CHEM 151 EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE

1. What are the steps of the scientific method? What is a hypothesis? What is the difference
between a theory and a law?
2. Explain the Law of Conservation of Mass.
3. Explain the Law of Definite Proportions.
4. What are the properties of solids, liquids, and gasses? How are they similar and different?
5. What is a pure substance? Whats the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous
mixtures?
6. What is the difference between kinetic and potential energy?
7. What is the difference between accuracy and precision? What are significant digits? *Be able to
round off appropriately.
S1) A student performs an experiment to determine the density of a sugar solution. She obtains
the following results: 1.79 g/mL, 1.81 g/mL, 1.80 g/mL, 1.81 g/mL. If the actual value for the
density of the sugar solution is 1.80 g/mL, which statement below best describes her results?
A) Her results are precise, but not accurate.
B) Her results are accurate, but not precise.
C) Her results are both precise and accurate
D) Her results are neither precise nor accurate.
E) It isn't possible to determine with the information given.
8. What are the three temperature scales? *Be able to convert to different temperature scales
(formulas will be provided).
S2) The outside temperature is 55C, what is the temperature in F?
A) 131F
B) 12.8F
C) 23F
D) 77F
E) 99F
9. What are the SI units for mass, time, and volume? *Be familiar with the prefixes and how to use
them in conversions
S3) The mass of a single zinc atom is 1.086 10-22 g. This is the same mass as
A) 1.086 10-16 mg.
B) 1.086 10-25 kg.
C) 1.086 10-28 g.
D) 1.086 10-31 ng.

S4) The average distance between nitrogen and oxygen atoms is 115 pm in a compound called
nitric oxide. What is this distance in millimeters?
A) 1.15 10-8 mm
B) 1.15 10-7 mm
C) 1.15 1013 mm
D) 1.15 1017 mm
10. What is the difference between a physical property and a chemical property? and physical
and chemical changes?
11. Describe the modern model of the atom? What are the parts and their relative sizes and
charges?
12. What is the difference between the mass number and atomic number?
13. What is atomic notation? What two numbers are present and where?
S5) What does "X" represent in the following symbol?
X
A) silicon
B) sulfur
C) zinc
D) ruthenium
E) nickel
14. What is an isotope?
15. What are periods and groups on the periodic table? Where are the metals, nonmetals, and
semimetals? Whats another name for the semimetals?
16. What are key characteristics of metals? of nonmetals? of semimetals? (i.e., conductivity,
malleability, location of the periodic table, etc.)
S6) Which of the following elements is NOT a metal?
A) Ba
B) Mg
C) Xe
D) Pb
E) Ga
17. What is the group (family) name for Group 1 (1A) elements? of Group 17 (7A) elements?
Describe their relative reactivities of these two groups compared to other groups?
18. What is the family name for Group 2 (2A) elements? of Group 18 (8A) elements? Describe the
reactivity of Group 18 (8A).
19. What is an ion? What is the different between a cation and an anion? What is the difference
between a monoatomic and polyatomic ion?

20. What are the predicted charges for ionic species of the main family elements?
S7) Predict the charge that an ion formed from sulfur would have.
A) 1B) 6+
C) 3D) 4+
E) 2S8) Predict the charge that an ion formed from sodium would have.
A) 1B) 6+
C) 3D) 1+
E) 221. What is an isotope? What is the atomic mass number?
S9) Calculate the atomic mass of gallium if gallium has 2 naturally occurring isotopes with the
following masses and natural abundances:
Ga-69 68.9256 amu
Ga-71 70.9247 amu

60.11 %
39.89 %

A) 69.72 amu
B) 69.93 amu
C) 70.00 amu
D) 69.80 amu
E) 70.68 amu
S10) Silver has an atomic mass of 107.868 amu. The Ag-109 isotope (108.905 amu) is 48.16 %.
What is the amu of the other isotope?
A) 106.905 amu
B) 106.908 amu
C) 106.903 amu
D) 106.911 amu
22. What is a mole? What is Avogadros Number? *Be able to use this as a conversion factor.

S11) Calculate the mass (in ng) of 2.33 x 1020 atoms of oxygen.
A) 6.19 106 ng
B) 1.62 107 ng
C) 2.25 103 ng
D) 3.73 106 ng
E) 4.69 107 ng
S12) How many xenon atoms are contained in 2.36 moles of xenon?
A) 3.92 1024 xenon atoms
B) 2.55 1023 xenon atoms
C) 1.42 1024 xenon atoms
D) 7.91 1025 xenon atoms
E) 1.87 1026 xenon atoms
23. What is molar mass? How is it related to the formula mass? *Be able to use this as a conversion
factor.
S13) Calculate the molar mass for Mg(ClO4)2.
A) 223.21 g/mol
B) 123.76 g/mol
C) 119.52 g/mol
D) 247.52 g/mol
E) 75.76 g/mol
S14) How many molecules are in 2.50 moles of SO2?
A) 4.52 x 1024 molecules
B) 1.51 x 1024 molecules
C) 5.02 x 1023 molecules
D) 3.01 x 1024 molecules
E) 7.53 x 1023 molecules
S15) How many atoms of nitrogen are in 2.50 moles of NO2?
A) 4.52 x 1024 atoms
B) 1.51 x 1024 atoms
C) 5.02 x 1023 atoms
D) 3.01 x 1024 atoms
E) 7.53 x 1023 atoms
24. What is the difference between an ionic and a covalent bond? What combinations of metals
and/or nonmetals generally tend to form which types of bonds? what about polyatomic ions
(what type of bonding is involved)?

S16) What is the charge on the Sc ions in Sc2O3?

A) 3B) 1+
C) 2+
D) 3+
S17 Write the formula for the compound formed between potassium and sulfur.
A) KS
B) KS2
C) K2S
D) K2SO3
E) K3S2
S18) Write the formula for barium nitrite.
A) Ba3N2
B) BaNO3
C) BaN
D) Ba(NO2)2
E) Ba(NO2)3
S19) Write the formula for barium nitride.
A) Ba3N2
B) Ba(NO3)2
C) BaN
D) Ba2N3
E) Ba(NO2)2
25. What are binary ionic compounds? Why is often necessary to indicate the charge of transition
metal ions? What are molecular elements?
S20) Give the name for SnO.
A) tin (I) oxide
B) tin (II) oxide
C) tin (III) oxide
D) tin (IV) oxide
S21) Determine the name for TiCO3. Remember that titanium forms several ions.
A) titanium (II) carbonate
B) titanium carbide
C) titanium carbonite
D) titanium (II) carbonite
E) titanium (I) carbonate

26. What is the difference between binary and oxyacids?

27. What are hydrates? How do you indicate the degree of hydration?
28. What is mass percent?
S22) Give the mass percent of oxygen in C14H19NO2.
A) 13.72 %
B) 72.07 %
C) 8.21 %
D) 6.00 %
S23) Calculate the mass percent composition of oxygen in Al2(SO4)3.
S24) Calculate the mass percent composition of sulfur in Al2(SO4)3.
A) 28.12 %
B) 9.372 %
C) 42.73 %
D) 21.38 %
E) 35.97 %

Answers to sample problems (denoted above with an S):

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.

C
A
B
B
A
C
E
D
A
A
A
C
A
B
B
D
C
D
A
B
A
A
56.11 %
A