PI 100 NOTES

nasa Sulu, walang away because of

MONEY

08 / 23 / 16
SULTANATE VS. CALIPHATE
SULTANATE:
Political; no bloodline
requirement
CALIPHATE:
- Both political & religious;
- Sunni mas conservative
& rigid; only descendants
of Mohammed
- Shitte follower of
Mohammed can be a
political leader
- Why is it dreaded? Its
always linked to ISIS; ISIS
wanted to reestablish
Caliphate whose collapse
was due to Westerners
1200s Dumating ang Islam
1500s Christianity
Both are dala-dala ng
MERCHANTS; ECONOMIC ang
dahilan
MERCANTILISM
Pangunahing layunin;
dominant economic
philosophy
Yaman ng isang bansa ay
batay sa rami ng precious
metals, etc.
Substage towards capitalism
1400s important economic zone
ang Sulu
SULU Warien, Global Economic
Zone
BUT by 1500s, pag nagkikita sa
Manila nag-aaway sila pero pag

GUTS: Spread of Christianity was a

religious justification of
colonialization
GOLD: Mercantilism
Before, maraming sheep so may
wool trade. Spain was under the
Moores for 800 yeards. Marital
union was viewed as a political
union (it gave birth to Spain)
Spaniards wanted to drop us at first
because we werent the actual
spice island.
WHAT MADE THEM KEEP US?
GALLEON TRADE.
GALLEON TRADE (1565-1815)
ACAPULCO, MEXICO (known for its
silver) <-> MANILA <-> CHINA
(known for silk, porcelain, jade &
other gems)
(dati dumadaan sa PERU whos
known for its gold)

Initially, Manila served only

as a transshipment port
(daungan), eventually sumali
na rin yung Manila sa trade
(pearls, birds nest, burlap,
etc.)

HOW DID GALLEON TRADE START?

May lumubog na Chinese
vessel na nakita ng mga
Spanish tapos tinulungan
nila; nagka-utang na loob
yung mga Chinese so
binigyan sila ng mga
products na nagging
interested yung Spanish

Retained Manila because of

its close proximity to China

DID WE BENEFIT FROM THE TRADE?

ECONOMICAL? NO.
- Neglect of agriculture
- Exclusivity of Galleon
Trade (thwarted existing
trade bet. Neighboring
countries)
POLITICAL? NO.
CULTURAL/SOCIAL? YES.
- Naging sikat yung Galleon
and it became known as
the Manila Galleon.
#1 na nagging interested ay ang
mga BRITISH (kaya may British
occupation from 1762-1764)
Nakilala yung Manila Shawl (ppl
bring it to their wives as presents,
etc.)
** 1ST significant commercial
pathway between the East and
the West via the sea
Maximum of 2 galleon ships lang
per year because of perilous
journeys (mutiny on board,
diseases, overloaded treasures)
From China: gunpowder & fireworks
From Mexico: Mais, Chocolate,
Avocado, Fish, Fauna; Religious
Artifacts

PI 100 NOTES

08 / 25 / 16
I.

GALLEON TRADE (1565

1815)
-

II.
-

III.
-

British Occupation of MNL

(1762-1764)
They thought it was a
lucrative trade.
Why only 2 years? British
gave way to the treaty; if
they could not control us
politically they still can
economically
Ayaw ng mga Kastila sa
manual labor. Why?
For them, kapag
magaspang yung kamay,
laborer ka at mababa ang
tingin sayo.
OPENING OF THE PHIL.
ISLANGS TO WORLD
TRADE (1834)
British ang nag-open
satin sa world trade ->
Agricultural production
(sugar, abaca, indigo)
We are a neo-colony of
Britain; governed by them
economically
For 200 years we were
receiving Situado from
Mexico; we are a colony of
a colony because we are
being governed by them
BRITISH, CHINESE
ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
Chao Ju Rua
Chinese were tolerated by
the Spaniards as long as
they traded directly

IV.

Condition: bibinyagan ng
Simbahan; donation to the
Dominicans for Chinese
who were new converts
Parian: Chinese
community/settlement
which are served as
markets
Ethnic Chinese: [16th
Century] refused to be
converted to Christianity;
did not intermarry
Chinese Mestizos: [19th
Century] product of
intermarriages
Ilustrados originate from
Chinese Mestizos:
Egalitae (equality)
Liberte (liberalism)
Fraternity (brotherhood)
Chinese were the
wealthiest class in 19th
century because they
wielded economic power
FORMATION OF
PHILIPPINE IDENTITY
(1600s 1700s)

PI 100 NOTES
08 / 30 / 16
TRANSFORMATION FROM
SUBSISTENCE ECONOMY TO CASH
CROP ECONOMY
1.) Galleon Trade (1565-1815)
2.) Opening of the Philippines to
World Trade (1834)
*economic/social actors
Chinese & British
EFFECTS OF THE PROFOUND
TRANSFORMATION:
- Secular Priests vs Regular
Priests
1.) Political
- 1869 Suez Canal
- French Revolution
(1889) // Industrial
Revolution
- ELF: attractive concepts
(mestizos and isulares)
Egalite
Liberte
Fraternite
- Secularization to
Filipinization Movement
- GOMBURZA + the
Propaganda Movement
2.) Sociocultural
FILIPINO
- Before: domestic helper
(oxford)
- nation of servants
- 16th century:
Malayos
Indios Malayos (tawag
satin ng Kastila)
Filipinos (King Philip)
Indios Filipinos (distinguish
Latinos)
- 19th century:
Peninsulares (prayle)

Insulares & Mestizo Class

first to use Filipinos
(political); ELF: aspire kasi
maraming privileges
Indio
Kastila Christian country
American American
Democracy in the Pacific
Manila, Cebu, Iloilo, Vigan:
European businessmen

READINGS:
- Expulsion of the Jesuits
(100 years)
- Kura Paroko (head ng
parishes)
REGULAR PRIEST VS SECULAR
PRIEST
REGULAR PRIEST:
- Belongs to a religious
order (Dominican, Jesuits)
- Peninsular Spaniards
SECULAR PRIEST:
- They dont belong to any
religious order
- Mestizos + native
-economic stability + political
power
priests (1700s), star stymbol
in demand, positions vacated
by Jesuits
-1860s: return of the Jesuits (2
generation ng secular priest)
PADRE
-

JOSE BURGOS
Secularization of parishes
Creole secular
Not liked by friars
Intellectuals, liberals
Articulated the needs of
the secular priests

Political adviser ni Gov.

Gen. Carlos Ma. Dela Torre
(nagbukas ang
Malacanang sa mga
ordinaryong mamamayan)

FRIARS vs REGULAR PRIESTS

Friars would remain in the
colony; first learned the
language of the natives
Regular priests would come
and go
RAMON MAGSAYSAY: ideya niya ang
Libingan ng mga Bayani
CAVITE MUTINY:
- Cavite arsenal (repair,
build galleon ships)
- Polistas: polo y servicios
(forced labor) -> pinagaan
ni Gov. Gen. dela Torre
yung rules
Friars were pressured to be recalled
back to Spain
GEN. GOV. RAFAEL IZQUIERDO
- Conservation (opposite of
dela Torre)
- Binalik yung oppressive
conditions; nagmutiny
yung mga polistas
- Since Burgos yung Cavite
parish priest, sa kanya
naframe yung mutiny
(death on Feb 15, 1872
GOMBURZA)
BURGOS
- Secular native ->
aspiration peninsulares
- Filipinization movement;
secularization movements

GOMEZ & ZAMORA:

magdala ka ng bala
(pantaya/sugal)
mamayang gabi
*coded language (bisyo;
sugal sa gabi)
- accidental heroes

PACIANO MERCADO
- Housemate ni Burgos
- Nagtago ng followers
- Without the 1872
execution, no Rizal,
Plaridel (no propaganda
movement)
JUNE 1872
- Ateneo municipal, Rizal,
stigmatized yung Mercado
kaya nagging Rizal
apelyido niya
* the educated friars are the
enemies
* the propaganda movement ->
anti-frailocrocia movement
* Fray Botod malaking tiyan
Graciano Lopez Jaena
* 10 utos ng prayle
Marcelo H. Del Pilar
* reformists and liberals
didnt trust dela Torre

PI 100 NOTES
09 / 01 / 16
* 2 MAJOR REFORMS:
1.) Representation
2.) Freedom of Speech
*Propaganda Movement: antiFrailocrocia(?) movement
*Socio-Cultural:
- Chinese Mestizos ang
pinakamayaman
ANO ANG EPEKTO NG ELF/FRENCH
REVOLUTION DITO?
- Secularization
- Larangan ng Sining
(panitikan at painting)
- 1500s 1700s: tema ay
religious
Panitikan -> novenas,
prayers
Painting -> Depictions of
angels, etc.
Hagiography: biography of
saints
- 1800s: tema ay secular
Panitikan -> metrical
romances (awit at korido),
comedia, zarzuela
Paintings -> portrait,
landscape, still-life
(describe the lifestyle of
the nuveau riche- bagong
yaman)

JOSE RIZAL (JUNE 19, 1861

DEC 30, 1896)
*Penname: Laong Laan
Malaon nang nakalaan
(predestined)

*2 TENDENCIES OF BIOGRAPHERS
OF RIZAL AS A NATIONAL HERO
- MAGNIFY the life of Jose Rizal
- SANITIZE some aspects of his life
to conform to the norms and mores
of Filipinos
Examples:
MAGNIFY
- He got a grade of
Sobresaliente in his class
(but actually 9 out of 12
sa class nila ay nakakuha
ng grade na yun)
- Yung pagiging polyglot ni
Rizal (hindi naman sya
fluent sa lahat ng mga
languages na
sinasasabing alam niya)
- Nasa philosophy and arts
talaga yung passion ni
Rizal.
SANITIZE
- Rivalry between Jose Rizal
and Antonio Luna (They
both liked N. Bausted; JR
liked her because she was
smart; tatanggapin lang
daw siya kung
magpapaconvert to
Protestantism si Rizal)
- Kontrobersyal yung isyu
with Josephine Bracken
(KUNG KINASAL BA SILA
OR HINDI)
- Bat magpapakasal the
day before the execution?
Rizal had to legitimize pa
his relations.
- Before being sent to
Dapitan, he had a clinic in
HongKong. George
Tauffer(?), ama-amahan
ni Josephine na isang
ampon, was not cured of

blindness. He got blind

because of syphilis.
WENCESLAO RETANA
- Rabid critic of Rizal
- Rizals 1st biographer
- Became an avid fanatic of
Rizal
*first biographers are very formal
AMBET OCAMPO
- Biography niya kay Rizal
ay yung pinakasikat
- Trivializing Rizal
AUSTIN COATES (BRITISH)
- Rizal: Phil. Nationalist &
Martyr (1969)
- Rizal as a predestined
hero
- Anecdotes about JRs
circumstances of birth and
childhood
- Presentiment of his death
- Uncanny safekeeping of
all his collection,
documents, arts, memoirs,
etc.

RIZAL IN THE CONTEXT OF

NINETEENTH-CENTURY
PHILIPPINES
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Flowering of the nationalist
movement in the late 19th
century could scarcely be
possible without the
economic growth
Growth of EXPORT
economy brought increasing
prosperity
PH exports were agricultural
products
Inquilinos who rented land
from friar haciendas;
hacienderos in their own
right; farm them by means of
their share-tenants or
kasama
Domingo Lam-co: Rizals
Chinese ancestor; benefited
from the prosperity which the
new export economy had
brought
It also brought friction
between inquilinos and
haciendas as lands grew in
value and rents were raised
Eventually, this would lead to
inquilinos questioning of the
friars right to the haciendas.
Motive: to weaken the friars
influence in PH political life.
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT
Modernizing Filipinos saw
that the colonial policies of
Spain as positive hindrances
preventing further progress
and threatening what had
already been achieved

In Spain, Liberals vs
Conservatives. Unstable
yung government kaya
impossible magdevelop ng
consistent policy for overseas
colonies.
They used the Philippines as
dumping ground for jobseekers kaya Filipinos were
deprived of job positions.
Tapos these positions are
filled up by those who have
no knowledge or interest in
the country.
With the opening of the Suez
Canal in 1869, maraming
pumupunta at nagstastay
lang hanggang sa may
magain sila.
Other than corruption (taxes
never found its way to public
works, etc.), the government
was unable to provide basic
needs
Guardia Civil failed to rid the
provinces of tulisanes and
became an oppressive force
in the provinces
Because the system became
exploitive and incapable of
producing benefits for the
colony, liberal nationalists
and conservative upper class
Filipinos no longer found any
compelling motive for
maintaining the Spanish
colonial regime.

CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
Key factor in the emergence
of nationalism was the
cultural development
consequent on the rapid
spread of education from
about 1860

Spread of higher education

among Filipinos who could
not afford to go abroad was
more important for
propagating the liberal and
progressive ideas written by
Rizal and del Pilar
Return of Jesuits: one of
the major influences on the

educational developments of
19th century
PH owes the Jesuits the
beginnings of the Natural
Sciences
Jesuits also opened the
Escuela Normal (taught
Spanish)