Chapter6 Areaundergraph

CHAPTER 14 GRADIENT AND AREA UNDER A GRAPH
Speed-time graph
Distance-time graph
gradient represent rate of change of

speed
the area under graph represent the
distance traveled
Gradient - represents speed

Distance traveled vertical axis
distance
speed
stationary
constant/uniform speed
speed
deceleration
acceleration
Area =
distance travelled
0
time
time
c
a
a
Area = ab
Area =
1
ab
2
Area =
1
a(b+c)
2
14.1 Speed-Time Graph

A. Area
EXAMPLE
1.
EXERCISE (A)
EXERCISE (B)
1.
12
8
4
Area =
10
1
x4 x3
2
=6
Gradient And Area Under A Graph
12
2.
7
13
Area =
=
12 x 4
48
3.
6
4
6
10
Area =
16
10
12
1
(6 + 10) x 4
2
32
4.
5
10
12
8
8
B. Area Under Graph
speed
Example 1
(i)
Distance during the first 2 seconds

= area A
=
A
B
2
(ii)
Distance during the last 4 seconds

= area B
=4 x 5
= 20
(iii)
Total distance during 6 seconds

= area A + area B
= 5 + 20
= 25
Time
Exercise 1
speed
5
A
0
1
x 2x 5 = 5
2
B
4
10
i)
ii)
iii)
Time
Example 2
Speed
i)
Distance in the first 2s

= area A
=
1
x (3 + 6) x 2
2
=9
3
Time
ii)
Distance in the last 6 s

= area B
=6 x 3
= 18
iii)
Total distance in 8 s
= area A + area B
= 9 + 18
Exercise 2
speed
i)
ii)
iii)
time
Example 3
speed
i)

= area A
=
ii)
B

= area C
=
iii)
8
time
iv)
1
x2 x 5=5
2
1
x2 x 5=5
2
Distance during constant speed

= area B
= 4 x 5 = 20
Total distance
= area A + area B + area C
= 5 + 20 + 5
= 30
Exercise 3
speed
i)
ii) Distance during the last 2 seconds
iii) Distance during constant speed

0
9
time
iv) Total distance
Example 4
speed
i)

= area A

= area B
=
0
1
x (2 + 4) x 5 = 15
2
1
x 4 x 7 = 14
2
iii) Total distance

= area A + area B
= 15 + 14
= 29
12
Time
Exercise 4
speed
i)
9
7
2
iii) Total distance

0
10
14
Time
Example 5
speed
i)
10
6
A
=
5
10
1
x 5 x 6 = 15
2

= area C

= area A
12
Time
1
x (10 + 6) x 2 = 16
2
iii) Total distance

= 15 + 30 + 16
= 61
speed
Exercise 5
i) Distance during the first 2 seconds
12
4
10
iii) Total distance
Time
Example 6
speed
i)
Distance in the first 2 seconds
= area A =
1
(2 + 5) x 2 = 7
2
ii) Distance in the last 6 seconds
B
2
= area C =
C
6
12
1
(5 + 8) x 6 = 39
2
iii) Total distance during 12 seconds

= 7 + 20 + 39 = 66
Time
Exercise 6
speed
i)
Distance in the first 2 seconds
7
4
ii) Distance in the last 5 seconds
2
0
B
2
C
5
10
Time
iii) Total distance during 10 seconds
C.
Rate Of Change Of Speed
Rate of change of speed =
final speed - initial speed

time taken
speed
+ve acceleration
ve - deceleration
Example 1
4
Find the rate of change of speed in the first 5
seconds
Final speed = 4
Initial speed = 0
12
time
speed
40 4
=
@ 0.8
5
5
Exercise 1
i) Find the rate of change of speed in the first 3
seconds.
ii)
Find the rate of change of speed in last 4

seconds.
time
speed
Example 2
i) Find the rate of change of speed in the first 10
seconds
Final speed = 9
Initial speed = 7
9
7
2

10
14
time
ii) Find the rate of change of speed in the last 4

seconds
Final speed = 0
Initial speed = 9
speed
97
=1
2
09 9
=
4
4
Exercise 2
i)
Find the acceleration in the first 6 seconds
4
ii) Find the deceleration in the last 2 seconds
6
time
Example 3
speed
i)

seconds
Final speed = 5
Initial speed = 0

0
3
9 time
50 5
=
3
3

seconds
Final speed = 0
Initial speed = 5
05 5
=
2
2
Exercise 3
speed
i)
6
0
4
10
12
time

seconds
Final speed =
Initial speed =

seconds
Example 4
i)
speed
6

seconds
Final speed = 3
Initial speed = 6
3
0
time

seconds
Final speed = 0
Initial speed = 8
36 3
=
=-1
3
3
08 4
=
= -2
2
2
speed
Exercise 4
i)
10
Find the deceleration in the first 5 seconds
5
ii) Find the deceleration in the last 2 seconds
0
10
12
time
speed
ii) Find the rate of change of speed in the first 6

seconds
24
20
14

seconds
0
10
18 time
D.
Find The Value Of V (Speed)

Example 1
speed
Distance travelled in 6 seconds is 30 m

Area A =
A
1
x 6 x v = 30
2
3v = 30
v=
6 time
speed
30
= 10
3
Exercise 1
Distance travelled in 8 seconds is 40 m
8 time
Example 2
speed
Distance travelled in the first 4 seconds is 20 m

v
1
(2 + v) x 4 = 20
2
2
0
10
2(2 + v) = 20
2 + v = 20/2
= 10
v = 10 2
=8
time
Exercise 2
speed
Distance travelled in the first 6 seconds is

24 m
v
3
0
12 time
10
speed
Example 3
Total distance travelled in 11 seconds is 60 m
Area A + Area B + Area C = 60
A
0
1
1
x 4 x 6 ]+ [3 x 6 ] + [ x (6 + v) x 4 ] = 60
2
2
12 + 18 + 2(6 + v)
2(6 + v)
6+v
v
11 time
speed
= 60
= 60 30
= 30/2
= 15 6
=9
Exercise 3
Total distance travelled in first 14 seconds is 96 m
0
4
14 time
speed
Example 4
Total distance travelled in 12 s is 60 m
Area A + area B + area C = 60
B
3
1 x (2 + 6) x 3 ] + [5 x 6] + [ 1 x (6 + v) x 4 ]= 80
2
2
12 + 30 + 2(6 + v)
2(6 + v)
6+v
v
C
8
12 time
speed
Exercise 4
Total distance travelled in 14 s is 140 m
10
4
0
= 80
= 80-12-30
= 38/2
= 19 6
= 13
12
14
time
11
time
E.
Find The Value Of T (Time)
speed
10
A
0
B
4
time
Example 1
Total distance during T s is 50m.
Area A = (4)(10)/2 = 20
Area B = (T 4)(10)
Total distance = 20 + (T 4)(10) = 50
(T 4)(10) = 50 20
10 T 4 = 30
10 T = 30 + 40
10 T = 70
T = 70 / 10
T=7
speed
Exercise 1.
Total distance during T s is 56 m.
10
A
0
B
4
time
Example 2.
Total distance in T s is 58m.
speed
6
A
0
B
4
time
speed
Area A = (6 8)( 4) / 2 14 2 28
Area B = (T 4)6
Total distance = 28 + (T 4)6 = 58
(T 4)6 = 58 28
= 30
(T 4) = 30/6
=5
T =5+4
T =9
Exercise 2
4
A
0
B
5
time
12
speed
5
3
B
A
0
time
Example 3.
Area A = (3)(2) / 2 = 3
Area B = (4)(3) = 12
Area C = ( 5 + 3)(T 6)/2
Total distance = 3 +12 + (8)( T 6)/2 = 55
15 + 4(T 6) = 55
4(T 6) = 55 15
= 40
T 6 = 40/4
= 10
T = 10 + 6
= 16
speed
Exercise 3.
7
4
B
A
0
time
speed
Example 4.
Area A = (2 + 6)(3)/2 = 12
Area B = 2 6 12
Area C = (6 + 8)(T 5)/2
Total distance = 12 + 12 +7(T 5) = 45
24 +7(T 5) = 45
7(T 5) = 45 24
(T 5) = 21 / 7 = 3
T =3+5=8
8
6
2
0
time
speed
Exercise 4.
8
6
2
0
time
13
F.
Average Speed
Average speed =
Total dis tan ce

Total time
speed
Example 1
Total Distance = Area A + Area B
= (2)(8) / 2 + (8)(2)
=
8
+ 16
= 24
Total Time = 4
time
speed
Average Speed = 24 / 4
= 6
Exercise 1
Find the average speed in the first 4 seconds
time
speed
Example 2
Total Distance = Area A + Area B
= (6+8)4/2 + (6)(8)/2
= 28
+ 24
= 52
Total Time = 10
8
6
A
10 time
speed
= 5.2
Exercise 2
Find the average speed in the first 6 seconds.
4
2
A
time
14
speed
Example 1
A
0
B
2
Total Distance = Area A + Area B + Area C

= (2)(6) / 2 + (2)(6) + (3)(6)/2
=
6
+ 12
+ 9
= 27
Total Time = 7
= 3.86
C
4
time
speed
Exercise 3
Find the average speed in the first 8 second.
10
C
6
time
speed
Example 1
Total Distance = Area A + Area B + Area C
= (4)(3)/2 + (3)(4) + (4+8)(4)/2
=
6 + 12
+ 24
= 42
Total Time = 10
8
4
A
0
B
3
= 4.2
C
6
10 time
speed
Exercise 4
Find the average speed in the first 10 seconds.
8
11
A
0
B
4
C
7
10 time
15
14.2 Distance-Time Graph

A.
Distance And Speed
Example 1
Distance(km)
Distance from O to A = 12 0 = 12
12
Speed from O to A
Time(hrs)
Exercise 1
Distance(km)
A
12
= Distance / Time
= 12/3
= 4 km/h
Find:
i) Distance from O to A
ii) Speed from O to A

4
Time(hrs)
Example 2
Distance(km)
A
12
Distance from O to A = 12 0 = 12
Speed from O to A
= Distance / Time
=
60
= 12 km/h
Time(minutes)
Exercise 2
Distance(km)
Find the speed from O to A
16
12
60 / 60
40
Time(minutes)
16
B.
Average Speed
Distance(km)
B
20
Example 1
Total distance from O to B = 20
Total time from O to B
= 90 minutes
Average speed (km/h)
30
90
Time(minutes)
Exercise 1
B
30
10
40
Time(minutes)
Find the average speed in km/h from O to B.
20
Distance(km)
8
Exercise 2
B
80
Find the average speed in km/h from O to B
Distance(km)
30
20
90 / 60
= 13.33
Distance(km)
10
90
Time(minutes)
B
Exercise 3
Find the average speed in km/h from O to B.
10
Time(hrs)
17
Questions Based On Examination Format
Speed (m s-1)
Example 1
The diagram shows the speed-time graph of a particle over a
period of T seconds. Given that the total distance travelled in T
seconds is 90 m. Calculate
a) its acceleration in the first 4 seconds.
b) the value of T
14
10
Solution
0
Time (s)
a)
Final speed initial speed 14 10 4

=
= =1
time
4
4
b) area A + area B = 90
1
x(14 10) x 4 (T 4) x14 90
2
48 + (T 4) x 14
(T - 4) x 14
T - 4
Speed (m s-1)
Exercise 1
The diagram shows the speed-time graph of a particle over a
period of T seconds. Given that the total distance travelled in T
seconds is 124 m. Calculate
c) its acceleration in the first 4 seconds.
d) the value of T
20
12
Solution
0
= 90
= 90 - 48
= 42/14
= 3 + 4 = 7
Time (s)
18
Speed (m s-1)
Example 2
The diagram shows the speed-time graph of a particle
over a period of 11 seconds. Calculate the value of u in
each of the following cases
a) Its acceleration in the first 7 seconds is 2 m s-2.
b) The total distance travelled during the 11 seconds
is 138m
20
u
0
11
Time (s)
Solution
20 u
a)
= 2
7
20 - u = 14
u = 6
b)
1
1
x (20 + u) x 7 +
x 4 x 20 = 138
2
2
1
x (20 + u) x 7
= 138 - 40
2
(20 + u) x 7
20 + u
u
Speed (m s-1)
98(2)
196/7
28 20
8
Exercise 2
The diagram shows the speed-time graph of a
particle over a period of 10 seconds. Calculate the
value of u in each of the following cases
a) Its acceleration in the first 6 seconds is 0.5 ms-2.
b) The total distance traveled in the 10 seconds is
58 m
8
u
=
=
=
=
10
Time (s)
Solution
19
Example 3
Speed (m s-1)
The diagram shows the speed-time graph of an

object over a period of 17 seconds. Calculate
a) its deceleration in the first 7 seconds
b) the value of u, if the distance travelled in the
last 10 seconds is 87 m.
20
u
12
Solution
12 20 8
=
7
7
1
1
b) x (u + 12) x 2 +
x u x 8 = 87
2
2
a)
17
Time (s)
(u + 12) + 4u
5u
Speed (m s-1)
Exercise 3
The diagram shows the speed-time graph of an
object over a period of 14 seconds. Calculate
a) its deceleration during the first 4 seconds
b) the value of u, if the distance travelled in the
last 10 seconds is 150 m.
29
u
15
Solution
= 87
= 87 12
u = 15
10
14
Time (s)
20
Distance from A (km)

240
Example 4
Q
144
S
0
Time(hrs)
In the diagram, OPQ is the distance-time graph of a car

traveling from town A to town B. The straight line
RPS represents the distance-time graph of a van
traveling from town B to town A. Calculate the
a) average speed, in km h-1 , of the car from town A
to B
b) value of t if the van traveled at uniform speed.
Solution
total distance 240

=
= 60 km h-1
time
4
a)
b)
144
= 80
t
80t = 144
t = 1.2
Distance from A (km)

250
144
R
P
S
0
Exercise 4
Time(hrs)
In the diagram, OPQ is the distance-time graph of a car

traveling from town A to town B. The straight line
RPS represents the distance-time graph of a van
traveling from town B to town A. Calculate the
a) average speed, in km h-1 , of the car from town A
to B
b) value of t if the van travelled at uniform speed.
Solution
21
PAST YEAR QUESTIONS

1. Nov 2003
Speed (ms-1)
Diagram shows the speed-time graph of a particle for a

period of 17 s.
18
a) State the length of time, in s, that particle moves

with uniform speed.
b) Calculate the rate of change of speed,

in ms 2 , in the last 4 s
13
17
Time (s)
c) Calculate the value of u , if the total distance

traveled in the first 13 s is 195 m.
[ 6 marks]
2. Nov 2004
Diagram shows the distance-time graph for the
journeys of a car and a bus. The graph JKLM
represents the journey of the car and the graph JLN
represents the journey of the bus. Both vehicles
depart from town T at the same time and travel along
the same road.
Distance from town T (km)
170
a) State the length of time, in hours, during

which the car is stationary.
120
48
0.5
0.8
b) Calculate the average speed, in km h 1 ,

of the car over the 2 hour period.
J
0
2.0
c) At a certain time during the journey, both

vehicles are at the same location.
i) Find the distance, in km , between that
location and town T.
ii) State the time taken by the bus to reach
that location from town T.
3. Nov 2005
.
Speed (ms-1)
[6 marks]
Diagram shows the speed-time graph of a particle for a
period of t seconds.
21
a) State the length of time, in s, that the particle

moves with uniform speed.
b) Calculate the rate of change of speed, in ms-2, in the
first 5 seconds.
c) Calculate the value of t, if the total distance
traveled for the period of t seconds is 148 meters.
[6 marks]
9
1
0
12
Time (s)
4. July 2006
22
Speed (ms-1)
Diagram shows the speed-time graph for the movement
of a particle for a period of 30seconds.
25
a) State the length of time, in s, for which the particle

moves with uniform speed.
b) Calculate the rate of change of speed, in ms-2, in the
last 8 seconds.
c) Calculate the value of u, if the distance traveled in
the last 14 seconds is 229 m.
[6 marks]
16
22
30
Time (s)
5. Nov 2006, Q9
Diagram 4 shows the speed-time graph for the movement of a particle for a period of 20
seconds.
(a)
(b)
State the uniform speed, in ms-1, of the particle.

The distance traveled by the particle with uniform speed is 84m.
Calculate
(i)
the value of t,
(ii)
the average speed, in ms-1, of the particle for the period of 20 seconds.
[ 6 marks ]
8 Julai 2007.
23
Diagram 3 shows the speed-time graph for the movement of a particle for a
period of 20 seconds.
Speed (m s-1)
36
24
15
20 Time (s)
Diagram 3
(a)
State the uniform speed, in ms-1, of the particle.
(b)
Calculate the rate of change of speed, in ms-2, in the last 5 seconds.
(c) Given that the distance traveled by the particle in the first 15
seconds is 408 meters, calculate the value of t .
[6 marks]
9 November 2007.
Diagram 5 shows the distance-time graph for the journeys of a bus and
a taxi .
Distance (km)
Town B
90
Q
30
Town A
P
0
30 40
K
65
150
Time (minutes)
Diagram 5
The graph PQRS represents the journey of the bus from town A to town B.
The graph JK represents the journey of the taxi from B to town A.
The bus leaves town A and the taxi leaves town B at the same and they
travel along the same road.
(a) State the length of time, in minutes, during which the car is stationary.
(b) (i) If the journey starts at 9.00 a.m., at what time do the vehicles
meet ?
24
(ii) Find the distance, in km, from town B when the vehicles
meet .
(c) Calculate the average speed, in km h-1, of the bus for the whole journey.
10 Jun 2008.
Diagram 10 shows a speed-time graph for the movement of a particle for a
period of 25 s.
Speed (m s-1)
28
u
10
12
16
25 Time (s)
Diagram 10
(a)
State the duration of time s, for which the particle moves with uniform
speed.
(b)
Calculate the rate of change of speed, in ms-2, in the first 12 s.
(c) Calculate the value of u, if the total distance traveled in the period
of 25 s is 438 m.
25
[6 marks]
11 November 2008.
Diagram 9 shows the speed-time graph for the movement of a particle for a period of t
seconds.
Speed (m s-1)
20
12
Time (s)
Diagram 9
(a)
State the uniform speed, in m s1 , of the particle.
(b)
Calculate the rate of change of speed, in ms-2, in the first 4 seconds.
(c)
The total distance traveled in t seconds is 184 meters.

[6 marks]
26
ANSWERS
14.1 Speed-time graph
Area
Exercise 1
A.
1.
2.
3.
4.
40
104
60
64
B.
Area under Graph

1.
i)
10
ii)
30
1.
2.
3.
4.
36
63
104
78
Rate of change speed

1.
2
1
3
ii)
-4
i)
2
@ 0.67
3
ii)
-3
i)
-1
40
i)
12
ii)
30
iii)
42
i)
ii)
ii)
iii)
iv)
24
39
Find the value of v
4.
i)
ii)
iii)
80
18
98
5.
i)
ii)
iii)
4
24
48
i)
ii)
iii)
6
27.5
45.5
2.
3.
6.
2.
i)
iii)
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
10
5
14
25
Find the value of t

1.
2.
3.
4.
Average speed
1.
9
@ 4.5
2
3.
25
@ 6.25
4
2.
5
@ 1.67
3
4.
8.35
5
@ -2.5
2
27
7.6
15
12
12
14.2 DISTANCE-TIME SPEED

DISTANCE AND SPEED
1
3
AVERAGE SPEED
1
45
24
80
4
@ 0.8
5
1b
3b
7
21
2a
4a
5
41/67
PAST YEAR QUESTIONS

2003 (a) 7
b
-4.5
2004
(a) 0.3
85
(i) 48
2005
(a) 7
1.6
16
2006
(J)
(a) 16
3.125
18
2006
(N)
(a) 14
(i) 18
(ii) 16
2007
(J)
2007
(N)
2008
(J)
(a) 24
4.8
(a) 35
(i) 9.40 a.m (ii) 60
36
(a) 9
1.5
14
(a) 20
10
SPM Format questions

1a
2
3a
7
@ -3.5
2b
4b
6
2.88
C(ii)
0.8
2008
(N)
28

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CHAPTER 14 GRADIENT AND AREA UNDER A GRAPH

gradient represent rate of change of

Gradient - represents speed

14.1 Speed-Time Graph

Gradient And Area Under A Graph

Gradient And Area Under A Graph

B. Area Under Graph

Distance during the first 2 seconds

Distance during the last 4 seconds

Total distance during 6 seconds

Distance during the first 4 seconds

Distance during the last 6 seconds

Total distance during 10 seconds

Distance in the first 2s

Gradient And Area Under A Graph

Distance in the last 6 s

Distance during the first 3 seconds

Distance during the last 6 seconds

Total distance during 9 seconds

Distance during the first 2 seconds

Distance during the last 2 seconds

Distance during constant speed

Distance during the first 3 seconds

ii) Distance during the last 2 seconds

iii) Distance during constant speed

Gradient And Area Under A Graph

iv) Total distance

Distance during the first 5 seconds

ii) Distance during the last 7 seconds

iii) Total distance

Distance during the first 10 seconds

iii) Total distance

Gradient And Area Under A Graph

ii) Distance during the last 2 seconds

Distance during the first 5 seconds

iii) Total distance

i) Distance during the first 2 seconds

ii) Distance during the last 3 seconds

iii) Total distance

Distance in the first 2 seconds

ii) Distance in the last 6 seconds

iii) Total distance during 12 seconds

Distance in the first 2 seconds

Gradient And Area Under A Graph

iii) Total distance during 10 seconds

Rate Of Change Of Speed

Rate of change of speed =

final speed - initial speed

Rate of change of speed =

Find the rate of change of speed in last 4

Rate of change of speed =

ii) Find the rate of change of speed in the last 4

Find the acceleration in the first 6 seconds

Find the rate of change of speed in the first 3

Rate of change of speed =

ii) Find the rate of change of speed in the last 2

Find the rate of change of speed in the first 4

ii) Find the rate of change of speed in the last 2

Find the rate of change of speed in the first 3

ii) Find the rate of change of speed in the last 2

Gradient And Area Under A Graph

Find the deceleration in the first 5 seconds

ii) Find the rate of change of speed in the first 6