Food Security Policy in Indonesia

SUSWONO
Minister of Agriculture of The Republic Indonesia

Outline
I.

Indonesian Economic Indicators

II. Characteristics of The Agricultural Sector

III. Indonesian Agriculture Indicator
Development

IV. Agriculture Policy In Indonesia

V. Future Program

VI. Sustainable Food Reserve Garden

Indonesian Economic Indicators

Economic context
Population (million)
Land area (thousand km2)
GDP per capita, PPP (USD)
Trade as % of GDP**
Agriculture in GDP (%)
Agriculture share in employment (%)
Agro-food exports (% of total
exports)
Agro-food imports (% of total
imports)

1990

2011

184
1 911
1 449
42
19.4
55.9

238
1 911
4 293
42
15.3
38.4

14.9

21.5

7.6

9.8

Indonesian Economic Indicators

Land area,
thousand km2
Population,
million
Population
density,
persons/km2
Poverty rate1,
% of
population,
Employed in
agriculture
% of total

Indonesia

Sumatra

Java

Kalimantan

Sulawesi

Maluku

Papua

1911

481

129

544

189

79

416

237.6

50.6

136.6

13.8

17.4

2.6

3.6

124

105

1059

25

92

35

13.3

13.1

12.7

7.4

13.5

18.1

28.3

38.3

49.0

30.1

47.5

49.0

54.2

73.6

Characteristics of The Agricultural Sector

Agro-food trade balance (USD billion)
Crop in total agricultural production (%)
Livestock in total agricultural production (%)
Agricultural area (AA) (million ha)
Share of arable land in AA (%)
Share of irrigated land in AA (%)
Share of agriculture in water consumption (%)
Source: BPS Indonesia;

1990

2011

2.2
80
20
45
45
14
93

20.5
82
18
54
44
17
82

POPULATION AND CONSUMPTION

Indonesian Population in 2010 is 237,6

Million, with rice consumption average 139
kg/capita/year Big Market.
Self-sufficiency on rice and maize have been
attained since 2008.
Food Diversification more to Wheat (import)
instead to Local food.
Wheat imports, in value terms, accounted for
14 per cent of total agricultural imports in
Indonesia
Poor people 30.02 M (12.49%) of which 18.97
M in rural areas (2011).

Indonesian Land Use, 1990-2009

Hectares million
60

50

40

30

20

10

1990

2000
Arable land

Permanent crops

2009
Pastures

Land Distribution for Paddy, Maize Soy Bean

and Sugar Cane, In Indonesia, 2009
Land Occupation
(hectare)

Percentage of Household
(%)

< 0,1
0,1-0,49
0,50-0,99

6,99
46,59
22,46

1,00-1,99
2,00-2,99
>3,00
Total

15,27
5,04
3,65
100

Table .2 Land-People ratio for Food Crop in Some Countries

Countries

No.

1. Indonesia : Paddy Land

Paddy land and Dry land

Total Land (000 ha)

7.886
13.386

Number of People
( 000)

1)

240.000

2))

240.000

Land per capita

(m2/person)
329

3))

558

2. Vietnam

7.500

78.137

960

3. Thailand

31.839

60.925

5.230

4. India

161.750

1.016.938

1.290

5. China

143.625

1.282.172

1.120

8.085

123.406

655

7. Australia

50.304

19.153

26.100

8. Brazilia

58.865

171.796

3.430

6. Bangladesh

Source : Sumarno, 2012

Indonesian Agriculture Indicator

Development
1. Indonesia is the worlds 4th most populous
country and the 10th largest agricultural
producer, just behind Turkey and France and
ahead of Germany and Argentina.
2. It is the worlds most important palm oil
producer, the second-largest natural rubber
producer, and the third-largest rice producer
and consumer after China and India.

Agricultural Policy In Indonesia

SEVEN REVITALIZATION

Land, Seed, Infrastructure,

Manpower,Capital,Institution,
Technology and Downstream industry

Main Target
1.
2.
3.
4.

Increase food production and sustain food self-sufficiency:

Food security and nutrition;

Increase competitiveness, and added value
Increase farmers income

Feed Indonesia Feed The World

1. To increase the food production in
collaboration with Indonesia Chamber of
Commerce (KADIN), we launch Feed
Indonesia Feed The World.
2. This effort becomes a strategic program of of
Agribusiness, Foods and Dairy/Poultry (APP)
to boast Food Resilience in national and
global scales.

Future Program
1. To attract more foreign direct investment in
agriculture, especially in food investment,
our government since the end of 2007
establish a project for food and energy
production called food estate.
2. It is a central governments plan to develop
agricultural production in remote areas,
especially in Papua and Kalimantan.

Future Program
3. Food estate is expected to be able in
resolving any future food crisis. In
Indonesia, the pioneer of food estate is
in Merauke and Papua.
4. Until 2025 the government targeted 2 million
hectare area as a target for food estate
to produce more than 1.95 million tons of
rice each year.

Sustainable Food Reserve Garden

1. Starting from 2010, Ministry of Agriculture
was developed a concepts of sustainable
food reserve garden program (Kawasan
Rumah Pangan lestari KRPL).
2. This program involves women in the family as
the main actor to use homeyard optimally
with vegetable and potential fruits planting
and/or poultry and small ruminant raising.

Sustainable Food Reserve Garden

3. Even with small acreage of homeyard as
small as 100 m2, a women can grow
vegetable in polybags.
4. Since total households in Indonesia is around
40 millions, this role of women in providing
nutrisious food and reducing household
expenditure on food will be significant.