Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
.1I
ssue1,Apr
i
l2016
I
SSN :24557714
I
nt
e
r
na
t
i
ona
l
J
our
na
l
of
EMai
l
:edi
t
or
i
j
cecs@gmai
l
.
com ori
j
cecs@t
r
pubonl
i
ne.
com
Websi
t
e:www.
t
r
pubonl
i
ne.
com
Scarcity of sand and environmental hazards caused due to the depletion of sand has led to the discovery
of new materials for its replacement. Many materials have been discovered to replace sand and have
yielded positive results. Glass is one such material that can be used to replace sand. Glass used in
concrete making leads to greener environment. Recently many sheet glass cuttings go to waste,
which are not recycled at present and usually delivered to landfills for disposal. Also natural resources
are being depleted for collecting sand. Using glass powder in concrete is an interesting possibility for
economy on waste disposal sites and conservation of natural resources. This project examines the
possibility of using glass powder as a replacement in fine aggregate for a new concrete. Natural sand
was partially replaced (10%, 25% and 50%) with glass powder. Compressive strength, Tensile strength
and Flexural strength were compared with those of concrete made with natural fine aggregates. Also
durability tests such as RCPT, acid attack and Sulphate attack were conducted on glass powder concrete
to study the durability properties. The test results showed an increase in strength for glass powder
concrete. This indicates that it is possible to manufacture concrete containing glass powder with
characteristics similar to those of natural sand aggregate concrete.
Keywords: Sand replacement, sheet glass, concrete, glass powder, durability
Introduction
General
The interest of the construction community
in using waste or recycled materials in
concrete is increasing because of the
emphasis placed on sustainable construction.
The waste glass from in and around the small
shops is packed as a waste and disposed as
landfill. Glass is an inert material which
could be recycled and used many times
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India.
Materials
Cement
Ordinary Portland Cement of 53 grade
conforming to IS 2269 (1987) was used. The
properties of cement are given below:
1. Fineness index = 8%
2. Normal consistency of cement = 31%
3. Initial setting time = 38 minutes
4. Specific gravity = 3.12
Aggregates
Aggregates are inert granular materials such
as sand, gravel or crushed stone. They are
also the raw materials that are an essential
ingredient in concrete. For a good concrete
mix, aggregates need to be clean, hard, strong
particles free of absorbed chemicals or
coatings of clay and other fine materials that
could cause the deterioration of
concrete.Aggregates, which account for 60 to
75% of the total volume of concrete, are
divided into coarse or fine depending on
their size. The properties of aggregates used
in this project are mentioned below.
Coarse Aggregates
The fractions from 80 mm to 4.75 mm are
termed as coarse aggregates. The shape of
Fine Aggregates
The fine aggregate used in this investigation
was clean river sand, whose maximum size
is 4.75 mm, conforming to grading zone II.
The sand was dried, sieved and stored.
Specific gravity of sand obtained was 2.39.
Mix Proportions
Water
Experimental investigations
The project deals with the study of concrete
when sand in the concrete is partially
replaced by glass powder. The primary
concern of this study is to determine the
strength and durability characteristics of
glass powder concrete.
Details of Specimens
The cubes prepared for testing of strength
were of dimensions 100 x 100 x 100 mm. The
cubes prepared for durability tests were of
Instrumentation
Curing of Specimens
Compressive Strength
Three numbers of samples in each of
concrete were subjected to compression test
(shown in Figure 4) using the compression
Figure 4: Concrete Cube Under Testing
No. of
Days
Replacement Levels of
Conventional
Glass Powder
Concrete
10%
25% 50%
22.5
26.5
28.5
20.17
26.4
29.9
34.7
21.07
28
35.8
36.3
38.3
35.43
No. of
Days
Replacement Levels of
Conventional
Glass Powder
Concrete
10%
25% 50%
2.17
1.77
1.52
1.11
2.47
1.91
1.69
2.11
28
3.22
2.78
2.35
3.02
No. of
Days
Replacement Levels of
Conventional
Glass Powder
Concrete
10%
25% 50%
8.96
8.27
7.51
7.72
28
12.82
12.11
11.72
11.04
Flexural Strength
Three numbers of beam samples in each of
concrete were subjected to testing using the
compression testing machine as shown in
Figure 8. The result of the average strength
of cylinders is shown in Table 3 and the
comparison of flexural strength of
conventional concrete with that of glass
powder concrete is illustrated using bar chart
in Figure 9.
Durability Tests
Rapid Chloride Penetration Test (RCPT)
Reinforced concrete structures are exposed
to harsh environments. For reinforced
concrete bridges, one of the major forms of
environmental attack is chloride ingress,
which leads to corrosion of the reinforcing
steel and a subsequent reduction in the
This article can be downloaded from http://www.trpubonline.com
6
is filled with a 3% NaCl solution. The righthand side (+) of the test cell is filled with 0.3
N NaOH solution. The system is then
connected and a 60-volt potential is applied
for 6 hours. Readings are taken every 30
minutes. At the end of 6 hours the sample is
removed from the cell and the amount of
coulombs passed through the specimen is
calculated.A schematical representatiom of
the test setup has been illustrated in Figures
10 and 11 shows the arrangement of the
RCPT apparatus in the laboratory.
Type of Concrete
Current Passing
(Coulombs)
Glass Powder
Concrete
3133.13
Conventional
Concrete
2368.73
...(1)
Charge Passed
(Coulombs)
Chloride Ion
Penetrability
> 4,000
High
2,000-4,000
Moderate
1,000-2,000
Low
100-1,000
Very low
< 100
Negligible
Weight
Reduction
Initial
Taken After in Weight
Weight (kg)
Curing (kg)
(%)
8.71
8.58
1.49
8.83
8.73
1.13
Initial
Compressive
Compressive
Strength
Strength
After Curing
2
2
(N/mm )
(N/mm )
Reduction in
Compressive
Strength (%)
35.43
34.26
3.3
38.3
37.1
3.13
Weight Taken
Initial Weight
Reduction in
After Curing
(kg)
Weight (%)
(kg)
Conventional
concrete
8.71
8.11
7.24
Glass powder
concrete
8.83
8.19
6.8
Initial
Compressive
Reduction in
Compressive
Strength
Compressive
Strength
After Curing
Strength (%)
2
2
(N/mm )
(N/mm )
35.43
33.42
5.66
38.3
36.24
5.36
References
1. Chandramouli K, Srinivasa Rao P,
Seshadri Sekhar T, Pannirselvam N and
Sravana P (2010), Rapid Chloride
Permeability Test for Durability Studies
on Glass Fibre Reinforced Concrete,
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied
Sciences, Vol. 5, pp. 67-71.
Conclusion
The following salient conclusions are drawn
from the present investigations.Maximum
compressive strength was achieved at 50%
replacement. Compressive strength of
concrete. Increased by 7.5% when 50% sand
was replaced by glass powder. Tensile
strength achieved its peak value when sand
was replaced by glass powder at 10%
replacement level. Tensile strength was
increased by 6.2%. Flexural strength attained
its maximum value at 10% replacement level
and the increase was by 13.8%. Rapid
Chloride Penetration Test was conducted to
study the chloride ion penetration. On
conducting the experiment the chloride ion
permeability was found to be moderate.
Acid attack and alkalinity attack conducted
on the concrete showed a decrease in weight
and compressive strength. Acid attack
showed a reduction of weight by 6.8% for
conventional concrete and 7.24% for glass
powder concrete. The reduction in
Thomson& Ryber
gPubl
i
cat
i
ons
843/
10/
5,NearPRM School
,Swar
oopNagar
,
Hyder
abad500039
Websi
t
e:www.
t
r
pubonl
i
ne.
com