Gen Path 2007 Questions

K. Janardhan (P 124-130) January 15, 2007

1) The following contribute to antithrombotic properties of endothelium EXCEPT

A) Intact endothelium
B) Prostacyclin and nitric oxide synthesis
C) Expression of adenosine diphosphatase
D) Interaction of thrombomodulin and thrombin
E) Secretion of inhibitors of plasminogen activator

1) Answer: E; Page 126; intact endothelium, prostacyclin, nitric oxide and ADPase have
anti-platelet effect; Interaction of thrombomodulin with thrombin converts thrombin from
a procoagulant molecule to anticoagulant molecule which activates protein C. Protein C,
along with protein S, in turn cleaves factors Va and VIIIa . Inhibitor of plasminogen
activator prevents t-PA; thus inhibiting conversion of plasminogen to plasmin which
further prevents lysis of fibrin.

K. Janardhan January 29, 2008

The stimulation of endothelial TLR4 by LPS in septic shock results in

A) Decreased expression of tissue factor pathway inhibitor

B) Decreased expression of thrombomodulin
C) Cytokine production
D) All the above
E) A and C

2) The activation of the following is an important part of superantigen induced toxic

shock syndrome

A) Endothelium
B) Macrophage
C) B-lymphocyte
D) T-lymphocyte
E) Dendritic cell

3) The prognosis depends on the origin of shock; the following has better prognosis

A) Hypovolemic shock
B) Cardiogenic shock
C) Septic shock
D) None
E) All

1) Answer: D; page 140

2) Answer D; page 140
3) Answer: A; page 143

Gen Path BGC 6/9/09

1. Which of the following is false regarding chemicals which are carcinogenic chemicals
causing initiation?

a. They are non-lethal

b. They are all direct acting
c. The reactions are non-enzymatic
d. They cause permanent DNA damage
e. They attack DNA, RNA and proteins

Answer:

2. Which of the following are involved in the detoxification of polycyclic aromatic

hydrocarbons?

a. Glutathione-S-transferase
b. Glutathione peroxidase
c. Superoxide dismutase
d. Cyt P450
e. A and D

Answer:

3. Initiated cells respond differently to promotors in which of the following ways?

a. Less responsive to growth inhibitory signals

b. Reduced growth factor requirements
c. More rapid cell divisions
d. Invasiveness
e. A and B

Answer:

4. Which of the following have been implicated as promoting agents?

a. Viral infections
b. Bile acids
c. Estrogen
d. Alcohol
e. all of the above

Answer:

5. UVB radiation has been shown to cause mutations in which of the following tumor
suppressor genes?

a. P16/INK4a
b. BRCA-1
c. RAS
d. p53
e. C and D

Answer:

6. Epstein-Barr virus gains entry into lymphocytes by which of the following receptors?

a. CD4
b. CD3
c. CD 8
d. CD21
e. CD79 a

Answer:

7. Which of the following causes hepatocellular carcinomas in woodchucks?

a. Hepatitis virus
b. Hepadnavirus
c. Herpesvirus
d. A and B
e. A, B, and C

Answer:

Answers:

1. b p319-320 Robbins. Chemical carcinogens can be direct acting or non-direct acting

(procarcinogens).
2. e p320 Robbins. B and C are antioxidant enzymes involved in free radical scavenging.
3. e p322 Robbins.
4. e p323 Robbins
5. e p323 Robbins
6. d p325 Robbins. CD 21 is present on all B cells.
7. b p327 Robbins

BGC
July 17th 2007
General Pathology ch9
Pp 436-442

Which of the following genes and gene products are expressed in response to acute doses
of ionizing radiation?
1) c-fos
2) c-jun
3) c-myc
4) TNF-alpha
5) NFkb
6) P53

A) 1,2, 3,4,5
B) 1,2,3,4
C) 3,4,5,6
D) 4,5,6
E) 4,5

Answer: A pp 426 (6th edition)

Which of the following are acute biological effects of ionizing radiation?

1) Proliferating cell death
2) DNA-DNA cross links
3) DNA-Protein crosslinks
4) DNA breaks
5) Lipid peroxidation

A) 1,2,3,4,5
B) 1,2,3
C) 2,3,4,5
D) 2,3,4
E) 3,4,5

Answer: A pp 426 (6th edition)

An animal is given an unspecified dose of whole body ionizing radiation. What are some
likely acute effects?
 A) Subclinical effects
B) Hemapoietic syndrome
C) Gastrointestinal syndrome
D) Central Nervous system syndrome
E) All of the above

Answer: E pp 427 (6th edition)

Induced genetic instability is caused by?

A) accumulation of mutations over time
B) Persistent DNA lesions
C) Altered Methylation of DNA
D) Shortening of telomeres
E) All of the above

Answer: E p427 (6th edition)

BGC
July 24, 2007
General Path
Pp 447-461

1. Cachexia is associated with elevation of which of the following:

1) TNF
2) IL-1
3) IL-6
4) IFN-γ
5) IL-12

A) 1,2,3,4,5
B) 1,2,3,4
C) 1,2,3
D) 1,2
E) 1

Answer: B p449

2. Severe protein deprivation is associated with which of the following morphologic and
clinical changes:

1) Fatty liver
2) Peripheral edema
3) Hypoalbuminemia
4) Loss of villi and microvilli
5) Hypoplastic bone marrow

A) 1,2,3,4,5
B) 1,3,4,5
C) 2,3,4,5
D) 3,4,5
E) 5

Answer: A p449

3. While performing a post mortem exam on a cockatoo you notice small white plaques
on the oral mucosa. Differential diagnoses for this lesion include:

1) Hypovitaminosis A
2) Trichomonas
3) Capillaria
4) Candida
5) Pox

A) 1,2,3,4,5
B) 1,3,4,5
C) 1,2,3,4
D) 3,4,5
E) 4,5

Answer: A p451 and (well you just have to trust me)

4. Functions of Vit D include:

A) Collaborates with PTH in the mobilization of calcium

B) Stimulates intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus
C) Stimulates the PTH dependent reabsorption of calcium in the distal renal tubules
D) A,B,C
E) None of the above

Answer: D pp452-453

5. Regarding absorption, transport, metabolism and regulation of Vit D, which of the

following substances are not involved in the Vit D pathway:

A) Ergosterol
B) Plasma alpha1-globulin
C) Alpha 1 hydroxylase
D) D-25-hydroxylase
E) 25-dehydrocholesterol

Answer: E pp452-453 Ergosterol is D2, a precursor. Alpha 1 globulin is involved

in transport. Alpha 1 is in the liver?, 25 hydroxylase is in the kidney?. E is made up

6. Thiamine deficiency results in lesions of the following CNS areas:

A) Periventricular regions of the thalamus

B) Floor of the 4th ventricle
C) Anterior cerebellum
D) Mammillary bodies
E) All of the above

Answer: E p457

General pathology questions

JNH VDC-UNL
September 4, 2007

PBD pgs 4-14

1. The hallmarks of reversible cell injury include
a. Reduced oxidative phosphorylation
b. ATP depletion
c. Cellular swelling
d. Changes in ion concentrations and water influx
e. All of the above

2. Which of the following is false for metaplasia

a. Formation of cartilage, bone, and adipose in abnormal location
b. Reprogramming of stem cells form new cell type
c. Is a reversible change
d. Columnar epithelium to squamous epithelium
e. Existing cells convert to a new morphology

PBVD pgs 3-12, 32-38

3. Hematoxylin stains
a. Nucleic acid
b. Protein
c. Glycogen
d. Fat
e. None of the above
 4. Mitochondria are the site of the following processes
a. Protein synthesis
b. Fatty acid oxidation
c. Citric acid cycle
d. Degradation of cell components
e. Oxidative phosphorylation
a. A, D
b. A, D, E
c. B, C, E
d. A only
e. None of the above

5. Which of the following are function(s) of transmembrane proteins?

a. Attachement of cytoskeleton
b. Transport channel
c. Enzyme
d. Cell surface receptor
e. All of the above
Answers
1. E, pg 14 PBD
2. E, pg 10-11 PBD
3. A pg 5, PBVD
4. C pg 7. PBVD
5. E pg 7, PBVD
General pathology
September 11, 2007
JNH VDC-UNL

PBVD
1. All of the following are enzymes that act in free radical scavenging except
a. Catalase
b. Superoxide dismutase
c. Glutathione perosidase
d. Phopholipase A2
e. All of the above are involved in free radical scavenging

2. Which of the following are changes in cells due to depletion of ATP?

a. Loss of plasma membrane energy dependent sodium pump
b. Switch to anaerobic metabolism
c. Influx of calcium
d. Reduced protein synthesis
e. All of the above

3. Increased cytosolic calcium results in activation of what enzymes?

 a. ATPase
b. Phospholipase
c. Proteases
d. Endonucleases
e. Catalase
a. A&B
b. C only
c. C&E
d. A, B, C, D
e. B, C, D, E

4. During hypoxia, anaerobic glycolysis takes over energy production, what enzyme
is the initial regulator step of anaerobic glycolysis?
a. Urease
b. Citrate synthase
c. Protein kinase A
d. Phosphofructokinase
e. Fumarase

5. Selenium is an essential component of what enzyme responsible for inactivating

free radicals?
a. Glutathione peroxidase
b. Citrate synthase
c. Fumarase
d. Catalase
e. None of the above

Answers:
1. D PBD pg 17
2. E, PBD pg 15
3. D, PBD, pg 16
4. D, PBVD, pg 13
5. A, PBVD pg 20selenium is an essential component for some glutathione
peroxidases

General Pathology
JNH VDC-UNL
September 18, 2007
All from PBD, Robbins and Cotran

1. What molecule is expressed on the plasma membrane of apoptotic cells?

a. Phosphatidylserine
b. Caspase 8
c. FLIP
d. Bcl-2
e. IkB
2. What protein can inhibit the extrinsic pathway by binding caspase 8?
a. Phosphatidylserine
b. FLIP
c. EGF
d. Cytochrome C
e. None of the above
3. Intrinsic caspases include which of the following?
a. Caspase 8
b. Caspase 6
c. Caspase 3
d. Caspase 4
e. Caspase 9
a. A, B, C
b. A, C, E
c. B, C
d. A, E
e. None of the above
4. What molecules are involved in initiation of the extrinsic pathway?
a. Fas
b. Caspase 3
c. Bcl-3
d. Cytochrome c
e. TNFR1
a. A, D
b. A, D, E
c. A, B, C
d. A, E
e. None of the above
5. Two main antiapototic molecules are?
a. Bcl-2
b. Cytochrome C
c. Bcl-x
d. NF-kB
e. Fas
a. A, only
b. A, B, C
c. A, C
 d. A, E
e. All of the above

Answers
1. A pg 27
2. B, pg 29
3. D pg 31
4. D pg 28-29
5. C pg 29
General Pathology
Robbins 88-95
11/20/07
JNH UNL-VDC

1. Which of the following are permanent cells that have lost their
ability to proliferate?
a. Hepatocytes
b. Neurons
c. Fibroblasts
d. Cardiac myocytes
e. Urinary bladder transitional epithelium
a. b only
b. b, c
c. b, d
d. b, c, d
e. None of the above

2. Oval cells are progenitor cells that can differentiate into what cell
type (s)?
a. Adipocytes
b. Myocytes
c. Renal tubular cells
d. Hepatocytes
e. Biliary cells
a. a, b
b. a, d, e
c. d only
d. d, e
e. None of the above

3. An intermediate filament protein that is the best marker for

neural stem cells is?
a. Nestin
b. Vimentin
c. Sox9
 d. S-100
e. None of the above

Answers
1. C pg 90
2. D, pg 93
3. A pg 94

General Pathology
11/27/07
JNH UNL-VDC

1. Which of the following statements are false concerning vascular

endothelial growth factor (VEGF)?
a. Produced by mesenchymal cells
b. Increases vascular permeability
c. Mitogenic for endothelial cells
d. Platelets are a source
e. Promotes angiogenesis in tumors

2. Receptors without intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity activate

which important pathway?
a. Jak/STAT pathway
b. PI3 kinase pathway
c. MAP-kinase pathway
d. IP3 pathway
e. All of the above

3. Which of the molecules are ligands for receptors lacking intrinsic

kinase activity?
a. IL-2
b. Prolactin
c. Erythropoietin
d. Interferons
e. Growth hormone
a. a, d
b. a, d, e
c. a, c, d, e
d. a, b, c, d, e
e. d only

4. TNF is not secreted by which cell type?

a. Macrophage
b. B lymphocytes
c. T lymphocytes
 d. Mast cells
e. All of the above secrete TNF

Answers
1. D pgs 95-96
2. A, fig 3-9, pg 98
3. D, all are ligands pg 99
4. B, table 3-1 pg 95
General Pathology
PBD 107-116
JNH UNL-VDC
12/18/2007

1. Which of the following is not an inducing agent for VEGF?

a. Hypoxia
b. TGF-β
c. TNF-α
d. PDGF
e. TGF-α
2. Which of the factors below are responsible for fibroblast
proliferation?
a. PDGF
b. EGF
c. FGF
d. TNF
e. All of the above
3. Which of the following statements are false regarding the
function of matrix metalloproteinases?
a. Matrix metalloproteinases are serine proteases
b. Matrix metalloproteinases are interstitial collagenases
responsible for cleavage of fibrillar collagen
c. Matrix metalloproteinases are gelatinases and tromelysins
d. Induced by PDGF, EGF, IL-1, TNF
e. Secreted by macrophages, neutrophils, fibroblasts,
synovial cells
4. Which of the following are local factors that can retard wound
healing?
a. Foreign bodies
b. Tissue necrosis
c. Denervation
d. Mechanical stress
e. All of the above
Answers:
1. C pg 109
2. E pg 111
3. A pg 111
4. E pg 114