Prom 1

Shirley Prom
BIO 105 G14
Eric Osborn
October 26, 2014
Lab 4 Report
Determining Blood Types using
Anti-A and Anti-B Serums

Introduction:
To determine the four individuals simulated blood types using the Anti-A and Anti-B serums. The
individuals simulated blood types can be established by their reactions to the two serums. If the blood
clumps with the Anti-A serum then the blood cells have the A antigen in them and the blood type
would be A, if the blood clumps with the Anti-B serum then the blood cells have the B antigen in them
and the blood type would be B. If the blood reacts with both of the two Anti A and B serums then both
A and B antigens are present and the blood type would be AB. However, if there is no reaction to
either of the serums then the blood cells have no A or B antigens which means the blood Type is O.
The reactions with one of the serums can validate that at least one of the alleles for the individual could
be either A or B, based on the serum the reaction occurred with. If the blood being tested clumps with
both Anti serums the individual has one A allele and one B allele resulting in a blood type of AB. By
determining Mr. Greens blood type one could establish the likelihood of Mr. producing an offspring
with Blood Type O with a female that has Blood Type B.
Materials and Methods:
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Four simulated blood samples for (Mr. Smith, Mr. Jones, Mr. Green and Ms. Brown)
Simulated Anti-A serum
Simulated Anti-B serum
Four blood testing pallets with two wells in each
Wax pencil to label each pallet
Four blue toothpicks and four yellow toothpicks

We began by dispensing one drop of the simulated blood into two separate wells within each separate
pallet for Mr. Smith, Mr. Jones, Mr. Green and Ms. Brown. Each pallet was labeled with the wax
pencil to identify the four individuals using the letters, S, J, G and B. Next, we added one drop of
Anti-A serum to the top well and one drop of Anti-B serum to the bottom well of all four pallets. This

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process was done one pallet at a time, to allow for mixing before moving on to the next pallet. A blue
toothpick was used to gently mix the Anti-A serum with the simulated blood in the top well and a
yellow toothpick was used to gently mix the Anti-B serum with the simulated blood in the lower well
of the pallet. This process was repeated in the same order for all four individual pallets.

Results/Data Analysis:
The results indicated that the simulated blood for Mr. Smith clotted in the well with the Anti-A serum
and did not clot in the well with the Anti-B serum. The findings for Mr. Jones showed no clotting in
the well that Anti-A serum was added to, however clotting did occur in the well with the Anti-B serum.
Mr. Greens simulated blood clotted with both Anti-A and Anti-B serums. Lastly, Ms. Browns
simulated blood clotted with Anti-B serum but not with the Anti-A serum. The data retrieved shows
that Mr. Smith has at least one Blood Type A allele, Mr. Jones has at least one Blood Type B allele, Mr.
Green has Blood Type AB, and Ms. Brown has at least one Blood Type B allele (see Table 1).

Discussions:
A persons blood type is determined by three alleles: A, B, and O. Two of the three alleles are passed
onto an offspring from their parents. In order for Mr. Green biological produce an offspring with the
Blood Type O, he would have to have an at least one O allele in his blood type. However, the testing
indicated that his simulated blood showed that his blood type is heterozygous AB meaning that he did
not have an O allele. In order for a child to have Blood Type O, Mr. Green would have to contribute an
O allele in addition to the mother donating and O allele.
Conclusion:
However, the simulated blood testing results indicated that Mr. Green has the Blood Type AB. This
means that he could not possibly produce the offspring in question with Blood Type O because Ms.
Browns blood type is Heterozygous with at least 1 B allele. So, if one allele is donated from each
parent it is not biologically possible that Mr. Green could be the father of the child in question. My
hypothesis was accurate in that by determining Mr. Greens blood type will help to determine if he
could produce an offspring with a female that has Blood Type B and the offspring would have Blood
Type O.

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Table 1
Anti-A Serum (blue color)
Yes Clotting
No Clotting
Yes Clotting
No Clotting

Anti-B Serum (yellow color)

No Clotting
Yes Clotting
Yes Clotting
Yes Clotting

Mr. Smith
Mr. Jones
Mr. Green
Ms. Brown
Blood testing Results
By recording the reactions of the simulated blood types with the Anti-A and Anti-B serums comparing
the results can help determine eliminate or confirm the possibility of Mr. Green producing an offspring
with Ms. Brown that would have Blood Type O.