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2)
INTRODUCTION
Tulak ng bibig, kabig ng dibdib. Simply put, it means that a speaker may not mean
what s/he says. Therefore, a more critical look at how conversations take place,
may help unravel the complexities in meanings. This is why a study such as this is
important.
The
second, more subtle, intention in the definition of meaning-nn is for the audience to
recognize the speakers communicative intention.
A general principle
Be perspicuous.
Avoid obscurity of expression.
Avoid ambiguity.
Be brief ( avoid unnecessary prolixity).
Be orderly.
There can be circumstances when a speaker may violate one or more of the
maxims especially when the speaker says something that may seem false (violating
4 A Major Paper in COMA 202 by Maria Lourdes V. Vitales
Conceptual Framework
This study adopts the same Input-Process-Output concept used in the
previous discourse analysis to illustrate the conceptual framework.
Input
Personal Discourse
during Lunch
Process
Record conversation
Transcription of
recorded conversation
Output
Result of the
analyses
Implications
Analysis
Recommenda
tion
Figure 1. The IPO of the discourse analysis using Pragmatics
(2)
JR:
BOY 3:
(4)
(5)
MYAN:
(6)
GIRL 3:
(7)
(8)
BOY 3:
(9)
JR:
(10)
Jonathan: = Amen.
speaker agrees that toyo (soy sauce) is a good food seasoning; that toyo is a good
appetite enhancer;
that the food needs toyo because it is bland; or that the boy needed more viand
extender. In this case,
and judging by the reaction of the two girl companions,(5) MYAN:
nyo nga tong u
7 A Major Paper in COMA 202 by Maria Lourdes V. Vitales
= Oy, bigyan
(13)
local word nyan could be translated as that in English. The same request is
repeated in utterance #13
but this time, the word nyan (that) is replaced by kutsilyo (knife). The repetition is
an act of clarification
and reiteration of the first request. There are no other meanings attached to both.
(15)
separate conversations within the group just like in utterance # 15. The speaker has
the tendency to
introduce topics outside of the circle. In this utterance, the speaker is seemingly
interested with a
particular member of the crowd who is wearing costume and he wants to know if his
recipient is
acquainted with the subject of his inquiry.
(39)
(40)
MYAN: Ito-
(41)
speakers apology to his friend (Jason) because the kanin (rice) is served to him (JR)
by the service crew
(64)
(65)
An unexpected shift from the usual bantering occurs her. Satisfied with the
meal, Jonathan
greeted the birthday girl and Maniya responded a thank you. Although the reply
may be perfunctory,
as would the case of any other birthday celebrant greeted by happy birthday, the
intended meaning is
clear.
(20)
(21)
(22)
(23)
(25)
(26)
(27)
ARVI: (To the member of the service crew) Thank you po.
Again, another mock pretence at decorum from Arvi (utterances # 22, 25
and 27) that rouses the
(28)
(29)
ARVI: (to member of the service crew)< Anong course mo, kuya?
Nursing?
(31)
(32)
This obvious attempt did not escape Myans attention who immediately
jokes:
(33)
(35)
ARVI: Ay(.) (to Jason) ate. (To the member of the service crew)
Ang gwapo mo , pards.
(37)
(38)
to interpret the meanings of their commonly incomplete statements. Its like saying
that they are so
familiar of each other that they can finish each others sentences.
This group is also fond of violating the maxim of manner except for one
be brief. The maxim of
(49)
(50)
(51)
(52)
The following transcription symbols are based on the Jefferson System named
after its developer, Gail Jefferson (Atkinson and Heritage). More abbreviated
accounts are in the books by Hutchby and Wooffitt, and ten Have. Below are the
transcription
symbols
retrieved
from
http://homepages.lboro.ac.uk/~ssca1/notation.htm:
(.)
(.3), (2.6)
word,word
A: word [word
B:
[word
.hh, hh
wo(h)rd
worwo:rd
( )
The equals sign shows that there is no discernible pause between two
speakers' turns or, if put between two sounds within a single speaker's
turn, shows that they run together
A: word=
B: =word
word, WORD
word
>word word<
<word word>
((sniff))
(1)
(2)
JR:
(3)
BOY 3:
(4)
(5)
MYAN:
(6)
GIRL 3:
(7)
(8)
BOY 3:
(9)
JR:
(10)
Jonathan: = Amen.
(11)
[[may toyo=
(13)
(14)
BOY 2:
(15)
BOY 3:
(16)
(17)
(17)
MANIYA: >Ay?
(18)
(19)
(20)
(21)
(22)
(23)
(24)
(25)
(26)
(27)
ARVI: (To the member of the service crew) Thank you po.
(28)
(29)
(30)
ARVI: (to member of the service crew)< Anong course mo, kuya?
Nursing?
(31)
(32)
(33)
(35)
(36)
(37)
(38)
(39)
(40)
MYAN: Ito-
(41)
(42)
(43)
(44)
BOY 3: Hoy ate (.) tawagin mo nga. Kuya, half rice lang.
(45)
(46)
(47)
(48)
(49)
(50)
(51)
(52)
(53)
(54)
(55)
simultaneous
(group laugh)
(56)
JONATHAN: Yun na nga yon. Yun yungyun yung technique dun (1)
Isa mu - isa magbo-bottomless tas (words) para
pareparehong bottomless na.
(58)
(59)
(60)
(61)
(62)
JONATHAN: Hay[nako.
(63)
MYAN:
(64)
(65)
(66)
BOY 5: Hoy?!
(67)
(68)
(69)
(70)
(71)
(72)
JONATHAN: Huh?
(73)
(74)
MANIYA: Huh?
(75)
(76)
(77)
JR: Oo naman.