MughalEmpire(India)

HistoricalIndia

India

WhyistheMughalempirenotregardedasacontinuation
oftheDelhiSultanatebyhistorians?
TheDelhiSultanateisusedtorefertoastate,whichwasruledoverbyasuccessionof
IslamicTurkoAfghandynasties(suchastheKhaljis,SayyidsandtheLodis),and
administeredalargepartofNorthandCentralIndia.WhyistheMughalEmpirenotregarded
asacontinuationoftheDelhiSultanatebyhistorians,withtheMughalsreplacingtheLodis
beforethem.Afterall,DelhicontinuedtobethecapitaloftheMughalempire,andtheAfghans
stillplayedanimportantroleinthenobility.
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LastAskedJan23,2014
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AnthonyTauro,Indian.Currentlylivingabroad.
WrittenMar18,2014

Thisisaverygoodquestion.ThereweresomesimilaritiesbetweentheDelhiSultanateand
theMughalEmpire.
1.BothhadTurkicrulers(thoughnotalloftheSultanswereTurkic).
2.BothwereIslamicmeritocracies.Powerdidnotgofromfathertooldestson
automatically,buttothemostworthysuccessor.
3.Alsoinasensefrom1398theSultansinDelhiruledinthenameofTimurandlaterhis
successorShahRukh.SotherulerwouldnottakethetitleofSultan,andwouldmint
coinsinthenameofeitherTimurorShahRukh.Thatpracticeunderstandably
stoppedafterShahRukhandhisevenweakersuccessors,butestablishesastrong
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argumentforasenseofcontinuity.

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Sowhyaretheyseparate?
1.Changeintherulingeliteasawhole
SooryaNarayanhasalreadymentionedthis.Foronetherewasasteadyerosionin
theTurkicnatureoftheSultanate.TheMamluks(slavedynasty)wereveryTurkic,but
theSayyidswerenot,andtheLodiswerePathan.TheMughalstookDelhibacktocore
Turkicrule.ManyAfghansjoinedBabur,butmanyfoughthimandcontinued
fightingtheMughalstillAkbar'stime.
2.InclusionoftheRajputs
AkbarincorporatedtheRajputsintotheMughalsystemofgovernance.Foralong
timeafterwards,theRajputsfoughtforDelhi,ratherthanagainstDelhi.Thisalliance
continuedintoAurangzeb'stimes(eventhoughaconfederationwasalmostformed
againsthim).Thisinclusionhadfarreachingconsequenceswithrespecttopolicy.
3.Achangeinculture
ThoughHindustani(theoriginofHindiandUrdu)continuedtoflourishunderthe
MughalsitgotaninfluxofPersianwords.TheMughalssupportedcertainaspectsof
Indianculture,andsomewereinfusedwithPersianorTurkicelements.Butoverall
therewasabigchangefromtheSultanatetimes.
4.Architecture
MughalarchitectureisconsidereddifferentfromSultanateeraarchitecture.

Whatisthelegacyofdelhisultanate?
WhichMuslimkingofthePreMughalperiodofthe
DelhiSultanatecanberegardedasagreatking?
HowdoesthenatureoftheDelhiSultanteandthe
MughalEmpirecompare?
WhatisthemaindifferencebetweenDelhiSultanate
ArchitectureandMughalArchitecture?
Whydoesn'tPakistanclaimkinshiporancestrywith
theMughalsortheDelhiSultanatedynasties?
WhatwerethemajordifferencesbetweentheSultans
ofDelhiandNizamsofHyderabad?
WhyaretheresofewMuslimsinDelhiandother
centresoftheMughalEmpire?
WhywastheMarathaConfederacyunwillingtoend
theMughalEmpire,allowingtheMughalemperorsto
stayonasnominalrulersoftheDelhireg...

5.Military
BaburfamouslybroughtcanonstoIndia.Forcenturiesafterwards,thecanons
remainedthebulwarkofMughalpower,andchangedthenatureofwarfareandthe
military.
6.Dynasty
FinallytheMughalsareprobablythegreatestdynastyinIndianhistory.Fromtheir
richheritage,traceabletoGenghisKhanandTimur,totherespectfor"theMughal"in
Indiaforoveracenturyafterthelastgreatruler,itishardtofindanotherequivalent.
JustforthattheyshouldgettheirownidentityindependentoftheSultanate.
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NikhilKrishnan,Indianhistoryenthusiast

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WrittenAug28

Differentorigins:WhileyouarerightinclaimingthattheMughalDynastywas
technicallyasultanateandisTurkicinorigin,thefounderoftheempire,Babur,also
claimedtobedescendedfromtheMongolsandasadescendentofGenghisKhan.I
knowthatthismightnotbeofmuchsignificance,butitispossiblethatthisalso
factorsinwhyitslabelledasanintricatedynasty.

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RelatedQuestions
Whatisthelegacyofdelhisultanate?
WhichMuslimkingofthePreMughalperiodofthe
DelhiSultanatecanberegardedasagreatking?

Differentadministrativesetup:TheSultansoftheDelhiSultanatedidnot
tolerateindependentkingdomsandautonomywithintheirkingdomsandsubdued
theriseofotheruprisingswithinthem.SomeofthemlikeIbrahimLodidetested
regionalrulersandchiefs,whichcouldhavestrengthenedhisauthority.TheMughals,
ontheotherhand,understoodtheimportanceofalliancesandthereforeextended
theirempirebloodlesslybyofferingRajputs,Afghans,Pastunshighpositionsofpower
withinthecourtandinadministrationoftheempire.

HowdoesthenatureoftheDelhiSultanteandthe
MughalEmpirecompare?

Establishedbyinvaders:Ifyouhadthoughtthatthevariousdynastiesofthe
DelhiSultanatewereoverthrownbyforeigninvaders,youwerewrong.Theywere
overthrownbydifferenttribesandrulinghousesthatwerewithinthedynastyby
assassinations(MamluksandKhiljis)abdications(Sayyids)orbecauseoflosingpower
duetoMongolinvasionsunderTimur(Tughlaqs),whonevercondolidatedanempire
inthesubcontinent.BaburwasnowhereconnectedtotheSultanateandwastheruler
ofKabulwhenheseizedtheopportunitytoattackDelhiandwassuccessfulindoing
so.

WhatwerethemajordifferencesbetweentheSultans
ofDelhiandNizamsofHyderabad?

WhatisthemaindifferencebetweenDelhiSultanate
ArchitectureandMughalArchitecture?
Whydoesn'tPakistanclaimkinshiporancestrywith
theMughalsortheDelhiSultanatedynasties?

WhyaretheresofewMuslimsinDelhiandother
centresoftheMughalEmpire?
WhywastheMarathaConfederacyunwillingtoend
theMughalEmpire,allowingtheMughalemperorsto
stayonasnominalrulersoftheDelhireg...

Therefore,youcanseewhytheMughalDynastywasdistinctfromtheotherSultanates
thatruledDelhi.
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SooryaNarayan,:)
WrittenJan24,2014

TheDelhisultanateconsistingoftheSlave,Khilji,Tughlak,SayyidandLodhiDynastieswas
establishedaftertheinvasionofIndiabyMuhammadGhori.Allthe5dynastieswerethe
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politicalsuccessorsofQutubdinAibakandallformedpartoftheoriginalpolitical
organisationsetupaftertheinvasionofMuhammadGhoriandremovalofPrithviRaj
Chauhan.
Noneofthe4dynastieswhichsucceededSlavedynastywereinvadersfromoutside,all
werepowerfulofficialsinsidetheDelhiSultanate.ButMughalsontheotherhandwere
invaderswhowereinvitedtoattackIndiabytheenemiesofIbrahimLodhi.
HencethepoliticalsystemsetupbytheMughalsisconsidereddistinctfromtheDelhi
Sultanate.
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