.5) = 2.2045 0.039 - 1.5 = ¢*8= 0.100808 3.36 kg Engineering Fart3 199 Mathematics Vol, 2 Differential Equation ‘Problems - Set 5 Differential Equation -& Application PROBLEM 5-1 Obiain the differential equation of the family of saight lines with slope and y-intercept equal, Byatt ne fapireaeeeyy B ydy- (e+ 1) a Divdx—(x+ 1d Obtain the differential equation of all straight ines with algebraic sum of the intercepts fixed as k. AL (1+ V)ay"— 3 fy (1-y)(ay’-y)= ky PROBLEM 5-2 B(l-vJay +iaty DA y)Gy+y) = hy PROBLEM 5-3 Obtain the differential equation of all straight lines at a fixed distance p from the ongin. A. (v=)? f+ W)C (ay! =u) pid ty] Boy's y=[1+(y] ©. (ay'-y)e ty] FROBIEMS-4 Determine the differential equation of the family of lines ‘CE May 1997 ‘passing through the origin, i A riy-edenO eres Bl rdk—ydy=0 Dixdx+ydy=0 PROBLEM 5-5 Obtain the differential equation of al circles with center on line y = =r and passing through the origin, A (sda har- Gedy hay BB By- Ode daly © [ety oat) de (eee a D. (+ 2xy — 24) dx + (By — Fly = 0 FROBLEMS-6 Obtain the differential equation of all parabolas with sai raleligtia ae ASR yy” Caye-vy7=0 Baye yy" B2uye-y'y” 20 “PROBLEM S-7 What is the difforential equation of the family of CE May 1996 rabolas having thete vertices ak the’ orietn/ ad thet Fecton the vaxis, © 2dr = yy =0 C. yd +23 dy =0 PROBLEM Obtain the particular solution of cr/dt = -4rt when t=Part3 130 pitferencial Equation PROBLEM 5-9 PROBLEM 5 - 10 PROBLEMS - 11 PROBLEM 5-12 PROBLEM 5-13, PROBLEM 9 - 14 PROBLEM 5-15 PROBLEM 5-16 PROBLEM 5-17 Crete D.r=toe7 Qbiain the general solution of the differential equation sy den (e~ )dy=0 Nem y(e422 Be = axt 2) © etsey(x+2) Di er =2ay(x+2) ‘Obtain the general solution of y'= x94 Awe d+2=0 iC (250 +250 B. we +q-2=0 D. ye +0) - 20 Solve the equation sy dr (e-+2y)2 dy =0 alstpay | CelmeP ity) B elv= cy @-y) Di evyacys(x-1) Obiain the particular solution of (x yeh A P= 2741) B m= ¥y+1) Solve the equation (2x + y) de + (2-1) dy=0. see G yaaa Bo y= ex(c+1)?-2 Diyr exe)? Solve the equation (6x + 1A) dx + y(2s ~9y) dy= A nyp+de pee Cyt ae B yz-axt-y D. av +3e—y Solve the equation (r + sin 8 - e386) dr + (sin B + cos 0) 2-0. A, 24 r(sinO-teosd)=6 B, 2+ 2r (sind -cosd) =c G 1-29 (sin 8- cos) =¢ D, 8+ 2r (Gin + cos0) =¢ Salve (A4y teensy aZryr tne Beye eee Brgy Ta Solve the equation x dy ~y de = 20 dx, Ne GC yanitce Boy=xP +c Diyaxttod Enginecring Mathematics Vol. 2 ‘Engineering “Mathematics Vol. 2 TROSLEN 5-18 PROBLEM 5-19 PROBLEMS -20 PROBLEM 5-21 PROBLEM 5-23, PROBLEM 5-24 PROBLEN 5 Part3 Differential Equation 232 Solve the equation xdy tyde~ Dy de, Avln [xy] =e +c © Inlay) sate Bin|reyj=ete Din }y-u| =2xt+ a Soive the equation + 2 yx6v, z Atys bx +c C¥R= ate Boxe = Sie +c Dvyaxte Solve the equation (33 + 3y) dx- Adasen fe ; iy The differential equation The diiferential equation = ty exact by using the integrating factor: ‘AF Ce B, Af? DAY ye What is not true forthe differential equation y+ v/1 2? A itis linear B, itishomogeneous ©. itisseparable D, itcan be solved using the integrating factore¥/* AA tank contains 400 liters of brine holding 100 kg of salt in solution. Water containing 125 g of salt per liter flows into the tank at the rate of 1? liters por minute, and the mixture, kept uniform by stirring, flows cut at the same tite. Find the amount of ealtet the end of 90 minulea A, 58.96 kg BO Under. certain conditions, cane sugar in water is converted into dextrose at a rate proportional to the amount thal is unconverted ai any time. If of 75 kg at time | = 0,8 ky are converted daring the first 30 minutes, find theamount converted in 2hours, A. 7273 kg, ©, 27.23 kg Bi. 23.27 kg D. 32:72 kg A thermometer reading 18%C is brought into. a room where the temperature is 70°C; 1 minute later the thermometer reading is 31°C. Dotermine the thermometer reading > minules after it is brought into the room.Parts 132 pitferetial Equation PROBLEM 5 -26 PROBLEM 5-27 ECE Aptit 1998 PROBLEM 5-28, ME Oc. 1997 Engineeri Mathematics Vol. 2 Ar 629°C 5655°C B, 58.59°C, D, 57.66°C Sal the agunton hpiwee) 1 Cy aes Belly fafa) =e The equation =r s the general equation of Av =z/y Cy ay/2e B. y =2y/x Diy =5/2y Civ the feling simulans erential eration) Saeatia iia ween =0 Te eae ee cad ‘A. (2/9) {cos E+ (3/2) ~ 3 ef ae OY or » 1/13) 5 G/13 feos G/2.8-6/b0-G/2K1 ANSWER SHEET POMOOOOOOe g g $ g g g g g 8 $ eae eee eee ge coe eee ge coe ae eas POM OOMOOOOE POO LHOMOM ADE PQOECECCOECOO BOHOBOCHOEOS IPP ID. TPL T LD. TY TP POG MOOOOoOe POP POO MODE PMOCPMOCOOOO + Sy! =x) dr + a(+ 2) di HOO OOOCGOS IDE HEED ED EDaDaD D, Sly + dy +x) =e Part 3 Diflerensal Equation Dpestnccasies Vou2 133 {Solutions to Set 5 Differential Equation Application SOLUTION 5-1 The standard equation ofthe nen slope-ntercept frm is y=mx+b Since the slope and y-intercept are equal, m~b= then yrate Isolating constant and differentiate: y eel on Et DMy— yee (x+1) ydx~(x+1) dy =0 SOIUTION 5-2 Tneequation of the line in intercept form is: Z4he1 a0 ecueie re era Differentiate ey >a) ankeay’; Substitutea to Bq, (1): a/0-y)-¥1-v) 5 (-yiey!=y) kyParts 134 prterennal equation Sommnons-3 ‘Ans: A SOLUTION 5-4 Ans: A SousTION 5-5 ‘Ais: D ‘The equation of theline in normal form is: 20) bitrary constant stance of the live from the or Differentiate Eq, (1) cosa+y sina tana =-i/y' From the right triangle shown: sina =-1/ J1+(¥)? cosa=y/ {TAY Substitute sin ct and cos a. to Eq. (1): sy) {isu tut) FOF lap sy-ye af? Square both side: (y= w= pL + WAL ‘The standard equation of the line (slope-intercept form) wi y= +b yesina ose. tea ap ‘ Since the line passet through the origin, b=0 yems;ni= t Diffrenenve: = vee x ‘Thus, the differential equation is: x dy ~y dr = ‘The standard equation of a circle with center a (i) is (x= WP+ Y-H) Whereh =-k fee yay= Since the line passes oe (0, Be Thus; (e+ b2+U-Wi= 28 Pe Dk a = Bly #12 ip dhy Be a Engineering ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 Engineering “Mathematics Vol. 2 SOLUTION 5-6 Ans Fart3 35 Differential Equation Isolating 2 and differentiate ety vor (y=s) Qxdes yy éx) =a) Dey + 2yPdy — DvP — Daly = s8dy + de — yAy +yfdy=0 Dey Dede + wide + yds Dyely Drydy - -yiy=0 (84 tay = rk 9 Dey aAhdy 0 ‘The general solution of all parcbolas with axis parallel to seanisis: (y-K)?=4aix-H) ‘The equation contains three arbitrary constants (i,k, and 4) therefore this should te differentiated three times. ‘solate 42: ( 4e Differentiate and Isolate hr (= Wyk y=") _ 4 hi (WRYG-H1= y-m sone dek, yay eb 2 ay Differentiate and isolate ks ont. 2¥0)-W-R2V) Qy) yf -2u'y-K) ayy? Aly Y= Qo ~ Dy" (y =k) 2y/) A Kh ‘ wy GN pays OE aeParts Engineering 136 pifferential Equation Mathematics Vol. 2 wy ecm wry" onary R- yy” SOLUTIONS -7 The general solution of a parabola with vertex at the GED origin and ea at the x-axisis, y= dav vs yes ¥ Differentiate oe scuty) dx 0 = 2edy-y dx or Oy ds =2e dy SOLUTION 5 - 8 dr/di= Art Ans: D ‘By separation of variables: eo ata 7 Integrating both side: [e-+fe: | rf [EY Inr-Inn= 26 hese, 2 THT. ae jon. aydx~(x +2) dy By separation of variables: at 3-4 xed oy! Ya v Integrating: -2in(t+2)=Iny+inc Inytinc+In (+2)? in fey 2 + 2/2) Ess Engineering ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 SOLUTION 5-10 Bas A SOLUTION 5-11 “Ans C “SoLwTion 5-12 Ans: A Part3 Differential Equation 237 ey = dy] dx By a of variables: xd & YY aya ay ‘x= ayrise tem -S; yt y) yoit+2=0 ‘The given differential equation is homogeneous. Let x= vy then de =o dy + y do ‘yy (ody y co) = (oy = 0) dy vyledy + yde) = (042) dy v(vdy ydo) = (0+ 2)2dy Udy + oy do= (042) ey vy dv= (ot-+40 44) dy -vidy vy dv=A(v + t}dy ‘by separation of variables: sale. wy (ae Integrating: v-in(@@+1)=4 ny # inc ee y, Infevt @/y+ 1) syainlese +) | erney tty) x =2y9. 8 = 4 Ge 299) dy = 2xy ar ‘The given equation is homogeneous: Enxeby de=vdy + yd ‘Then, TBtey2 281 ty= 20 yy + 9 $e Biya ts =9 0)Part3 138 differential Equation Ge ady = a dy + 20y do Gv? = 2)dy -20° dy ~ 2ey de; (v2 ~2) dy = Doy dv ‘Separating variables and integrate: dy, Dude y vy. Iny=In@?—2) Inc; In—4— =Inc Iny=In@=2) rine; In gt det) Since v=x/y ym el(e/y) 2} y= xt -2y2) When x=0,y C=O 261)3], = Thery = W279) apa x28 B= 2y(y +1), SOLITONS. 13 tare (a) dyo0 aus Gay +9) dee (ex) dy Separating variables: yer) det (2-2) a (Qettdr , dy =0 xe-1) 2r4t A, Mea) x ed 2x+1 = A(t=1)+ Be when x=0;4 when x= 1 dele a) ed, ¥e=1) 3 Then, (2 -hyart Hoo x0 a SIn(e=1)-Inx+tiny= Ine iny=Inc+Inx-3In (e-1) Iny~ tn fer(x-1)3] yeexe-1) Mathematics Vol. 2 Engineering SoluTions 14 ea “Mathematics Vol. 2 Part3 Differential Equation 139 Gr pytet yee B)dy= 0 The given equation cannot te separated and is non homogeneous, cece nem Ma 649 OM aM %y N=2ay-344 2-2) remoretmegutoisoe, = Thus; Sommer 20) a and & a dy-37 9G) Integrating (1) F= x? + xy? + fy) >) Fe nO Day tf) =2ay 2? fy) = 39 Sy) =P From Bag Ad sayt- pee Another Solution: Knowing that the equation is exect if can be rearranged (6x +) dx + y(2v~ 3y) dy = 0 (yidr + 2ry) + 6x de = By dy = 0 ap t32-p=c (+ sin - cos 0) d+ rain 0 + cos 0) dd = 0 Check for exactness: M=r+sin9-cosPartS SOLUTION 5-16 ase A 140 itferencist Equation Engineeris Mathematics Vol, andecast eM (octet) rrsind-cos6 > (1) r@ing+cos8) 9 (2) Integrate £9, @): P= recosd+sin) +f) 30) then BF = (cesosin dy f()=rtsind- (2) Subtract (8) x2- (1) x3 Badx/dt +4 dy/dt~2x* 2cost () Gaix/dt-9 dyfdt + 3x ‘TBdy/dt -Sx+3y +2 cost 13 dy/dt dyfdt = (713) (3x~ 3y-3k~2 cost) 5x~3y-3k—2eds ein nae Beecsade voice 147 Part 4 Engincering Mechanics ENGINEERING MECHANIC. Engineering Mechanice is the science whi considers the effects of forces on rigid bodies. The subject is divided into two parts statics ond dynamics, In statics we consider the effects and distribution of forces on rgid bodies which are and remain at rest, In dynamics we consider the motion af sigid bodes caused by the forces ecting upon them. DEFINITION Outline of ENGINEERING MECHANICS Engineering ti Rec sice STATICS Force System Concurrent E Parallel Non-Concurreat Applications Trusses Centroids Friction L_ pynamics Kinematics ‘Translation Rotation Plane Motion Kinetics CasPart3 BAG pytirensial Equation SOLUTION 5-27 Ans C SOLUTION 5-28 Ans € ee A Super en queen peng (dry + Bey? 29) de + (1+ Dey) dy = 0 Rearranging: (by ax + ody) 28 de = Gy de + Day dy) =0 Integrating xly+ sy -x/d=e (dey Fay? a) = General solution: y*= cx To get the differential equation, differentiate once, twice, until the constant c is eliminated, This can be established easily by writing it in the form: Differentiate once: on 2 O= dey) feet ar) ya ype 2idx/dt-Bdy/dt+ x-y=k 20) Bdx/dt+2dy/dt-x+cost=0 > (2) Subtract (2) x2-(1) x3 Gdx/dt +4 dy/dt-2x+ 2051 () 6 dxdt - 9 dy/dt+ 3x 18dy/at x + ay +2cos! 18 dy/dt~5x~3y -3k-2eost dy/at = (3) (5x -3y -3k -2.cos t) Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 Engineering Part4 g47 ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 Engineering Mechanics Part 4 ENGINEERING MECHANIC. Enginecring Mechanics is the scionce which considers the eifects of forees on rigid bodies. The subject is divided inio two paris; statics and dynamics, In. stalies we consider the effects and distribution of forces on rigid bodies which are and remain at rest. In dynamics we consider the motion of rigid bodies catised by the forces acting, upon them. DEFINITION Outline of Engineering Mechanics ENGINEERING MECHANICS | starics Fore Syste E Concurrent Parallel Non-Concurrent Applications fe Centroids Friction '— DYNAMICS Kinematics ‘Translation Rotation Plane Motion. ‘TranslationPart 4 Engineering 148 Engineering Mechanics Mathematics Vol. 2 iG 1S 8 branch of mechan STATICS etek and elstribution of forces of rigid. bodies which are and remain at rest: TEM A force system is any arrangement where two or feRceeys ‘more forces act on a body oF on a group of related bodies, Resultant of Two —_Earallelogram Law Concurront Coplanar Forces: Res q2eri-2ihese EpeiceiR sna snd Resutart, RJ Resultant of Two or More Concurrent Coplanar Forces Analytical Solution Ree BF~ Fut fat) Ry=ER,= Fy + Fy t 14 Restart Re Rea Resultant of Concurrent Forces in Space Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 Farts 449 Engineering Mechanics Seaton Rem BR Fact Ft Ft Ry = DF, Fy + Fay t Fy + FER = Fit Ft et R oe cos b= = Given the three concurtent forces which passes through (1, 3,4) and the indicated points: fos 3 Determine the magnitude of the resultant force. Fr=150N.ta= (6-04-6439 4-4) =5385 Fy=340 N, lo= f(4-1)* + (043)? (3-4)? = 8.185 y= 280 N, Ls = (1-1) +(2+3) + 6-4)" =5.745, R= DFre Ay t Fat Fir Re= 15021 +3104 + 2591 = 135,56 5085 «6185 (5745 Ry= ZF, = Fy + Pat By 643 043 R= 1502245 + 5285 aes ars 243 = 28h76N Rothe + At By 3-4 15024 4 34 = Reo 15s gras ne {RPeRPeR,? = 10284NPart 4 Engineering 150. Engineering Mechanics Mathematics Vol. 2 —=—SS>——>F EEG OO Resultant of Parallel Forces R=DFSAtREAY RY -DPx= Fmt Fimt yay +e Resultant of Non-Coneurrent R2P, R=2P, Forces Ps i R= (RFER? Ried =SMo= Prt + Pads. EQUILIBRIUM OF FORCES General Conditions ER=0 Srye0 of Equilibrium Svewa Equilibrium of Two forces are in equilibrium if they are’ equal, TWwoForces: collinear, and oppositely directed. ea Equilibrium of Two 1 to or move coplaner forces are in equilibrium, for More Concurrent they must form aclosed polygon. Forces Engineering Parts 454 Mathematics Vol. 2 Engineering Mechanics ' 4 2 . Frc aygon y : if 4 ere Pogo Equilibrium of ‘Three coplanar forces in equilibrium are concurrent Three Coplanar /s Forces % ¢ p % Q Wa flexible wire cable is suspended over two supports find where most ofthe loads are distributed horizontally as in a suspension bridge, the cable assumes the shape of a parabolic segment. PARABOLIC CABLES eal n hhPart 4 Engineering _ Engineering Part 4 152 cepincenng Mechanics seadios atic volley ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 Engineering Mechanics 253 Se Tg safoon vo cata eget rom the uppor CATENARY When the cable sags due fo ts own weight, the cable the lowest polnt of the cable. ‘assumes the shape of a catenary which is the graph of the equation = cosh ¥. Guiting segment AC: ‘Tension at lowest poin', H= wx T=wy Tawny T= Hews T= fe +Ces,y wesete yeasete [EMy=0) = Wad Hxy=W) From the force polygan: Gp ed tte ease Pawn € Cl eveecypl CABLES UNDER CONCENTRATED LOADS Tsin o> W. Example 9-2 ‘Determine the tension in each segment of the cable shown. ‘Symmetrical we Parabolic Cable Tensionat C= = Tension at = T= fi (2) Langth of Cable $: Exact $= © fies nf) *xa¢ Stee (m+k)] m= th ke Vie ai? at hopemeaies oe ee ee LSP 200Engineering ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 Part 4. 154) fgnecring Mechanico Soe Oe \ (by payaonot frees aa aeanre ah [EMy=0) 16(6) + 20(17) = Dy(24) + Dul6) 3Dj(+12Dy= 218 > Eq. (1) From figure (#) tango" = Dy/Dy Dy= 0.7002 Du > Eq. (2) Substitute Dv of Eq. (2) to Eq, (1) 3Di-+ 12(0.7002 Dy) = 218 Dyp= 19.1186 kN cos 35°~ BE = (9 Paiaee of forces ato > 194186 Te = 2334 0N re (0): (2U)¢+ (23.54) ~ 2(20)(23.34) cos 85° Tac = 2023 KN Be WB 927097 sind si fo=90-0= 19.08" Atjoint B [Fy =o} (Tas) = Tacos @2= 2023 cos 19.05" (Taa)n= 1942KN [2Fy= 0} rap! = 12023 sin 908 ay Baie Tyo Ysa)? 22613)? = 29.61 KN Part 4 Engineering Neshanics 155 Friction i he conlect rsitance By one Fody when ihe econ bay mes fend move pa he first Friction force always acts ite to the holo onotbencg ome Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 FRICTION Elements N= total normal reaction. It is the sum of all forces perpendicular to the surface, [a tion ce rasimum avallable fiction) Fan = coefficient of friction = tang Rotel sae reaction, Te stant of fand angle of friction = arctan f tang= o=en ‘The maximum angle that a plane may be inclined without causing the body to slide down is: Ee een Beli Friction rh Ta 1 Incl ate angle of contact in radians 71808 : tension in the tight side~ Tistemon i hesbckatlePart Engineering Mathematics Vol.2 156 tingincering Mechanics PROPERTIES OF SECTIONS Controid of Plane Area AXe = Dax = mx, +a) 4 AYe = Day = ay, tay + Center of Gravity of Flat Plates = Swy = wy, toate 2 s Centroids of Composite Figures "Engineering Part4 y5q Mathematics Vol. 2 Engineering Mechanics Moment of Inertia (first moment of Polar Momentof Referring to the figure above: Inertia I= freeones Radius of Gyration Transfer Formula for moment of Inertia 1, =E(hp Ad) oe Moment of Inertia where I; = controidal moment of inertia In some ee) it oy to oon the Bare nee Pee Uhaesd Cae nent With respectto an SO re the mem olin eee Si ee hea v ay. formula and more conveniently by graphical { solution using Mohr's Circle Spectanye af the principal moments of inertia are known.Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 “The following procedure: applies to moments of inertia using Mo's circle: 1. On a set of rectangular coordinate axes Choose one axis on which to plot values of Jean Jy and the other on which to plot fn. ‘These axes area called principal axes. 2. With ky ly, and Ly known plot (ly ly) and (yy-la) with Te and I, slong, the horizontal and fy slong the verlical. 3, Join the points plotted with a straight line. This line is the diameter of the Mohs circle having its center on the principal 4, The angle between any two redil_on the ‘Mohs circle is double the actual angle between the usual axes. The rotatiotal sense of this angle corresponds to the fotational, sensé of the actual angle between the axes, para T88cue ‘Mohr's Circle for Moment of inertia ig Mechanics “KINEMATICS —i— The following relationships can be derived from the: above procedures: TRANSLATION Re fly)? 4, OF Rectilinear Translation Ie CR elie ae ‘Motion along a straight line The branch of mechanics that deals with bodies in DYNAMICS oton. Branches of Kinematics i The geometry of motion, This term is used to Bynenics define the motion of a particle oF body without consideration of the forces causing the motion. Kinetics The branch of mechanics that relates the force Bevnitonn tater acling on the body to its mass and acceleration, [constant velocity) Part 4 Engineering Mechanics 259 ‘Motion of Particles 1, Translation “The motion of a rigid body in which a straight line passing through any two of its particle always remain to be parallel to its initial position i IL, Rotation ‘The motion of a rigid body in whch the particles: move in circular paihs with their centers on @ fixed: straight line called the axis of rotation, III, Plane Motion ‘The motion of a rigid body in whic all particles in the body remain ata consiant distance from fixed reference plane. v~ velocity at any time (final veleci Se inal clot (velo tine 2) «celeration «celeration due to pravity (9.81 m/s, 322 ft/s) imePart 4 160 fogincering Mechanics Engin Engineering Part4 463 Mathematics Vol. 2 Mathematics Vol. 2 Engineering Mechanics ee B. Variable ‘A the summit A: (e) =0) acceleration vy? » He aa 2g 8 whee a may elthet be a function of vt, ors, and ‘may either bea function of rors, At point C(y=0) ©, Constant * acceleration D. Free-falling body (o= 0, 5=h) Note: dis positive if te projectile directed upward and : ngive diced dad curvilinear Resolve the motion into ¥ and y-components and ise Translation formulas in rectilinear translation. ¢ At any point D below the origin O, the sign of y is (Projectile Motion) nogative, 4 v, is positive if directed upward and negative if directed downward MOTION CURVES Motion curves are plot of distance s, velocity v) and ‘acceleration versus time. The relationships Ibetwveon these curves are: és it ‘which means that the velocity i the slope of the st diagram, and, Atany point B: & = component of motion (te 0) a yeh means that the acceleraticn is the slope of the tidiagram yrcomponent of motion (a,= Note: The relationship betweer these curves is the 1 and mou rams, vy =tynat ya vgl batt same as the load, shear, and moinent. lag, =0,,° —29y tane-—3_ 20, oOPart 4 162. Engineering Mechanics “Relationship between Translation and Rotation. ot KINETICS Motion Notation ROTATION = angular displacement, radians = angular speed, rad/sex n, rad sec? D'Alembert's Uniform Motion “Principle Uniform Acceleration “Newton's Laws of | 1- Part 4 Engineering Mechanics 163 S=r0 vero where 0, 4 and aare expressed! in radians. A body at rest will remain to be a rest or in motion ‘el rain motion ong a sraght path untese feted upon by ar unbalanced force, . A paride acied upon by an unbaience force system has en acceleration in line with and directly proportional to the resultant of the force system ana inversaly proportional lo its mas, FE E ac oF a=k— (where k=1) F=Mxa In every action there és atoays on equal and opposite reaction. The resultant of the extemal forces applied to a body (rigid oF ron-rigid) composed of a system of particles equivalent to the vector stmomtion of Ute effective forces acting ont all particles. where Mis the mass and VV is the weight.Engineering | Eni Part 4 Mathematics Vol. 2 164. Engincering Wechanics Problems Involving penemnecs Bae) = We fetes Principle 3 ft ley wy | ie 4 |r Wes a 1 z ce ances ~Porces = Ws -f- Wis Whenever a body rotates about an axis ata apecd CENTRIFUGAL Weta ene ire an, (atereed directed away from the axis of rotation. Normal Effective : Force) Cao ee ate 3 ar ‘The tangential inertia force (centripetal force) is given by the formal Ww _ BANKING OF Ts. me CURVES: 8 ygineering Mathematics Vol. 2 “Conical Pendulum Part 4 Engineering Mechanics 165 As the value of @ decreases, the value of ft approaches the limiting value L so that the maximum time for 2 revolution is; Ina” 2 E Rod of uniform mass of length J rotated about one cos0= 2, provided ot > 2g The maximum speed 2 that a car can round a highway curve without skidding is given by the relationship:Part 4 166 engineering Mechanics Ideal Angle of Banking Horizontal Rotating Platform Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 tan(+4) where = angle of banking (b= angle of friction between the tires and the oad surface (j= arctan ji) R=redius of theearve; m = velocity in m/s If the car is on the point of slipping down the plane becatse of insufficient speed: Work-Eneray Equation for Constant Forces, fan @-0)- 7 ‘The ideal angle of banking is the angle 6 such that the car has no tendency to slide up or down the road, With this angle, there will ke no shearing stress (or friction does hot work) at the tires of the ‘car, hence = 0, and thus; fangs 2 gk IMPULSE AND MOMENTUM The ratio 2 is also known es the impact factor oF gk centrifugal retio. ‘The maximum speed that the platform may be rotated co that the block will not slide is given by the formula, @R vt eer tang = y= ‘Impulse- Momentum Equation Part4 467 Engincering Mechanics Workenergy method 1s used particularly for solving problems involving force, displacement, and relocity Work = Fores » distance 1 iw Kinetic erergy, KE eta ; eneigy, eS Potential enorgy, PE = Mgii= Wit If the forces acting on body are constant: KE, Work + Wh=KEs Problems involving, force, velocity, and time are conveniently solved by means cf the impulse- montentum metitod, Impulse ~ Force « time Momentum=Mo= Ht When a body of weight W moving with an inital ‘locity eschange its Velocity (0 y Over a peti of alonga straight line, (4) Impulse -2(-) Impulse = > by -2,) (4) Impulse = impulse in the same ditection with the motion G) Impulse = impuls. the opposite direction the motionPart4 Engineering G8 Engineering Mechanics Mathematics Vol. 2 Law of Tra system is composed of particles of mass My, Ma, ete, having velocities vj, ta cte,, and alter mutual Gonsorvation of scone he. pareles they pose He Velocities vi, V2, etc, the condition that the Thomentum of the system, be constant may be expressed as © © 6@ +9 Mur t Mam <1 forelasiicor inelastic collision for perfectly inelastic collision for perfectly elastic collision ® if balls dropped from height of ft upon 2 pavement and rebounds to a height of Ni, the Coefficient of restitution between the ball and the pavementis ff ie -@ | Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 Eventle 2 Parts 160 Engineering Mechanics Tfa balls thrown at an angle 0 with the normal tom smooth surfaceand rebounds at an angle, tand ‘and! If two masses Mi and Mz moving in opposite directions with velocities oy and #2 colice, the energy loss In direct central impact is: 1 MMs 4-3), 9,98 2M,+M, “ #°)(, - Pa) Loss in Ki Dy aON rar in fieuie sine comes roll without friction down the left incline, then up the tight incline to the horizontal surface. (1) Determine the velocity of the car at R in m/s '2) Determine the velecity of the car at D in m/s 3) Ifthe coefficient of friction along the plane DE is 04, determine the distance DE that the car will travel before It comes to rest, ‘Work-energy equation from A to B; KE, +P s+Wh=KEs Work-energy equation from A to: KE,tFstWh=KEp o+o+m9 -10)= 2Engineering Mathematics Vol. ‘Workcenergy equation from Ato Part 4 170 Engineering Mechanics f= w Kiqt Fst Wit= KEp OF (6) - 7) - 0418) =0; Na s=75m ‘The acceleration of a body moving on «+ hosizontal plana is as shown on the tet diagram in Figure, Determine the total displacement of the body after 12 seconds. fens) 3 3 ats a6 Soi att tet vero A a 7 « . > otfia tt ttt Heed From the v-t diegsam shown Ast Ose ‘Az= Hale + 21)(5) = 67.5. Ag= 213) = 63m Total displacement = 8 + 67.5 + 63 = 1385 m Part 4 Engineering Mechanics 171 PROBLEM 6-2 HE Apeil 1997. PROBLEM 6-6 ICE Nov. 1997 PROBLEM 6-7. ECE March 1996 ranslation and Rotation ‘The weight of a mass of 10 kilograms at a location where $= 977 n/stis: A.IN C.77N 3. 779N D.977N What is the resultant velocity of a point of x-component Ve= 88-4, and component Vj= 2 tattime # "A, 69.1326 ©. 64.1926 B. 62.1325, D. 74.1326 ‘A boat has a speed of 3 mph in still water attempts to go direcly across river with a curcent of3 mph. Whats the effective speed of the boat? ‘A. B35 mph C742 mp B. 854mph D. 633 mph A ship moving North at 10 mph. A passenger walks Southeast across the cieck ai 5 mph. In what direction and how fast s the man moving, relative to the earth's surface, ‘A. N28%0'W; 7.37 mph” C, N 61°20'W37.37 mph B. N61°206;7.37 mph. N 28%40'E 7.37 mph ‘A man wishes to cross due west on 5 river which is flowing due north at the sate of 3 mph. Ifhe can rove 12 mph instil water, what direction shoul he take to cross the river? G S8L.36°W) D.S8i3erw ‘A plane is healed due east with air specd of 240 kph. If 8: trind ef 40 kp lowing from the nowth Find the round speed of the plane, BN. 243 kph C, 200 koh B. 423 kph D, 2a0 koh ‘Three forces 20N, 30N, and 40N are in eauilibrium. Find the angle between the 30-N and 40-N forces. ‘A, 30° 15/25” C4 B, 28.96° D. 35.977Part 4 Engineering Part 4 272 trginectng cchaties Mathematics Vol #) ematics Vol. 2 Engineering Nechanics 279 FROIN C-0 A lOg weights suspended by a rope oma calling. Tp OBEMG- 15 ASO Fg block erecting ona 30 inclined plane wih a 2 horizontal force of 380 kp is applied to the weight the hu = 03. Find the required force P acting horizontally rope willmake an angle with the vertical equel to that will start the block up the plane. A. 602 co ‘A. 4236N C5205 N 8 30° D. 75° B. 1160 3.2570 N PROBLENG-9 A100 KN Hlockeslides dawina plane inelined atan angle BLEM 6-16 What is the acceleration of the body that increases in ‘of 30° with the horizontal. Neglecting friction, find ‘Apri 19% velocity from 20m/s to 40 m/sin 3seconds? Answer in force Ural causes the block to side SLunits ‘A. 86.6KN ©-20kN A.8m/st C Saye B. SOKN 1D. 50KN B 6.67 m/st D.7m/e PROBLEM 6-10 What tension must be applied at the ends of a flexible PROBLEM 6-17 From a speed of 75 kph, a car decelerates at the rate of wire cable supporting a load of 0.5 kg pet horizontal May 1996 £00 m/miné along a straight path, How far in meters, eter in a span of 100m ifthe sag isto be limited t0 1.25 will it travel in 45 Sec? mi ‘A795 C77 ‘A, 42342 kg © 500.62 kg B 791 B.793 3. 58420 ke D, 623.24 kg, PROBLEM 6-11 PROBLEDE 6-12 PROBLEM 6-13 PROBLEM 6-14 ‘The allowable spacing of towers to carry an aluminum cable weighing 0.03 "kg per horizontal meter if the maximum tension at the lowest point is not to exceed 1150 kg at sag of 0.50 mis A. 218m 8B, 390m 408 m D, 422m AA wooden plank x meters lng hes one end leaning of top of a vertical wall 1.5 m high and the other end, testing on {horizontal ground, Neplcting fein find fa fore (parallel to the plank) of 100 N is needed ta walla 400 N block up the plank. Tess Cam B, 5m Dam PROBLEM 6 - 20 A block of wood is resting on a level surface. If the coefficient of friction between the block and the surface is 030, how much can the plane be inclined without causing the block to slide down? A187 © 2° B 30.2° D, 333° PROBLEM 6 -21 ECE Nov. 1997 ‘A 500- ky block is resting on a 40” inclined plane with @ w= 03, Find the requifed force P acting horizontally that will prevent the block from sliding. ‘A. 102) N ©. 4236N B. 11e0N D, 5205N With a starting speed of 30. kph at point 4, 9 car acecleretes uniformly. After 18 minutes, it reaches point B, 21 km from A, Find the acceleration of the car in m/s, ‘A, 0126 m/s? , 00206 m/s B. 0.0562m/st D342 m/# ‘A train upon passing point A at a spood of 72 kph accelerates at O75 m/e? for ene minute along a straight petit aratewta # 109/7 Mow i ia Blond ox from point A will it be 2 minutes after pessing point A. A, 485 ro B 475 C485 B.465 ‘A car siarting from rest moves with a constant acceleration of 10 km/hr? for 1 hour, then decelerates at a constant -5 km/hr unlit comes t9 a stop. Hew fer Inns it traveled? A. 10km B. 20km C12km D.15 km ‘The velocity of an automobile starting from rest is given s/t = 901 / (+10) ./see. Determine its acceleration after an interval of 10 seconds (in ft/sec). A, 210 C225 BLA D.275Part 4 174. Engineering Mechanics TROELEM 6-22 CE May 1998 PROBLEM 6 - 24 ECE Nov. 1997 PROBLEM 6 - 24 CENoy, 1998 PROBLEM 6 - 25 PROBLEM 6 - 26 BCE March 1995 PRODLEM 6 - 27 PROBLEM 6 - 28, Enginee Mathematics Vol, TA train Fanning A160 kph decclerated at2 m/min? for Te minutes, Find the distance treveled, in kilometers within this period. A122 C138 B 132 B.128 ‘An attemotile accelerates ata constant rate of 15 m/f to d5 mi/hr in 15 seconds, while travelling in a staight | line, What ie the average acceleration? 7 A28/9 © 2122 B. 239 it/st D. 2938/8 ‘A car was traveling at a speed of 50 mph. The driver saw a road block 80 m ahead and stepped on the brake causing the car to decelerate uniformly at 10 m/st. Find the distance from the roadblock to the point where the car stopped. Assume perception reaction time is 2) seconds A. 12481 B. 625m PROBLEM 6-30 PROBLEM 6-31 Oct. 1997, ©. 10.28 m D. 863m IROBLEM 6 - 32 ‘Aman driving his car at 45 mph suddenly sees an objet Oa. 1997 in the road 60/feet ahead. Wha! constant deceleration is required to stop the car in this distance? A. 363 hye CA B, As2tiys Di i283 A/s? PROBLEM 6-33 ‘A.mango falls from a branch 5 meters above the ground: ‘Api 1998 With what speed in mater per second will it stike th ground? Assume g = 101/32 AB © 10 BR D1 ‘A man standing at a window 5 meters tall wetches dl PROBLEM 6 - 34 felling stone pass by the window In 0.9 seconds, Front Tow high above the top ofthe window was the sto release e ‘A, 12.86 m ©. 954m B77 m 1B, 15.21 m FHOBIEN 6-35 ‘A bullet ie fired at an initial velocity of 350 m/o and an angle of 50° with the horizontal. Neglecting aif resistence, what maximum height could the bullet rises? ‘A. 366m 3,465 m B, 4366m . 3,664 m PROBLEN 6 - 36 \ematics Vol. 2 PROBLEM G2) A bullet fs fired at an inilal velochy of 050 in/s andar Part4 75 Engineering Mechanics angle of 50° with the horizontal, Neglecting air resistance, find its range on the horizonval plane through the point it was fired. ‘A. 12,298 km B. 12.298 km C. 12298m D. 12208 A billet is fired at an intial velocity of 250 m/s and an angle of 50° with the horizontal, Neglecting alt resistance, how long will the bullet travel beloze hitting the ground? A. 54.66min ©, 546 see B, 55.42sec 1D, 3642 min The muzzle vlocty of a proitile & 1800 fee and the suuneder nae OPM WHC Ht cine pele, eae A503 ce! pee B. a6 a! A shot is fired at an angle of 45° with a horizontal and a velocity of 300 ft per sec. Find the heigt and the range of the projectile ‘A, 6000 feand 2500 f B, 700 ft anc 2800 ft ©, 1000 feand 4800 D. 750 ft and 3000 ft ‘A baseball is thrown froma horizontal plane following a parabolic path with an initial velocity of 100 m/s at an angle of 30 degrees above the horizontal. How far from the throwing point will the ball attain i's original level? A, 890m C883 m 8. 875m D, 880m What is the range of a projectile if the initial velocity is 30m/sat an angle of 30° with the horizontal? A, 100m, C.7945m B.92m D110 A bullet is fired at an angle of 75° with the horizontal ‘vith an initial velocity of 420 m/s. How high can it travel after 2 seconds? ‘A. 80m, 8. 732m © mom D 732m A coin is tossed vertically upward from the ground ata velocity of 12 m/s. How long will the coin touch the ground?Part 4 176 engneering Mechanics PROBLEM 6 - 37 GE May 1997. PROBLEM 6 - 33, CE Now. 1996 PROBLEM 6 - 39 ECE Nov. 1996 PROBLEM 6-40 PROBLEM 6 - 41 PROBLEM 6-42, PROBLEM 6 43 Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 A a5 ce Go 2iB sec. B, 3.45 sec. D, 145 sec. AA stone is projected from the ground with a velocity of 45 mm/s at an angle of 30° with the horizontal ground. How high in im will itrise? Use g =9.817 m/s 4 2865m C2585 m D. 8.552.m B. 2685 m ‘A tall is thrown from 2 tower 30.m. high above the ground with a velocity of a0 m/s directed at 20° from the horizontal, How long will the bal hit the ground? rere C73 B32 D222 ‘Aman in a hotair belloon drops an apple at a height of {0m Hfihe balloon is sing at 15 11/s, find the highest point reached by the apple. ACIS m B 16115 m Cimasm D115 m A balloon is asconding a the rate of 10 kph and is being Garvied horizontally by a svine at 20 kph. Ifa bomb i dropped from the talloon 9uch that tt fakes 8 sec, to eau the ground, die balloon’s altitude when the Bomb twas released is A. 336.14 m B. 32213 m C.2m D, 292m, ‘A lane is flying horizontally 350 kph at an altitude of 4a) m._ At ths inctant, a bomb is taleaced. How far thorizonially from this’ peint will the bomb hit the ground? A. 625m ©. 785m Bs m DB, 900m Acar whose wheels are 30 em in radius is traveling with fa velocity of 110 kph. If it is decelerated at a constant rete of 2’m/s%, how many complete revolutions does it rake before it comes to resi? A, 121 ©, 123 B 122 D. 124 ‘The wheel of an automobile revolves at the rate of 700 rpm. How fast doas it move, in km per hr, ifthe radius OF fis wheel is 250 mm? Aa3 509 B, 1833 3.3467 Engineering SRONLEMG- 4a ‘CE Nov. 1997 PROBLEM 6-45 PROBLEM 6-46 “CEMay 1998 PROBLEM 6-47 PROBLEM 648 ME Apsil 1996 PROBLEM 6 - 49. CE May 1998, May 1996 PROBLEM 6-50 CE May 1995 ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 Part 4 EngineerngMechanies 244 ‘Using a constant angular acceleration, a water turbine [brought to its normal operating speed of 180 rev/min in G minutes, How many complete revolutions did the turbine make in coming to normal speed? A, 550 , 560 B. 530 D, 540 ‘A horizontal platform 6 m in diameter revolves so that a point on its rim moves 628 m/s, Find its angular speed in rpm. AB C8 B20 Biz A horizontal platform with a diameter of 6 m revolves about ts center at 20 rpm. Find the fengental speed in ‘m/s of a point at the edge ofthe plaiferm ‘A. 634 646 B 628 D.612 ‘A flywheel rotating at 500 rpm decelecetes uniformly at 2 rad/sec. Flow many seconds will i take for the flywheel to stop? Rass) B 24s Alton lr ak of rai ON ft favdling ot 27 f/sce. His speed inthe tangential irection increases af the rate of 3 A/s%. What i the Yelist’s total acceleration? A, 28 ft/s? C Sats B 312 t/s DL 3s ft/s ‘The radius of the earth is 3,960 miles. The gravitational ‘acceleration at the earth's surface is 22.16 ft/<2. What is the velocity of escape from the earth in miles/=? A. 694 ©. 936 B. 8.62 D. 7.85 The radius of the moon is 1080 mi. The gravitational acceleration at the moon's surface is 0.165 times the {gravitational acceleration at the earth's sutface. What is the velocity of escepe from the moon in miles /second? A, 2.38 Cc. 352 B17 D426179 33 ‘ & as es : 2 soma = Mg= 100.77) v= fureye Wwe) ‘Yelocity is a vector quantity. Theresultant is ‘Therefore, the man moves at 737 mj in the direction N 28° 40"E Direction: S 75.52°W v= ee v=854 mph Translation and Rotation Mg W= 977 N, ga QB : 3 id ub GAD 4D 4d Gad Gad 4D GD GD 54 BOOOGOOOHE | |OOODOOOOOe ag BOSOCSSOEE | |OOOOOOGUGS g DD DAD LD DD DD LD | | DLP DED DD EDD 2 OM OORMWOOE [I oD mMoowwoed ie (ceme earn ean Sid ddinwaarerarcd || iosd > aarsrayararer CGMQOOGBDOOOO || OCOODOOOOOo GOOOGVOOGO || OOOO OVE QODOOOOOAD || OOO] DOO DDE PAO HOO | OOM MComaaae & ANS ARKREN AAS EN eE SHEE SAS 2 b 4 £ Wy | cb apa an a cin ap air sar cad |] | can 4d dup dap ad ad aud 42d Gd a> 2 TICOHOHOQOOESE | |OOOMOOOQDae ae DCO OOG9G0G8 || GOOKVOG 020 Pad | O@O@@ma@@a@e l| @oommoocoaae ae Boe meen qaes || eon oe owe = < 178Part 4 180 Engineering Mechanics SOLuTIONS 6 Ans A SOLUTION 6-7 AnsiB wby 40m SOLUTION 6-8 Ans: B Souimion 6-9 Ans: D SOLUTION 6 - 10 ‘Ans: G Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 The ground speed is the resultant of the airspeed and the wind speed. Since the two component vectors are perpendicular = (240)? + (40)? C= 24331 kph ‘Three forces aren equilibrium f thelr forse vector forms a closed polygon (a triangle) ane 202 = 302 + 40° -260)(40) cos 0 cos 0= 0375 0-28.96" From the force polygon shown: tan Q=9.8/10 O=301° The force causing the block the tlide is the component fof the weight parallel to the plane. F=Wsin @=100sin 30° F=50 kN From the right triangle shown: tan 6 = 1.25/25; 0 = 2.862° Inthe force polygon shown: T=W/ sind T= 25/ sin 2862" T= 50062 kg Engineering Mathematics Vol, 2 Farts 181. Engineering Mechanics SOLUTION 6-11 Ans: 8 SOLUTION 6 - 12, Ans: A SOLUTION 6-13 Ans: A w= 05(50) =25K9 [ena] From the figure shown -0 1150(0.5) = 0.03(L/2)(L/4}; = 991.5 m Wemon, >= toon Coefficient of friction, = 03 Angle of friction == arctan w= 167° Note: The angle of inclination @ of the plane that the block impends to slide down equals the angle of friction between the block and the plane. ‘Thus, 0=$ =167°Part 4 ABZ cagnctring Mechanics ToluTioN 6-14 Ans B cue ei ye a SOLUTION 6-16 ANS: B SOLUTION 6-17 Ans ¢ we=75 60h 22530 mymiet AB. a. ‘i Fg mes) + 00395905) SOLUTION 6- 18 ‘Ans. C Engineering | Engineering Pare 4 4, Mathematics Vol. ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 Engincering Mechanics 283 SS ee Ge aidan ewe ORO? waaay Sou aae paso pet93° 21000 = 6:39(2060) + 4a (1080) From the force eae polygon shown: i SOLUTION6-19 From Ato B: P=Wtang wg Si=date+ nt? P= 500(961) tan 133° $1 = 20(60) ~ (0.75)(60)= 2550 m P=11595N wide Vem Va tant Vs=20+ 073(60) = 65m/s i w= 70h greene an Winans wipes 4) ie etan (03) = p=30+§= 467° EE poe) E Fiom the fore sense one polygon shown: B= Wan P=500(9.81) tan 467° Ste 2min (0) From to C = Vetta te Ss = 65(60) + 3A(1)(60)2= 2100 m 1+ Sy= 2850 + 2100 = 4650m = 4.65 kam Another Solution Using the velocity diagram, plot the velocity of the train vorsus time. The area under the diagram. a 16 From the formule: veto tat 4020 + 0(8);a= 667 m/st Mov) ellen sese= 075 4 km 1000m, thr 2 878 Te kam,” BO00sEE tes3s= y= 20,833 m/s sosee represents the distance (00 m/mmir? « (I min/60 sec)? 11389 m/s S=79587m 19=30 kph =833 m/s 15 1B minutes = 1080 sec. $=21 km = 21,000 m Required: « eats ken § ‘i205 (2 mia —— cess =) "9 traveled within the period. The velocity ofthe trein at ¢= 0 s 72 kph 20 m/s), Distance, $ = Area + S18 6g) 2 5 = 2550+2100 S = 4650 m $4.65 kmPart 4 184. Engineering Mechanics SOLUTION § -21 nec SOLUTION 6 -22 AnsiC SOLUTION 6 - 23 ‘Ars: D Engincering Mathematics Vol. 2 2) = 10m a Yond YW Sime oot wive From the velocity time curve: Vj =0410(1) = 10 km/hr Vp=10-5h=0)h=Zhss. Total area of the curve 40 + 2)(10) = 15 km From 0101: From 1 to2: ot 110 = (¢-+10)(00)~904(1), __ 800 (Fe10F Gy when t= 10 seconds: 50 2225 tyst (+10) Saute hae ‘p= 60 (kimn/ he) s (1000 m/e) » (1 hr/60 min) 145 = 1000 m/min, $= Goons « eax 384 m = 13.804 km + ab, where vis the final Using the formula the initial velocity = 15 mph, and. velocity = 45 mph, v His the time = 15 sec (15/3600 hr.) Then 45 = 15 +a(15/3600) 7200 rai / he? x (5280 ft/mi) x (Lr / 3600 ¢)? = 2933 ty ‘Engineering ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 SOIITION 6-25 “ans: C Part 4 EnginestingMechanics 285 Semh ve = 80487,805 m/hr = 22.36 m/s S= 2236) = 44.72 m From B to C: (0=0, v, = 22.36 m/s, a=-10 m/s4) visuet2aS: OF = 22.368 + 2(-10) 52; 5) = 25 m d= 80-5; ~52=60=44.72 - 25 = 10.28m SOLUTION 6-25 Ans A % veo gh 65 fps From ¥2= ¥t+2as OF = 662 + 22(60) 2-363 fis? SOLUTION 6-26 Ans: vi=0!+ 20065) = 100; v=10.m/s SOLUTION 6-27 Fora free‘aling body: Ans 8 n= age h-h=03s; b= 403 | Ip-hh=5m ay, 4981) 122 WO81) b2 = 5 i= t= 10194 (+03) = 1? = 10198 hi +06 ht 009 - f= 1.0194 y= 1.549 seconds hy = O81) (1.5497. f= 14.7 mPart 4 Engineering 186 Engineering Mechanics Mathematics Vol. 2 TOUUTION 6-28 Given! = 50" Ane) Required: y (maximum height) When the bullet is at its highest point, 2, = 0. oie (50 sin 50")2 - 2(0,81)H = 3664. ee SOLUTION 6- 29 26= 35) m/s,0= 50° Ans: C Required: x= R (horizontal range Ye through the point it was fired, - 0) G Siri De re ee 2 0=Rtan50° seus R=12,258 m SOLUTION 6-30 ‘= 350 m/s, 6 = 50° Ans: € Y Required: total time of flight v=o) Yet Age D= G50 sin 50°) t= % (9.81).F = 5166 sec SOLUTION 6-31 2 ane oeleno- 2 2v,7cos70 w= 00 10 miles x ante mile = 52800 feet ne 32.2(52800)? (0 = 52800 tan @- —— 20 2(1500)*cos™8 a 03778 _ sind tne cc cos sin 0 cos0= 0.3778; but sin 8 cos 0 = %sin 20 sin 20 = 0.7536; 28 = 49.0778" O= 2454? = 24° 3" Engineering Part 4 ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 EnginccringMechanics 287 $< _ Note; The value of 6 may also be found by substituting the choices to Eq. (2), SOLUTION 6-32 At the highest point of the projectile vy =0. Ans: B ‘Then from vy? = toy? = 2ey; OF = (300 xin 45")? 2652.2); y= 098.76 feet As the shot touches the ground ((or therangel, y = 0 Then fromy=ytano- _$* _, me De, cos*0 92237 O= stan d5°- Set 2300) cos? 45° x= 0.000357 x2; x= 2795 feet Using the formula: & 2ayFcos"8 SOLUTION 6 - 33 Ans C ae yextand- ‘When th ball attain ite original level, y= 0 O=x tensor 261 2100) Fccata" ~ = 885m ROUITION 6- 34 3 Ans: C From y=xtan 0-3" Bw coro Where ve =30 m/s, = 30°, For the range on the horizontal plane through the point itt was fired, y=0. ere O=xtan 30° SOLUTION 6-35 Ans: B v= 420 m/s sin 75°)(2) ~A(981)(2)° 1.76 mPart 4 188. EngnneccogNechunics SOLUTION O36 Ans: SOLUTION 6 -37 ANS A SOLUTION 6 - 38 Ans: C vs = 300m/s SOLUTION 6 - 39 AnsiB Tanna apace are : Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 ‘The height “y'of the coin at any time tis yada tg h When the coin touches the ground, y=0. ‘Then O= 121-HO.8I}t f= 2.3 sec Atmnaximum height P= Voy? = 2ey. = (5 sinad?P-20.817)y y= 2865 m Y= Dy tage 00 sin20°t -¥4(9.81) F = 4905 2- 192.611 -20 By quadratic formula: 1521.21 sec a Since the apple is in the balloon, it ‘possesses an initial velocity of 15 m/s, ‘The highest point reached by the apple from the balloon is given by: Y= Bo where vy = 0 O15? 2(981)y y= 11.468 m ‘Thus, the highest point reached by the apple ebove the ground is H= 150+ y=161.468 m onan te ‘Engineering Part 4 ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 189 Engineering Mechanics Uy =10 kn] he= 2978 m/s 2 =20 km/hr = 5.556 m/s t= Bsec, Wy = 1Doh = 2.778 mye Required: y y= thy thee y= 2278)8)-4 PSH)? 292 m Therefore, the balloon’s altitude is Tare) 22m baloon LUTION 6 - 41 ou Since the bomb wes cropped freely, ité initial velocity and direction is the sane w= 350 10h = 9722/5 as that of the plane, = 350 kim/hr= 67.222 m/s and y=420m. an yeaom a7 aS prey) -420= x tano?- 21 2(07,222)" cost 0 += 8996 msay 90) m LUTION 6-42 Initial velocity, 96 = 110 km/hr = 30.556 m/s Final velocity, v=0 {it comes to rest) Acceleration, a= -2 m/s? t= ot + 2as © = 60.556)? + 2¢-2)s;5=253.417 m ‘umference of the wheel = 2nr=25(03) = 0.6m Number of revolutions = 233.417 / (0a) = 1238 Number of complete revolutions = 123,Engineering Part4 494. ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 “EngineeringMechanics SOLUTION G-40 war rae = aos: assye <2 a= 08/7 a= 27)1/800 } 1m =0.911 ft/s? =)? 0.911) a=31351/¢ MD SOLUTION 6-49 ‘The escape velocity is given by the formula eg t= Y2gR, where R isthe radius of the planet ana i the acceleration duet gravity of the planet “ Renn = 3960 mi $280 ft/ mile | R= 20,908,800 ft. 4 = 2(32/16)(20,908,800) p= 96,672 ft/s » 1 mile/52501t U, = 6.946 mi/sec ROUITIONS- 50 Escape velocity, v= J2gR £=01652.2) = 5313 ft/sect R= 1080 mi 5280 f,/mi, = 5,702,400 ft v= J253TI)(G702400) = 7784-196 tt/sec. 3 7781.196 ft/sec 1 mi/5280 ft v= 147 mifsec.Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 Prov 7-7 NE Apa 1998, CE May 1999 Part 92 Engineering Mechanics Problems - Set 7 Part4 193 Engineering Engineering Mechanics Mathematics Vol. 2 K body weighing 40 Ibs. starls from Test and slides down a plane at an angle of 30° withthe horizontal for which the coefficient of fretion a = 03. How fer will it Kinetics, Work, Energy, Momentum, Etc. TROBLEM 7-1 ME Gat 1997 PROBLEM 7-2 PROBLEM 7-3 PROBLEM7.- & ME Apri 1997 YROBLEM 7-5 CE Nov. 1995 PROBLEM 7-6 ECE Now, 1997 A10-Ibin object is acted upon by a 4Ib force, What is the acceleration in ft/min®? ‘A, 8.010 to the ath power f/ mi B. 9.2 10 to the dth power f/ C7810 to thedih power ft/min? 1D, 4.637 x 10 to the Ath power ft/min? ‘What horizontal force P can be applied to a 100-kg block ina level surface with coefficient of friction of 0.2, that will cause and acceleration of 2.30 m/s*? A MBSN Co3BN B 2005 D.al62N A skier wishes to build a rope tow to pull hersolf up a ski hill that is inclined at 15° with the horizontal Calculate the tension needed fo give the skiar's Si-kg ociy an acceleration of 12 m/s. Neglect friction. ‘A, 202N, © 106N BION ©. 304N A pideup truck is traveling forward at 25 m/s. ‘The truck bed is loaded with boxes, whose coefficient of filction with the bed % 04. Whot is the shortest time that the truck can be brought to a slop such that the boxes do not shift? A. 475 sec ©, 55 sec B 2.35 sec 1D. 637 see [A O-kg Hock is resting. on an inclined plane making an angle of 20° from the horizontal. Ifthe coefficient of fiction is Gt deter tne fore parallel tothe inline that ust ‘be applied to cause impencting motion down the plane. AT C72 B82 D.87 A S0-kilogram block of wood reat gn the top of the smooth plane whose length is 3 m, and whose altitude is (08 m. How long will i take for the block to slide to the bottom of the plane when released? ‘A, 1.51 seconds, C, 251 sveonds B. 2.41 seconds D. 214 sevonds PROBLEM 7-8 PROBLEM 7-9 ME Apiil 1998, CE Nos, 1999 PROBLEM 7-10 (CE Nov. 1997 PROBLEM 7-11 ME Oct, 1997 “PROBLEM 7-12, ‘move during the third second? A. 19.99 C1843 B. 30.63 ft D watt ‘A car and its load weighs 27 KN and the center of prev 600 mm from the ground and midwey jelween the front and tear wheel which are 3m apart ‘The car is brought to rest from a speed of 54 kph in 5 seconds by means of the brakes. Compute the normal force on each of the front wheels ofthe car. ATS76 AN ©. Sa78 EN B, 9541 kN) D.6kN, An elevator weighing 2000 Ib alfains an upward velocity of 16 fps in 4 sec with uniform acceleration, Whats the tension in he supporting bles? 41,950 Ib 2495 Ib B. 21150 Ib D. 22505 A. block weighing 200 N rests on a plane. inclined * upwards to the Tight at a slope of 4 vertical to 3 horizontal. The bleck is connected lo a cable initially parallel to the plane, passing through the pulley and Connected to another block weighing 100 N. moving vertically downward. ‘The coefficient of Kinetic friction between the 200 NN block and the inclined plane is 0.10, Which of the following most nearly gives. the acceleration () of the system? ‘A..a=293 m/sec? C.a=157m/ see Be 2037 m/ sec? Dia=3.74m/ sec ‘A car travels on the horizontal unbanked circular track of radius f. Coefficient of friction between the tires and the track is 0.3. Ifthe car's velocity is 10 m/s, what i smallest radius it may travel without skidding? A. 50m 5m B 60m D.3tm Ifacar travels at 15 m/s and the track is banked 5°, what is thesmallest radius it cen travel so that friction will not be necessary to resist sliding? ‘A. 262.16 m ©, 27814m B 65123m D, 2474Part 4 194 Engineering Mechanics PROBLEM 7 “13 CE May 1999 PROBLEM 7-14 PROBLEM 7 - 15 CE Now. 1998 PROBLEM 7-15 GE Nov, 1997 PROBLEM 7-17 IME April 1998 PROBLEM 7-18, ME April 1997 PROBLEM 7-19 ME Oct, 1997 Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 "A vertical bar of fengih L with amass of 40 kg is rotated vertically about its one end at 40 rpm. Find the length of the bar if it makes an angle of 45° with the vertical? A. 1.58 m 326m B. 238m D. 186m The seats of a carousel are attached to a vertical rotating shall by a flexible cable 8 m long. The seats have a mass 0f75 kg, What is the maximum angle of till for the seats if the carousel operates at 12 rpm?, A. a? Cay B. 35° D. 39 A highway curve is superelovated at 7°. Find the radius of the curve if thore is no lateral pressure on the wiheals, ofacar ata speed of 40 mph. Awa B, 2656m ©, 229.6 m 1D, 285.9 mm A2N weights swung in a vertical ctl of 1- radius at the end of the cable that will break if the tension exceeds 500 N._ Find the angular velocity of the weight when the cable breaks: A.D. rad/s B. 972 rad/s ©. 249 rad/s D. 583 rad/s ‘Traffic travels at 65 mi/hr around a banked highway ‘curve with a radius of 3000 ft What banking angle is necessary stich that fiction will not be required to resist the centrifugal force? ABA? C32 B. 18° D. 25° A concrete highway curve with e radius of 500 feet is banked to give a lateral pressure equivalent to f= 0.15, For whal coefficient of friction will skidding impend for a speed of 60 mph? ‘A. <0360 B. <0310 c > 0510 1D. > 0.360 ‘A.9500 Ibf car is towing @ 500 Ibf treller. The coefficient of friction between all tires and the road ts 0.80, How fast can the car and trailer travel around an unbanked curve of radius 012 mile without either the car or trailer skidding? ‘A. 87 mph ©. 26mph B, 72mph. D, 58mph | Engineering ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 PROBIEM 7-20 NE Oct. 1997 PROBLEM 7 - 2t PROBLEM 7-22 (ME April 1908 PROBLEM 7-23, “ME April 1998 PROBLEM 7-24 PROBLEN 7 -25 PROBLEM 7-26 PROBLEM 7-27 Part4 Engineering Mechanics 295 ‘A cast-iron. governor ball 3 inches in diameter has its Center 18 inches from the point of support, Neglecting the weight of the arm itself, find the tension in the arm if the angle with the vertical duis is 60°, ‘A. 76315 C756 1b D. 7.36 1b B. 63615 ‘An object is placed 3 feel from the center of a horizontally rotating platform, The coefficient of friction is 03. The object will begin to slide off when the platform speed is nearest to: Ai tpm © 2pm B i2rpm 1B. 26 rpm A force of 200 lbf acts on.a block at on angle of 26° with respect to horizontal, ‘The block is pushed 2 feet horizontally, What s the work done by this force? A. 320] C480) B. 540) ©. 215) A. 10-kg block is raised vertically 3 meers. What ig the change in potential energy, Answer in S. units ciorest to: ‘1. 350N-m| ©. 350 kgm'/s? B 294) D, 320] At er highest point a gion the swing is 7 fet above the ground, and at her lowest point, she is 3 feet above the ground. What is her maximum velocity? ‘A 10 fps C 4 fps Bo 1D fps D. 16 fps ‘An automobile has a power output of 1 hp. When it pulls a cart with a force of 300 N, what is the car's velocity? ‘A, 249 m/s © 249 m/s B. 24.9m/s D (.29mm/s ‘A hunter fires a 80 geam bullet at a tiger. ‘The bullet left the gun with a speed of 600 m/s, Whal is the momentum of the bullet? : A. 15 kg-m/s. ©. 200 kg-m/s B. 30 kg-m/s. D, 1B0kg-n/s ‘An elevator can lift a lead of 5000 N fom the ground level to a height of 20 meters in 10 seconds. Find the horsepower rating of the elevator. ‘A, 10000 CB B, 13400, D. 140art F 196 Fnrincering Mechontes PROBLEM 5 PROBLEM 7-29 PROBLEM 7-30 PROBLEM 7-41 PROBLEM 7-32 ECE April 1998 PROBLEM 7-33 ME Oct. 1997 PROBLEM 7-34 ME Apail 1957 The average horsepower required to raise @ 150-ky box toa height of 20 meters over a period of one minute is: 28 hp 960 hp B. 0.687 hp . 785 hp What is the force of attraction betwoen two 90-kg bodies spaced 40 m epart? Assume gravitational constant, C= 667 » 10-8 N-me/ kg? 4, 46x 10°N B 338% 10¢N ©, 4.26%10°N D. 33.8 x10°N ‘What is the efficioncy of the pulley system, whieh lifts a 1 tonne load a distence of 2 m by the application of a, force of 150 kg fora distance of 15 m? AM Cs B. 46% Dd, 89% How much mass is converted to energy per day: ina nuclear power plant operated at a level of 100 MW? 49.6» 104kg C96 105 kg B. 9.6 «107g D. 9.8% 108 kg What { the kinetic energy of a 4900-Ib automobile, which is moving at 44 ft/s, A, 210% 10 felb B 120.10 fHlb ©. 192 «108 tb D. 18% 105 fe-lb ‘A 4000-kg elevator starts from vest accelerates uniformly th a constant speed of 2.0 m/s end decelerates uniformly to stop 20 m above ils Initial position. Neglecting, the friction anc other losses, what work was done on the levator? 1.785 «10° Joule B, 700 « 10"Joule C. 900% 16 joule 1D 685 x10 Joule ‘The brakes of a 1000-kg automobile exert 3000 N. How, ong, will it take for the car to come to a complete stop froma velocity of 30. m/s? A. 15sec © Sse B. 10sec B. 2sec ‘A cat woighing 40 tons is switched toa 2% upgrade with velocity of 30 mph. Ifthe train resictance is 10Ibs/tox, frow far up the gree will & go? Albee *S 1204 8 2104 Deak Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 PROBLEM 7 - 37 o PROBLEM 7 - 38 ° PROBLEM 7- 39 ° PROBLEM 7 - 40) PROBLEM 7 - 41 PROBLEM 7-42. _ Engineering Part4 397 Mathematics Vol. 2 Enginesring Mechanics PIOELEN 7-36 A body weighing 1000 lbs. fall 6 inches and strikes @ ME Cet, 1997 2000 Ibs (per inch) spring, What is the deformation of the spring? ‘A. 3 inches © 100mm B. 6 inches D. 2inches SITUATION: ‘A Block weighing 100 4 is pushed by a horizontal force PROBLEM 7-37 of 100 KN along a smooth horizontal plane from A to B, N39 10 mong. The velocity of the block a A is 10 m/s. The block is veleased at B and passes through an upward circular ate Be (angent to 8) of radius 10 m and central angle 45 and along an inclined plane CD tangent jo the arcal the block at 82 A. 25m/s ©. 20 m/s B Bm/s D.17 m/s Which of the following most nearly gives the velocity of the block at C? ‘A. 135 m/s B iS m/s C155 m/s D.105m/s Which of the following most nearly gives the distance along CD that the block will move before it comes to rest? Alm 8 20m cum D.12m ‘A Té-gram mass is moving at 30 cm/s while a 4-gram mass is moving in an opposite direction at 50 cm/s: They collide head on and stick together. Their velocity alter collision is: A. l4em/s B. 15em/s © 1B em/s D. 18 cm/s ASikg rifle fires 15-g bullet ata muzzle velocity of 600 m/s. What is the recoil velocity of the rifle? ‘A, 1800 m/s © 18m/s B. 180.m/s D. 1.80 m/s ‘A 050-kg ball with a speed of 20 m/sstrikes and sticks to.a 7)-kg block resting on a frictionless surface. Find the block’s velocity. A. 142 m/s C.142m/s B. 142 m/s D. 0.142 m/sPart 4 98 Engineering Mechantes TROBLENT (CE Nov. 2002 3 PROBLEM 7-44 (GE May 2001 SITUATION PROBLEM 7 ~45, 7-47 (GE Nay 2003) PROBLEM 7-45, ° PROBLEM 7 - 46 e PROBLEM 7-47 o Engineering Mathematics Vol, 2 ‘A tody starting from point A ts given an acceleration which uniformly increase from zero at A to 1.8 m/s at 3 4 seconds, The initial velocity at A is 3 m/s. Find the distance travelled at the end of 4 seconds, A. 168m €. 162m B 165m Dizm. A 45 cm x 45 cm squate plate ABCD of uniform thickness is supported by three vertical strings. The first string is located at B, the secone is located 15 om from A along side AD, and the third is at the point midway of side CD, What percent of the load is carried by the first and second supports? "A 10% ©. 50% B 0% 5.80% ‘he concentrated load sown in the igure acl t point a 12H a : g 3 ++ “7 : os 40 mm 8 3 i z If the concentrated load acting at A is replaced by an equivalent force couple acting at point B, which of the following tnost nearly gives the magnitude of the equivalent couple, in kiloNewton-meters: Al C16 BIB D.2 If the concentrated load acting at A is teplaced by two horizontal forces, one acting at point 8 and the other acting ot point G which of the fllewing most nearly fo fives the megnitude of the force at, in kiloNewions ‘A. 450 600 B50) 550 ‘Which ofthe following most nearly gives the magnitude of the force at C, in kiloNewtons: A, 350, C600 B. 300 D.450 Engineering ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 SITUATION PROBLEM 7 — 48 to7 49 (CE Nov. 2002) PROBLEM 7-48 o PROBLEM 7 - 49. e PROBLEM 7 - 50 6 ‘Sruarion PROBLEM 7 - 51 07=33, GE Nov, 2002) POpLEM 7-51 Part 4 Engineering Mechanics 299 The 300-Newton block shown in the Figure & at rest on the rough horizontal plane before the force P is applied 94450, The force P= 80, where Pisin Newions aks Past Which of the following most nearly gives the time, in seconds, when the block starts ta slide?” ‘A234 C176 B 225 D.3a1 Which of the following most neatly gives the velocity of the block, in meters per second, after five seconds? A, 245 C146 BL IZ D, 183 Which of the following most nearly gives the distance travelled by the block, in meters, ater five seconds? A166 C185 Bo 122 D. 108 The lack of mas t= 1.5 kg sides along the horizontal rough plane as shown in Figure ME-35, The position coordinate x is measured from the undeformed position of the ideal spring, which has a stiffness of k = 30 N/m, At x =0 the block is initially moving to the right swith spoed = 6 m/s, iets whee Which ofthe following most nearly gives the force in the spring ivhen = O80 ‘AL2BN . B. g2N C36N DNParts 200 Engineering Mechanics TROELIN 7 “52 Which of the following most neaily gives the value of when the block first comes to rest, A13m C16 m Bim 3.09 PROBLEM 7 Which of the following most nearly. gives the speed of Engineering Mathematics Vol.2 the block when it reaches x= D for the second time. A.am/s B 6m/s C Sn/s D,dim/s ANSWER SHEET POOR OBOOOS IEDM SD OPED LGD OY OD DOOM OMOMoOowe D4) GD EPG <9. DGD GD OPP DAIP AAD AA QOPOOPOOOO LOA AD ED EHH 49 19 POOOMOVMoOee POMQOOROOOE OOMOGOHOO@OE@| | OOQOOWOOO@ POO OOOCGOE| | CODOHOAAOMOD MMO MOMOOMOer aay Eagar oar POO OMMOHHOOe GD Gad (ad GD aD AD a GD OD GD POC MOMCQOOM PDOGDOOGAOD TDAP eH ADEE apa MMO MOO HOO POC MOMCAOOD apamen ap apapanan aan] I arena eran en arerar ap Engineering Mathematics Vol. 2 ‘Solutions to Set 7 ‘Kinetics, Work, Energy, ‘Momentum, Etc. SOLUTION 7-1 ‘Ans D Parts 29. Engineering Mechanies ieee tai nec Slama eactenen Femxa Note: 1 Ibm = (1 / 32,2) slugs t= Bg getant ny t0aini = 46,368 ft/min? = 4.6368 x 10 fY/min? SOLUTION7-2 From the fos shown: ‘Ans D P= REF +. ee sxaime REF = Ma = 100(25) REF=250 pecker e waa) fe 20s P=259+ 30081) N= 10069 P=4452N SOLUTION 7- ; sour 3 Fromihefigureshown: yi, ant amie T= REF + 54g sin 15° T= 5a 4 Sig sin 15° T= 54(1.2 + 9.81 sin 15) T=202N SOLUTION 7-4 Ans. D REF=/= uN=)V. osow= Ya; «= 040.81) =3924 m/st &Part4 ‘ Engineering Engineering eee OZ: tssincering Mechanics Mathematics Vol. 2 ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 Engineering Mechanics 203 Se ee SaUEaE E By Impulse Momentum Equation, v=). (+) impulse - E(-) impulse = M(ty = 25 m/s. A: Ww a> 3924 m/s (deceleration) (sin 154669)1-9= G.518-0 0=25+ (302i); f= 68750 feist sec souuji0N 7-5 ‘The angleof friction }= tan SOLUTION 7 Tremite igure shown awe ptanrt(06)=3006" be ZFv=0 N=4.cos 30° a jon is greater than the (f= uN = 03 « d0 coe 30° pane, w= 009 Since the angle of fri | angle of friction, the block will not slide down, B freely, hence required ? to cause an impending rer motion downward must act downward. aca ee 20 = (40/32.2) a+ 12 cos 20° i2cea 30" f=2 From the figures shown: R Ba$-07 1095 am 7.734 fi/s2 =50° +20" = 110° Sev ink < $= 10° 110°- 1096" = £9.04" TeGlaie tua eal ——, ae q a= 7.734 fy/e Sioa Applying sine lew from the force polygon: Ree p Ww __40(981) sinl096° inB0.OF sin59.045 S=0(8) + 497.734)@)' = 34.805 f1, ae SOLUTION7-8 Solve for the acceleration: SOLTIONT=6 sind = 0.8/3 8= 15460 V=V_+ at; V.=5é km/hr «1000/3600 =15 m/s A 0=15+a(5) REF=y/sin@ 468) Wo a=3m/s —a= Wsin 15.466" s w é rer= WV, a= 2616 m/s as Somiiieeh foam +140.616) 2 514 seconds Tm Another solution Since the surface is frictionless (smooth), the final 2Ri (3) =27(1.5) + 8.257105) velocity isthe same as that of a free falling body through Ri= 7.576 KN aheight of 08m From the relationship v=3.9618 m/s, 2eh = (20808)Part 4 204 Engineering Mechanics SOLON 7-9 From the figure shown: Ans: D Sve 0 T=RER+W t-Natw 3.0) g Solve for the acceleration « Since the elevator (from rest) attains a final velocity 9 of 16/t/sin4 seconds. sth tat 16=0+ (4) a= Ate Inq. (1) 2000 4) r= 2 (4) +2000 T= 2,248.45 Ib SOLITON 7-10 ‘Ans C 20) = 1208 Engineering Mathematics Vol, 2 W= 2000 ns For the 100-N blocks Ey=0 T= 100 410.192 AEE-= (fede For the 200-N blocks Gores 3E7 “398 “T+ 20.394 = 160-12 + 100+ 10.19" + 20.390 = 148 ' 3058a.= 48 ‘ ! a= 157 nyt REE = ce Ecos. 20381 3 SOLUTION 7-11 ge Ans D tan +0)= 27.00% n= tand=03 10? an (0° +4) =tand= nes, 581k R= 3.98 m “SOLUTION 7-12 yt (3p Ans: D) =e tanse= OF, BNR | 91k R= 262.16 m ‘Engineering Part4 205 _ Mathematics Vol. 2 Engineering Mechanics SOLUTION “7 Ree eea ne e099 = 41888 rad/s CE=Matr CF = 40(4.1888)? r CF=701.88 r tang= WW tan ase = 280 2; 20.559 4009.81) a nee snast= 5 oe ‘L=158m HON 7-14 wep? cre uty s reLsind Ce irs cr guasqp(eaing 981°” cr-0ia visio (eis tan = CF/W. tang = 2161 @)sine W 500. 2.258 sin cso 08 0 = 0.76; 0= 39" SOLUTION 7-15, Ideal angle of banking, 8= 7° Ans: B a Ee 2 tno pag Biles 52008 1m the hr “mile “2288 “SeO0ece 217.886 m/s (07886)? nT OBIR 2656 mPart 4 206 ingineering Mechanics Sonunion 7-19 Ans A SOLUTION 7 - 17 ‘Ans: A SOLUTION 7-18 ‘Ans: B Engineering Mathematics Vol, 2 The tension in the cable is greatest when the weight is at the lowest point To Ws CE { cra Moy \oretm e ‘ 2 500-24 —2 w(t SM ha) 9 A9A2 radians/ece “The angle cf banking required so that for a given speed v the car will move so that theze will be no lateral pressure between the wheels and the roae, is ealled the idea! angle of banking and is given by the formula: v tan O= R= the radius of the curve =3000 feet mi 5280/t Thr = 65 — K = 95.33 fi, ae hr mi 36005. a (95337 ga gaye = 1539) ges tan O= (3000) ‘The maxinsum velocity that an automobile can round a ue curve of radius R is given by, tan (0+ ¢) = 2, where @ radius Ris given by, tan (0 #) = = angle of banking, ¢ = angle of friction between the wheel and the pavement, v= velocity in ft/sec, and ¢ = acceleration due to gravity =32.2 t/t. = aictan f= arctan (0:15) ~ 853° mi, 5280%t the Tite? ety ete ec g= Oe 5 = ORT Seay 8.53 + 6= arctan 0.481 = 25.687 > 17187; p=tan } = 0.308 Therefore, the coefficient of friction 4 < 0.310. SOLUTION 7 - 20 6D eae cae ne oy" T=736Ibe SOLUTION 7-21 LUTION 7 - 22 A Parts ‘Mathematics Vol. 2 Engineering Mechanics 207 Eecorion 7 as girne ann ummrencr luna Gan ma eS ‘The maximum velocity that a cer can round a curve banked at an angle of 6 without skidding is given by tan +4) = a where @ = 0° (unbanked) and ¢ = is the angle of fiction, Coefficient of friction = tan § = 08; 6 = 28.66° 5280 ft R= 0.12milex 6936 It, tan (+ 3866") = ese pe r27 756 Lt, Amite, 3600s¢¢ sec 5260 Thr OPH Note: unit weight of east iron =450Ib/ie Way ¥=450% 4x0 5/12)? W=3.68!bs, From the force polygon (triangle) shown: Te 368 0x60 e From the formula: tan (0 + ¢) = 22; where angle of u ten (0 + 4) ~ Zr where angle of inclination (banking) which is zero (0), and § is the angle of friction (fan 6 =p) pag) = 59083 ft/sec Ro 3.0 = 1794rad/sec x (1 rev / 2erad) (60 sec / min) = 17.13 rpm F200