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Stakeholder Workshop
8th May 2013, London
Introduction
Graham Stein
Technical Policy Manager
Network Strategy
National Grid
graham.stein@nationalgrid.com
Purpose of workshop
Provide information on potential changes to G59 and
G83
Explain why changes are being considered and how
they would be implemented
Inform affected parties how they can get involved in the
decision making progress
To seek views on
how to resolve some technical questions
How best to engage affected parties throughout the
process
3
Agenda
Graham Stein
Martin Lee
Discussion Session
Graham Stein
Martin Lee
All
Introduction
Electricity Transmission
132KV >
Distribution
Electricity Transmission
Transmission Owner
Transmission Owner
Transmission Owner
National Grid
is System
Operator
for whole
of GB
and
offshore
What is
10
Distribution Network
Area
Company
North Scotland
South Scotland
SP Energy Networks
Northern Powergrid
Yorkshire
Northern Powergrid
East Midlands
West Midlands
Eastern England
UK Power Networks
South Wales
Southern England
London
UK Power Networks
UK Power Networks
SP Energy Networks
11
Ten
Year
Statement
Transmission
Licence
Charging
Statements
STC
Transmission
Owners
Grid
Code
BSC
Generation
Licences
Distribution
Licences
CUSC
Bi-lateral
Agreements
DCode
Supply
Licences
DCUSA
12
Distribution
Licences
Licence
Condition 10
Charging
Statements
DCUSA
bi-lateral
Agreements
DCode
Grid
Code
BSC
CUSC
Connectee
13
This process is enacted via the Grid Code Review Panel (GCRP)
and its associated working groups
14
This process is enacted via the Distribution Code Review Panel (DCRP)
and its associated working groups
15
Frequency Control
01:00
02:00
03:00
04:00
05:00
06:00
07:00
08:00
09:00
14:00
15:00
16:00
17:00
18:00
19:00
20:00
21:00
22:00
23:00
Winter Maximum
13:00
Typical Winter
Time
12:00
Typical Summer
11:00
Summer Minimum
10:00
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
00:00
17
Electricity Demand
weather effects
Weather Effect
Temperature
(1C fall in freezing conditions)
Wind
(10kt rise in freezing conditions)
Cloud cover
(clear sky to thick cloud)
Precipitation
(no rain to heavy rain)
Demand
Response
Generating Units
+ 1%
+2%
+3%
+2%
Temperature
(1C rise in hot conditions)
+1%
18
AC Current
Alternating Current (AC) Sinusoidal Waveform
Current Flowing
19
Frequency Limits
Generation
Demand
50.6
50.5
50.4
50.3
50.2
50.1
50.0 Hz
49.9
49.8
52.0 Upper
Operating Limit
49.7
49.6
50.5 Upper
statutory limit
49.5
50.0 Normal
operating frequency
49.4
49.5 Lower statutory limit
49.3
48.8 Demand
49.2disconnection starts
47.8 Demand
49.1disconnection complete
49.0
47.5 Lower
Operating Limit
48.9
20
48.8
48.7
Rotating Mass
21
Normal
frequency
Primary reserve
15 s
3 mins
Instructed Output
Secondary reserve
Tertiary reserve
10 - 15 mins
frequency
LOSS
Without
AGCand
- Loss
occurs response
and frequency
response
arrestschange,
the frequency
change
Loss
occurs
frequency
arrests
the frequency
Instructions
are
then despatched manually to restore response within 10-15 minutes
22
23
Technical Background
Frequency
Automatic frequency
response ramps up over 2
to 10 seconds
50Hz
RoCoF based
protection operates
~500ms
If the volume of
distributed generation
at risk is high enough,
there is a risk that LFDD
occurs
Containment limit
(49.2Hz)
Low Frequency
Demand
Disconnection
Stage 1 (48.8Hz)
Instantaneous Infeed Loss
Time
25
Technical Background
Stored Energy in Transmission Contracted Synchronised Generation for
the 1B Cardinal Point (overnight minimum demand period)
350,000
MWseconds
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
01-Jan-10
04-Jul-10
04-Jan-11
07-Jul-11
07-Jan-12
09-Jul-12
09-Jan-13
26
Technical Assessment
Frequency
50Hz
Measured
Frequency
Simulated
Frequency
Time
27
Technical Assessment
Generator
Power
Step Up
Transformer
Export to the
System
System
Frequency
Time
Output/Frequency for an electrical trip
Output/Frequency for a non-electrical trip
Time
28
Technical Assessment
50.15
500ms
50.2
Frequency (Hz)
50.1
50.05
50
50
49.8
49.95
49.6
01:48:30
49.9
01:48:38
01:48:46
49.85
49.8
49.75
49.7
49.65
01:48:32
01:48:34
01:48:36
Time
Scotland
NW
01:48:38
29
SE
30
Commercial Assessment
Interaction with other system issues
Downward
Regulation
System
Inertia
Voltage
Issues
31
Technical Solutions
Options for Managing the Risk
Limiting the largest loss limits the rate of change
Increasing inertia by synchronising additional plant
reduces the rate of change
Limiting the Rate of Change using automatic action (not
currently feasible)
Changing or Removing RoCoF based protection
32
Changing or Removing
RoCoF based protection
Change proposals are being considered by a joint
DCRP and GCRP workgroup
DNOs, National Grid and Generators are represented
Name
Role
Representing
Mike Kay
Chair
Robyn Jenkins
Technical Secretary
National Grid
Graham Stein
Member
National Grid
William Hung
Member
National Grid
Geoff Ray
Member
National Grid
Jane McArdle
Member
SSE (Generator)
Joe Duddy
Member
RES (Generator)
Paul Newton
Member
EON (Generator)
Joe Helm
Member
Martin Lee
Member
SSEPD (DNO)
John Knott
Member
Andrew Hood
Member
Adam Dyko
Technical Expert
University of Strathclyde
Julian Wayne
Authority Representative
Ofgem
33
Changing or Removing
RoCoF based protection
The workgroup has
Published an open letter to stakeholders
Informing of a possible change with widespread impact
Stating how policy decisions will be made
How to get involved (workshops scheduled end of April)
Changing or Removing
RoCoF based protection
The workgroup has also
Developed a view of future frequency rates of change
Risk of rates of up to 1Hzs-1 plausible by 2020
35
Changing or Removing
RoCoF based protection
The workgroup intends to
Table its proposals for generating plant of 5MW and
greater in July
Proposals will include a view of costs, benefits and risks for
affected parties
Any changes will be subject to a consultation to follow
Q&A
Design Philosophy
Frequency Resilience WG
Distribution Network Operators
Design Approaches to Distributed
Generation
Martin Lee
Scottish and Southern Energy Power Distribution plc.
8th May, London
Safety
Of the public
For DNO staff and their contractors
Equipment belonging to anyone/everyone
This is the primary purpose of the existing arrangements
and is the driver for the legislation.
Power islands are not expected, and should not be
allowed to form.
40
Legal
41
Prevention of Islands
42
Earthing
Earthing
Circuit Breaker
11,000/433v transformer
HV winding
45
Earthing
Circuit Breaker
11,000/433v transformer
HV winding
Earthing
11,000/433v transformer
HV winding
Circuit Breaker
11kV
11kV
Phase to earth fault
One phase earthed by fault, other two phases rise to line to line voltage from
Earth potential.
47
Earthing
Circuit Breaker
11,000/433v transformer
HV winding
NVD protection
Protection
49
DNO Viewpoint
Q&A
53
Content
Demand Connection
Sets functional requirements for new demand users and distribution network
connections to the transmission system, basic Demand Side Response
capabilities, as well as responsibilities on TSOs and DSOs.
HVDC
Operational Security
Sets common rules for ensuring the operational security of the pan European
power system.
Explains how TSOs will work with generators to plan the transmission system
in everything from the year ahead to real time.
Creates the rules for operating pan-European Day Ahead and Intraday
markets, explains how capacity is calculated and explains how bidding zones
will be defined.
Balancing
Sets out the rules to allow TSOs to balance the system close to real time and
to allow parties to participate in those markets.
Sets out rules for buying capacity in timescales before Day Ahead and for
hedging risks.
55
Thresholds
Under the ENTSO-E Provisions Type A C Power
Generating Modules are connected below 110kV and
ranging in size between 800 W 30MW
Type D is any Power Generating Module which is
connected at or above 110kV or is 30MW or above
In summary Type A C Power Generating Modules will
be connected to the Distribution Network and need to
comply with the requirements of the Distribution Code
Type D Generating Modules will either be directly
connected and need to comply with the requirements of
the Grid Code or Embedded and need to meet the
requirements of the Distribution Code and Grid Code
56
Topic
Frequency range
Frequency Range
58
Frequency Range
59
60
Key Points
The Requirements For Generators Network Code has been
recommended to the European Commission for adoption by ACER
(the European Regulators)
Implementation of its provisions within Great Britain is under
discussion
A number of options for implementation are currently being
considered
Timelines
2013
2015
2016
Workgroup
Code and ER
Consultation
Implementation
2014
ER G59/3
RoCoF >=5MW
RoCoF<5MW etc
Anticipated timeline for Comitology and GB Implementation of
RfG and DCC European Codes
ER G83/1-1 and
G83/2 both valid
Protection Setting Changes for plant >=5MW
Protection Setting Changes for remaining plant
63
Discussion
Discussion Topics
Question
Explanation
Thank You
67