Dhammapada Glossary

Definitions taken from the PTS dictionary or Margaret Cones dictionary and
edited for readability. Yellow highlights show where a gatha was cited in Cone .
_A_ __ _I_ _U_ _E_ _O_
_K_ _Kh_
Pali Alphabet: a i u e o k kh g gh c ch j jh h h t
th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v s h

_A_
akakkasa, mfn., not harsh; not rough; smooth Dhp 408
akakkasa, 408
akata, mfn. and n. [neg. pp of karoti], not made, not done; not manufactured, not
treated, natural; not fashioned; what has not been done; what is not made (nibbna).
akata, 165, 314, akatni, 50
akatau2, mfn. [a+kata+u], knowing what is not made (nibbna,) Dhp 97
akata, 97, 383, akatasi, 383
akathakathi(n), [a+katha+kathi(n)] mfn., free from doubt Dhp 411
kathakathi(n), mfn., questioning, uncertain; full of doubt;

katha, ind., how ? in what way ? how is it that...? what... like ? why ?
kathi(n), mfn. and m. [from kath], speaking, expounding; a teacher;
akathakath, 411, 414
akaraa [a+karaa] not doing
akaraa, 183, 333
akriya, neg. of kriya
kriya1, mfn. and n. [fpp. of karoti], (what is) to be made or done; need; effect;
akriya, 176

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akicca [a+kicca] (what is) not to be done or made; something not to be done, that must
mpt be done;
akicca, 292, 293
akicana [a+kicana] mfn. who or which has nothing; without possessions, poor;
without responsibilities; (according to cts) without impediments, without defilements
Dhp 88.
akicana, 221, 396, 421, akicano, 88
akici, [a+kici] nothing akici in eds at Dhp 390 is prob, corrupt; see J.Brough,
1962, pp. 181-82
kici, somewhat; a little; whoever, whatever, whichever...; anyone whatsoever;
anyone, anything; some...; any...;
akici, 390
akutobhaya, mfn. [a3+kuto+bhaya], having nothing to fear from anywhere, from any
quarter; secure; where there is nothing to fear from any quarter;
akutobhaye, 196
akubba(t), mfn. Dhp 51 [neg. part.pr. of kubbati = karoti] not doing.
akubbato, 51, 124
akusala, mfn. and n., 1. (i) (mfn.) not good, not right; evil, harmful, not conducing to
well-being; evil, acting wrongly; (ii) (n. [and m.?]) what is bad or evil; wrong or
unsuitable action or behaviour; what leads to suffering or is harmful; 2. (mfn.) not
good at, incompetent; not skilled, not expert; not knowledgeable about or conversant
with.
akusala, 281
akkosati, (and akkoseti, ~ayati), pr. 3 sg., scolds, abuses, curses, reviles (usually+acc,
occasionally+gen.); part.pr. (a) neg. anakkosa(t), mfn.; (b) akkosanta, mf(~ant)n.;
neg. anakkosanta, mfn.; (c) akkosenta, mfn.; aor. 3 sg. (a) akkocchi Dhp 3; (b)
akkosi; (c) akkosesi; absol (a) akkositv; (b) akkositvna; (c) akkosayitvna; (d)
akkosetv; pass, part.pr. akkosiyamna, mfn.; pp (a) akkuha, mfn. and n., 1.
(mfn.) reviled, scolded, railed at; 2. (n.) reviling, scolding; vandita,n., reviling and
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respect; (b) akkosita, mfn. and n., 1. (mfn.) scolded, reviled; 2. (n.) abusing,
reviling; fpp akkositabba, mfn.; absol. akkospetv; pp akkospita, mfn..
akkocchi, 3, 4
akkodha, m. and mfn., 1. (m.) freedom from anger; forbearance Dhp 223; 2. (mfn.)
free from anger; forbearing;
akkodhana, 400 akkodhena, 223
akkosa, m., shouting at; abuse; reviling;
akkosa, 399
akkhara1, m.n. and ~, f., 1. (n.) the imperishable (= nibbna); 2. (m.) a vowel; a
letter, phoneme (a, etc); 3. (m.f and n.) a sound; a syllable Dhp 352 ifc see
acckkhara, adhik'-, ant'- (sv anta1 ), n'-; 4. (m.n.) a written character; 5. (n.)
an expression; a word;
akkharna, 352
akkhta(r), m., one who tells; one who names; a preacher, a teacher Dhp 276; pp
akkhta, mfn., told, declared, taught; called, named Dhp 275
akkhtro, 276, akkhte, 86 akkhto, 275
akkhti and akkhyati1, pr. 3 sg. ( + kh + a) , declares, announces; tells, tells
about; teaches; pp akkhta, mfn., told, declared, taught; called, named;
agata, mfn. [neg. pp. of gacchati], 1. who has not gone; 2. not (yet) gone to,
unvisited; or where there is no going, no going on (ie a2+gati) Dhp 323
agata, 323
agandhaka, mf(~ik)n. [a3+gandha1+ka2], with no scent Dhp 51
agandhaka, 51
agra

(and sometimes gra; ifc also ~gra), n. (and m.), a house; the household life
Dhp 13
agra, 13, 14, agrni, 140, sugra, 373
agga1,

mfn. and n., 1. (mfn.) the first, foremost; topmost; better; excellent, illustrious;
the best, chief (very often iic); (n.) the best part; the ideal; a most excellent thing; the
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best of its class or type; 2. (n.m.) the top, point; tip; (often ifc); 3. (n.) beginning;
first portion; first fruits;
rgga 407, ragge, 401 kusaggena, 70
aggi,

m. (sg. nom. aggi, agg; gen. aggino, aggissa; loc. aggimhi, aggismi; pl nom.
agg, aggayo; acc. agg; iic, before a vowel, sometimes written agy-). 1. fire, flames,
sparks; conflagration; Dhp 140 2. cremation fire; a pyre (as ordeal or for suicide);
3. the ritual fire, the sacrificial fire (one of) the three fires of brahmanicala ritual; the
god Aggi Bhagav. Dhp 107 4. (metaphorically) mental fire, fever; [Cone]
aggi, 202, 251, 140 aggi, 107
aggidaho

[aggi+daho] consumed by fire

burnt, always with aggi consumed by fire.
aggidaho, 136

daha

aggisikh,

f., a flame; the crest of a fire;

aggisikhpama [aggisikh+upama] like a flame

aggisikhpamo, 308
aggihutta [aggi+hutta], n. , 1. the oblation to Agni, the rite of the fire-oblation; the
ritual fire Dhp 392 2. (according to ct) the ladle (and other tools ?) for the
fire-oblation;
aggihutta, 392
aggva [euphonic combination, aggi iva]
aggva, 31
agghati, pr. 3 sg. [aggh+a], 1. is worth, has the value of; deserves; frequently in
phrase kalam na agghati (solasim), is not worth a (sixteenth) part (of) Dhp 70; 2.
is proper, is fitting;
agghati, 70
ankusa, m. , a hook 1. for controlling and driving an elephant, a goad;
metaphorically: a goad, a spur; 2. for use in plucking fruit from trees (a requisite of

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an ascetic), a crook; 3. for hanging something up; 4. as the name of a guide-line or

strategy for interpretation
ankusaggaha, m., [ankusa+gaha2], "one who holds the hook", an elephant-driver
Dhp 326
akusaggaho, 326
anga2, n. (and m.), a part of the body; a limb, member; an integral part of anything; a
constituent part of a whole, a subordinate division; a limb or aspect of something as a
characteristic sign, an attribute, a quality; as a determining characteristic or factor, a
cause;
agesu, 89
acaritv, neg. absol. of carati qv
acaritv, 155, 156
acri, aor. 3 sg. of carati qv

acri, 326
acira, mfn., not of long duration, recent; acc. acira, adv., 1. not long ago, recently;
2. soon Dhp 41
acira, 41
accag aor. 3 sg. of ati g, , goes beyond; overcomes; dies; aor. 3 sg. (a) accag,
Dhp 414; (b) atig; (c) ati-ag; 3 pl. (a) accagu; (b) accag,
accag, 414
accanta, mfn. and n., 1. (mfn.) "beyond the (usual) end or limit"; excessive, very great;
perpetual; absolute, complete; most commonly accanta, adv., excessively,
exceedingly; perpetually; absolutely, completely; 2. (n.) the absolute (ie nibbna);
accantadusslya, n., extremely evil conduct Dhp 162;
accantadusslya, 162
acceti1, accayati1, see sv accati.
acceti2, accayati2, pr. 3 sg. [ati+i+a], 1. passes (of time), elapses; passes by, eludes;
passes by, neglects; 2. goes beyond; oversteps; overcomes; becomes free of;
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atta, mfn. and n. [pp of acceti2], 1. (mfn.) (i) past, gone by; former, belonging to past
times; (ii) having neglected; transgressing Dhp 176
attassa, 176
accuta, mfn. and n. [neg. pp of cavati qv.], not fallen or falling, firm, steady; not falling
away (from) or abandoning; (what is) imperishable, permanent; that from or in which
there is no falling (away) (ie nibbana) Dhp 225
accuta, 225
acchanna1,

mfn. [pp of acchdeti], clothed (with); covered;

bhasmacchanno, 71

acchidam, acchid, aor. 3 sg. of chindati qv.

acchidda, mfn., without holes; not split; perfect, complete;
acchiddavutti [acchidda+vutti]
acchiddavutti, 229
acchindati, pr. 3 sg. , tears off; removes, removes forcibly; tears away from; robs
(someone, acc. or gen.); plunders; deprives (of); aor. 3 sg. acchindi1 Dhp 351
acchindi, 351
ajina, n., the hairy skin of an animal; esp. the skin of the black antelope (worn as a
garment and used as a covering by ascetics);
ajinasti, f, a garment made of skins Dhp 394
ajinasiy, 394
ajini, aor. 3 sg. of jayati qv.
jayati, jeti, jinti1, pr. 3 sg., wins, is victorious; conquers, defeats; wins
something (acc.) from someone (acc.);
ajini, 3, 4
ajja1, ind., today; now; just now; at the present time;

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ajjatana, mf(~)n., m and ~,f., 1. (mfn.) referring or belonging to today; modern;

present Dhp 227 2. (m.) the period of the current day; this day, today...
ajjatanm, 227
ajjaha [euphonic combination, ajja aha]
ajjaha, 326
ajjhag, [aor. 3 sg. of adhi ga], attained, found; understood Dhp 154
ajjhag, 154

ajjhatta, mfn. and n., inner; subjective; within oneself; what is internal; oneself;

ajjhattarata [ajjhatta+rata] inner delight

ajjhattarato, 362
ajhya(t) [a+jhya(t), neg. part.pr of jhyati2] not meditating, not contemplating.
ajhyato, 372
aa1, mfn., not knowing, ignorant.
aa2, mfn., pron., (sg. nom. m. ~o , f. ~, n. ~a, ~ad; acc. m.f. ~a, n. ~a, ~ad;
instr. m.n. ~ena, f. ~iss, ~ya; gen./dat. m.n. assa, f. ~iss; abl. m.n. ~asm; loc.
m.n. ~asmi, f. ~iss; pl. nom. /acc. m. ~e; f. ~, n. ~ni, ~; instr. m.n. ~ehi, f. ~hi;
gen. m.n. ~esa, f. ~sam; loc. m.n. ~esu, f. ~su), other; different; other than (+ abl.);
another, a further, one more; somebody, something else; anything else; pl. (the) others,
the rest Dhp 158 1. other; different; other than (+ abl.); another, a further, one more;
somebody, something else; anything else; pl. (the) others, the rest; Dhp 165 2. one ...
another (different) ...; one thing ... another thing...;
ae, 43, 252, 355, 365 aesa, 252, 365,
aatara,

mfn., pron. [compar. of aa2] (sg. gen./dat. f. ~iss, ~ass, ~ya; loc. m.n.
~asmi, ~e; f. ~iss, ~ya; pl. nom. m. ~e, ~) 1. one of two; one of several; a certain...
(often used as indefinite article: "a"); somebody, some...; 2. other, another; different;
-aatara, mfn., one or other; all kinds of;
aatara, 137, 157

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a,

f., knowledge, philosophic insight; perfect knowledge, ie arahatship;

a, 57, 75, 95, 275, 411 aya, 275, 411, athaam, 158

avimutta [a+vimutta] emancipated by insight

avimuttassa, 96, avimuttna, 57
aha1,

m. [= attha2 qv; this form used mainly in cpds, very frequently ifc], matter;
meaning, sense;
aha2, num., eight;
ahangika, mfn. [aha2+anga2+ika], 1. having eight constituents, being made up of
eight (intrinsic) parts; Dhp 273; 2. possessing eight qualities;
cahagika, 191
ahi, n. (and m. ?), (sg. nom. ~i , (and ~i); acc. ~i; pl. nom./acc. ~, ~ni; 1 .a bone;
Dhp 150 2. a stone or seed (of a fruit);
ahna, 150, ahni, 149
au (sometimes written anu), mfn. and m., 1. (mfn.) small, minute, atomic; subtle; 2.
(m.) a certain measure of length; a minute, particle or atom; au-thla, mfn., fine
and coarse; small and large; Dhp 265
au, 31, 265, 409,
aumatto mfn., [au+matta] of small size, atomic; least; Dhp 284
aumatto, 284
atandita, mfn., untiring; active, sedulous; Dhp 375
atandita, 366, atandite, 376, atandito, 305
atikkama, m., 1. going over or further; passing, passing beyond; overcoming; Dhp 191
2. overstepping; transgression;
atikkama, 191
atikkamati, pr. 3 sg., 1 .passes, passes through, passes by; elapses, passes (of time);
steps over; goes beyond; surpasses; overcomes; - 2. goes beyond, crosses; escapes from;
Dhp 221 - 3. oversteps; transgresses (against), passes by, neglects; commits adultery

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(with);
atikkameyya, 221
atikha,

mfn., scattered; Dhp 156

cptikhitt [or cptikhina], 156

atitta, [neg. of titta2 (pp of tappati2)] mfn., unsatiated; not satisfied; wanting more.
atitta, 48
atiga, mfn. [from atigacchati [atigam], going beyond; escaping from transgressing;
sagtiga, 397. sagtigo, 370
atidhonacri(n), mfn., immoderate in the use of the requisites of a bhikkhu, or
transgressing the proper use of the requisites.
atidhonacrina, 240
atipteti, ~ayati, 1. makes fly through or past; shoots; 2. lays low; injures, kills;
(and causes [someone] to kill; ?) Dhp 246
atipteti, 246
atimaati & atimaeti, pr. 3 sg., despises, slights, neglects; opt. 3 sg. (a)
atimae; (b) atimaeyya, Dhp 365
atimaeyya 365
atirocati, pr. 3 sg., shines magnificently; outshines, surpasses in splendour.
atirocati, 59
ativasa , mfn. [ati+vasa fr. vas] being under somebody's rule, dependent upon (c.
gen.) Dhp 74
ativas, 74
ativkya, n., abuse, blame, reproach.
ativkya, 320
atula, mfn. [neg. of tula], incomparable.
tula, mfn., measurable; comparable.
atula, 227
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atta1,

mfn., thrown.
atta , pp of diyati1.
atta3, m. see sv atta(n).
atta4, mfn., full, complete; (or personal).
atta5, mfn., distressed, pained, weary; see also atta3.
2

atta(n),

atta3, m. [S. atman], (nom. att; acc. attnam, attnam, atta; instr. attan,
attena; gen./dat./abl. attano; abl. also attan; loc. attani; 1. the self, the soul, as a
permanent, unchangeable, autonomous entity (always rejected by the Pali Buddhist
texts as not corresponding to any reality); 2. the self, one's own self (the abstract
individual); the image in a looking-glass; 3. oneself, himself, yourself, (used [in the
sg.] as reflexive pronoun for all three persons and genders); instr. attan, by oneself; in
oneself, as for oneself, often used in the sense of a nom. Dhp 165 nuyogi(n),
mfn., intent upon oneself or one's own interest; Dhp 209
attana, 355 attan, 66, 160, 161, 165, 379 attano, 15, 16, 50, 61, 62, 84,
131, 132, 160, 163, 217, 236, 238, 239, 247, 252, 285, 291, 343, 380, 388, 402,
att, 62, 104, 159, 160, 380, attna, 157, 159 attnam, 158 attna, 209,
tathattna, 162, 282
attagutta, mfn. [atta3+gutto], self-controlled
attagutto, 379
attaghaa [atta3+ghaa], n. or mfn., self-destruction; Dhp 164
attaghaya, 164

attaja,

mfn. [atta3+ja], born from oneself, one's own; (m.) a son; (f.) a daughter
attaja, 161

attadaa, mfn. [atta+daa1], who has taken a stick in hand, who has embraced
violence; Dhp 406
attadaesu, 406
attadattha, m. [atta-d-attha], one's own profit or interest; one's own goal; Dhp 166
attadattha, 166 attadattham, 166

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attadanta, [atta+danta], self tamed

attadantassa, 104 attadanto, 322

attasambhava,

[atta+sambhava], originating from one's self

attasambhava, 161

attahetu [atta+hetu] ind., for one's own sake; Dhp 84

attahetu, 84
attamana,

mfn., delighted, pleased; content; willing; Dhp 328

att, nom.sg of atta(n) qv

att, 62, 104, 159, 160, 380
attha1,

ind. [S. atra], here;

attha2, m., rarely n. [S. artha], 1. aim, purpose, goal; advantage, profit, benefit;
acc. attham, (only ifc) for the sake of; for the purpose of; dat. atthya1, for the
benefit of; for the sake of (gen.); dat. (or abl.) atth, for the benefit, for the sake of
(gen.); 2. use, need, want (+ instr.); 3. (i) affair, concern, business; problem; thing,
matter; (with verbs of saying, asking, etc often simply) this, that; Dhp 331 (ii)
practical affairs, policy; (iii) a legal case; see also atta2; 4. (usually only iic)
wealth, prosperity; 5. meaning, sense; very often in cts at end of explained (esp.
paraphrased) passages as ti attho: this is the meaning; in association with dhamma,
attha expresses the goal as opposed to the doctrine; practical affairs as opposed to
spiritual matters; the practical application and result as opposed to the theory; the
interpretation as opposed to the text. Dhp 363
attha3, m.n. [S. asta, n.], 1. (m.) the western mountain (behind which the sun sets); 2.
(m. andn.) setting; destruction, ending, extinction; (i) sets (of the sun or moon); (ii)
goes out, disappears, is extinguished Dhp 226
attha, 209, 226, 256, 293, 363, 384, atthamhi, 331, attadattha, 166
attadattham, 166, uttamattha, 386, 403
atthapada, n., 1 .profitable saying; word of good sense Dhp 100 2. word and
meaning; ?
atthapada, 100
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atthavasa, m., reason, motive Dhp 289

atthavasa, 289
atthi1,

[as4, S. asti] (initial a- usually coalesces with (or elides) a preceding ~; after
atthiother vowels it is itself usually elided; 3 sg. atthi [before vowels usually atth']; 2
sg. asi1, si1; 1 sg. asmi, smi, amhi, mhi; 3 pl. santi1; 2 pl. attha5; 1 pl. asma1, asm1,
amh, smase, amhase, amhse) 1. is; exists, is found; 2. is of, belongs to (gen.); 3.
as auxiliary verb with (i) pp; (ii) fpp; 4. atthi is frequently used (usually at the
beginning of a clause), with sg. or pl. subject (even with 1 sg. or 2sg.), to mean: there is,
there are; there exists; or with a following verb to mean: there is [exists]... who...; it is
the case that...; atthi... atthi..., (it is) either... or...; imperat. 3 sg. atthu, let it
be, be it so; opt. (a) 3 sg. siy; followed by another opt. (especially assa), perhaps;
it might be (that)...; siy ... siy ..., (it might be) either ... or (with sg. or pl. subject);
2 sg. siy; 3 pl. (a) siyu (b) siyasu; opt. (b) 3 sg. (a) assa7; assa+gen. (esp.
preceded by siy), (perhaps) it might occur to ..., one might think...; (b) assu1; 2 sg. (a)
assa8, (b) assasi, (c) assu2; 1 sg. assa 3 pl. (a) assu3; (b) assu1; 2pl. assatha;
1 pl. assma; part.pr. (a) sa(t), mfn., (b) santa2, mfn., (c) samna, mfn., qqv;
aor. 3sg. si3; 2 sg. si4; 1 sg. si; 3 pl. (a) su2; (b) su2; (c)sisu; (d)
sisu; 1 pl simh; perf. 3 sg. sa1.
atthi2, f, existence;
atthi(n), mfn. and m. [S. arthin], 1. (mfn., sg. nom. m. ~i) desirous; wanting something;
having an aim; 2. (m., sg. nom. ~), a beggar.
natthi, 39, 61, 62, 92, 124, 147, 171, 176, 180, 200, 202, 211, 212, 213, 214,
215, 216, 227, 237, 251, 254, 255, 288, 330, 367, 372, 391, 421, matthi, 62
atha,

ind., copulative & adversative particle. 1. after positive clauses, in

enumerations, in the beginning & continuation of a story: and, and also, or; and then,
now. 2. after negative clauses: but. Often combined with other particles, e. g. atha
kho (pos. & neg.) now, and then; but, rather, moreover. na-atha kho na neither-nor.
atha kho pana and yet. atha ca pana on the other hand. atha v or (after preceding
ca), nor (after preceding na).
atha, ind., 1, and, and further; 2. and (before that); and then; 3. then, just then;
next; Dhp 69; 4. but; Dhp 387; 5. or; atha v, or; or rather, or perhaps (in cts,
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12

introducing an alternative [preferred ?] explanation); Dhp 271

atha, 55, 69, 83, 119, 120, 136, 140, 158, 271, 277, 278, 279, 387
athaam [euphonic combination atha aa]
athaam, 158
athassa [euphonic combination, atha assa4]
athassa, 384
athya [euphonic combination atha aya]
athya, 85
atho, ind., 1. and also; likewise; and yet, even then; Dhp 423 2. certainly;
atho, 151, 234, 332, 423
adaa, mfn. and m. [neg. of daa], 1. (mfn.) without a stick; not punishing, not
violent; Dhp 137 2. (m.) not a stick or staff; not violence;
adaesu, 137
adassana,

n. and mfn., [neg. pp of dis2] 1. (n.) (i) not seeing; not recognising; not
being seen; being invisible; Dhp 46, 206, 210 (ii) lack of proper perception; 2.
(mfn.) invisible;
adassana, 46, 210 adassanena, 206
adinna, mfn., [neg. pp of deti] not given, what is not given
adinna, 246, 409
adhipanna

gone into, affected with, seized by (~), a victim of.

adhipannassa 288

aduha3, mfn. and m., neg of duha qv., 1. bearing no ill-will; not evil, good Dhp 399.
aduho, 399
addha(n),

addha3, m. (sg. nom. addh1, addho; acc. addhna, addha; instr.

addhun, gen. addhuno, loc. addhani, pl. nom. addh; acc. addhe; loc. addhesu,
addhsu; iic addha-), an extent of space or time; 1., a path, road; a journey; 2.
time Dhp 207.

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addhna, 207
addhag mfn. and m., going on the road, walking, travelling; a traveller, a wayfarer.
addhag, 302
adhamma1, m., 1. what is not dhamma; not the correct behaviour; not the teaching;
2. what is not right or just; wrong-doing; the wrong way; Dhp 248 addhamma3
mfn. , not following what is right; unjust.
adhammo, 248
adhammena, adv., 1. not in accordance with the teaching, the rule; improperly; 2.
not in accordance with what is right; wrongly; unjustly; by wrong means.
adhammena, 84
adhigacchati, pr. 3 sg., gets to; attains, acquires; finds; understands Dhp 187.
adhigacchati, 249, 250 adhigacchanti, 12 adhigacche, 368, 381,
ndhigacchati, 187, 365, ndhigacchanti, 11, ndhigaccheyya, 61
adhicitte, ind., in regard to thought, to meditation Dhp 185.
adhicitte, 185
adhimuccati, pr. 3 sg. 1. inclines to; believes, is sure of; is convinced; 2. concentrates
on; pervades (in thought or meditation); wills (magically), changes (by magic); 3.
enters another's body; part.pr. (a) adhimucca(t), mfn.; (b) adhimuccanta, mfn.; (c)
adhimuccamna, mfn.; absol adhimuccitv; neg. anadhimuccitv.
adhimutta1, mfn. [pp of adhimuccati] 1. (act.) , who is inclined to; applying oneself
(to, acc. or loc); believing in; set on Dhp 226; 2. (pass.) inclined to, believed in.
adhimuttna, 226 , vandhimutto, 344
adhimutta2, mfn. [adhi+mutta1], absolutely free?
adhiseti1, adhisayati, pr. 3 sg. lies down on Dhp 41.
adhisessati, 41
anagaa, mfn. [neg. of agaa2], free from blemish; spotless.

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14

agaa2, n., a speck of dirt; a blemish; a moral blemish, defilement.

anagaassa, 125, anagao, 236, 238, 351
anakkhta, mfn. and n., 1. (mfn.) not declared, not told; not described; 2. (n.) the
indescribable Dhp 218.
anakkhte, 218
anatta(n), m., not the self, not a soul; Dhp 279
anatt, 279,
anattha, m., not the goal; disadvantage, harm; what is unprofitable, useless; Dhp 72
anattha, 256 anatthya, 72
anatthapadasahit, [anattha+pada+sahit] without profitable-verses-
anatthapadasahit, 100, 101, 102
ananta, mfn. and n., 1. (mfn.) endless, infinite, boundless; 2. (n.) the infinite, the
unlimited;
anantagocara [ananta+gocara] boundless field.
anantagocara, 179, 180
ananvhataceta(s), mfn., whose mind is not injured or frustrated; Dhp 39
ananvhatacetaso, 39
anapyi(n), mfn., not going away; Dhp 2
anapyin, 2
anapekkhi(n), mfn., free from longing (for); indifferent; Dhp 346
anapekkhino, 346, 347
anappaka, mf(~ and ~ik)n. and n., not a little, considerable, great; not a small
amount, much; Dhp 144
anappaka, 144
anavahita, mfn. [neg. of avahita], unsteady; not lasting;
avatihati, pr. 3 sg., takes one's stand; remains standing; continues, lingers; falls
down on or into;
A I U E O K Kh

15

anavahitacitta [anavahita+citta] unsteady state of mind

anavahitacittassa, 38

anavassuta, mfn., not leaking; not rotten; free from lust and defilement;
anavassutacitta [anavassuta+citta] state of mind free from defilement.
anavassutacittassa, 39
angra, mfn., m. and n., 1. (mfn. and m.) without a house, homeless; (one) who has
left a household life; a homeless ascetic; Dhp 404; 2 . (n.) the homeless state; the
ascetic life;
angrehi, 404, angro, 415, 416
antura, mfn., not sick, healthy, well;
antur, 198
andna, n. and mfn., 1. (n.) lack of holding on to, of grasping; unattachment; 2.
(mfn.) not grasping; free from attachment; Dhp 352
andna, 396, 406, 421, andno, 352
anvila, mfn., clear; pure; undisturbed; Dhp 413
anvila, 413, anvilo, 82
ansaka, f., fasting (as an ascetic practice); Dhp 141
ansava, mfn. and n., 1. (mfn.) free from the savas; Dhp 94; 2. (n.) what is free
from the savas; freedom from the savas;
ansava, 386 ansavassa, 94 ansav, 126
anikkasva, mfn., not free from defect or impurity; impure; Dhp 9.
anikkasvo, 9
anicca (adj.; anicca n. n.) unstable, impermanent, inconstant; (n.) evanescence,
inconstancy, impermanence.
anicc, 277
anindita, mfn. [fr. nindati], not blamed, not criticised; irreproachable;
anindito, 227
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16

anibbisa(t), mfn. [neg. part.pr. of nibbisati], not settling; not earning, not gaining;

Dhp 153. K.R. Norman: ... I would suggest that -bb- is m.c. to give the
cadence,
and anibbisa stands for nivisa < nivi, in which case we might compare Skt
aniviamna not retireing to rest, restless . We could therefore translate not resting,
without respite [K.R. Norman had previously suggested the translation without
expiation]
anibbisa, 153
animitta, mfn. and n., 1. (mfn.) (i) free from (the apprehension of) marks or
characteristics or attributes; without identifying or defining marks; indefinable, not to
be predicated; Dhp 93 (ii) without pudenda; (iii) without undesirable
characteristics; ? 2. (n.) what is free from marks or attributes; of which nothing can
be predicated; 3. (mfn.) without a reason or cause;
animitto, 92, 93
anivesana, mfn., without settling, without attachment; Dhp 40 (neg of nivesana, n.,
settlement; a dwelling-place, a house, a home)
anivesano, 40
anissita, mfn., without support; without a mentor; not dependent; not attached; not
clase to, not connected; Dhp 93
anissito, 93
anigha, angha, mfn., free from affliction, from misery; free from evil; Dhp 294
angho, 294, 295
anu1,

ind., prefix to nouns, adjectives, adverbs; prefix to verbs; preposition; adverb;

frequently inserted in iterative cpds; before vowels usually taking the form anv-
(occasionally ann-,); sometimes, esp. in cpds, lengthened to nu-; sometimes repeated
as preverb, prefix or preposition. 1. as prefix and preverb expresses: with, along;
after, behind; subordinate to, inferior to; according to, in conformity with; severally, one
after the other; repeatedly; 2. as separate preposition: (i) with acc., and in
prepositional cpds, expresses: according to, in conformity with; severally, each by each;
(ii) with loc. expresses: along, alongside; 3. as adverb: anu-d-eva (or = anvadeva

A I U E O K Kh

17

qv): after, afterwards; next; anu- may sometimes represent ano-

anu2, is a frequent spelling for au qv.
anukkama, m., 1. order; succession; 2. an element in the training of horses; 3. an
appurtenance; a toggle.
sahanukkama, 398
anukantati,

pr. 3 sg. [anu1+kantati1], cuts; Dhp 311

anuhahna mfn., [ppr. of an+uhahati] one who does not rouse himself, not
getting up, inactive
anuhahno, 280
anuhnamala [anuhna+mal] the stain of not rising.
utthna, n., 1. rising, getting up; arising, appearance; erection; exertion, effort;
2. produce, yield; revenue; 3. evacuation of the bowels;
anuhna1, n., carrying out, undertaking, performance;
anuhna2, n., not getting up; lack of exertion; laziness;
mala, n., anything impure, stain (lit. & fig.), dirt. In the Canon mostly fig. of
impurities.
anuhnamal, 241
anutappati,

anutapati, pr. 3 sg. 1., vexes; causes remorse (afterwards); 2. suffers

remorse; regrets, repents (afterwards); sorrows over; Dhp 67
anutappati, 67
anuttara, mfn., 1. having no superior; supreme, best; Dhp 23; 2. not having an
answer; unable to reply;
anuttara, 23, anuttaro, 55
anutthunti1, anutthunti1, pr. 3 sg., wails; deplores; laments (for); part.pr. (a)
anutthuna(t), mfn., Dhp 156; (b) anutthuanta, anutthunanta1, mfn.
anutthuna, 156

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18

anuddhata1 (and anuddhaa1 ), mfn., not puffed-up; not over-excited, not flurried;
calm; Dhp 363
anuddhato, 363
anudhamma, m., 1. natural state or essential property; right method; method
according to the dhamma, to the doctrine; 2. a secondary part of the dhamma, of
the doctrine;
anudhammacri(n) [anudhamma+cri(n)] practising according to the Dhamma.
anudhammacr, 20
anupaghta is mc for anpaghta
anpaghta, m. and mfn., 1. (m.) non-injury; the not hurting; Dhp 185; 2.
(mfn.) free from harm; not involving injury;
anupaghto, 185
anupatati,

pr. 3 sg., follows, pursues; falls in; falls upon, attacks; Dhp 221 opt. 2 sg.
anupatiysi; part.pr. (a) anupatanta, mfn.; (b) anupatamna, mfn.; absol.
anupatitv; pp anupatita, mfn., following, accompanying, involved; followed by,
affected with (often ifc); see also anupta, anupti(n).
anupaddava, mfn. and n., 1. (mfn.) free from misfortune or accident; safe;
undamaged; Dhp 338; 2. (n.) freedom from misfortune; safety;
anupaddave, 338
anupavda, anpavda, m., lack of abuse; not blaming or criticising; Dhp 185.
anupavdo, 185
anupassi(n),

mfn., looking for; observing, considering; annupassi(n) (with

rhythmical or metrical lengthening), mfn., not looking upon, not considering.
asubhnupassi, 8, paravajjnupassissa, 253, subhnupassi, 7,
subhnupassino, 349

anupdya [neg. absol. of updiyati], not taking as one 's own, not holding on to, not
grasping; without support, without dependence.
anupdya, 89, 414
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19

anupdiyna, mfn. [neg. part.pr. of updiyati], not grasping; Dhp 20

anupdiyno, 20
anuppatta, mfn. [pp of anuppunti], 1. (pass.) attained, reached; 2. (act.) having
attained, reached; arrived (at) Dhp 386
anuppatta, 386, 403, 411
anupubba, mfn. and n., 1. (mfn.) regular, gradual; tapering; 2. (n.) regular order;
acc. ~a, adv., in regular order, by turn; gradually; ~aso, adv., in regular order;
instr. ~ena, adv., gradually, successively; in due course Dhp 239
anupubbena, 239
anubrheti, ~ayati, anubrhati, pr. 3 sg., makes increase, fosters; devotes oneself to;
practises Dhp 75
anubrhaye, 75
anumodati, pr. 3 sg., rejoices in, approves; thanks; gives thanks (esp. with a
benediction or discourse, see anumodana); part.pr. (a) anumoda(t), mfn.; (b)
anumodanta, mf (~ant) n.; (c) anumodamna, mfn., Dhp 177
anumodamno, 177
anuyujati, anuyujiyati, pr. 3 sg., 1. practises, gives oneself up to; Dhp 247; 2.
questions, examines; calls to account;
anuyujati, 247 anuyujanti, 26 anuyujetha, 27
anurakkhati, pr. 3 sg., protects, guards; preserves; takes care of; Dhp 327
anurakkhatha, 327
anuvicintaya(t), mfn [part.pr. of anuvicinteti, ~ayati], thinking or pondering over;
meditating upon; Dhp 364;
anuvicintaya, 364
anuvicca, ind., testing, examining; discerning, finding out; Dhp 229
anuvicca, 229
anusaya,

m. , (latent) disposition, tendency, propensity, inherence;

tahnusaye, 338

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20

anussati,

pr. 3 sg., teaches, instructs; advises, exhorts; guides, leads (a group);

governs, administers; Dhp 159
anussati, 159 anusseyya, 77, 158, ovadeyynusseyya, 77
anusikkhi(n),

mfn. [from anusikkhati1], studying, learning; following, imitating;

anussarati1 , see sv anusarati.

anussarati2, pr. 3 sg., remembers, recollects, calls to mind; reflects upon; part.pr. (a)
anussara(t), mfn.; Dhp 364 (b) anussaranta, mf(~ant)n.; neg. ananussaranta,
mfn; (c) anussaramna, mfn.,
anussara, 364
anussuka, mfn. [neg. of ussuka], not busy; quiet, unconcerned;
anussuk, 199
anussuta1, mfn., pp of anusyati qv.
anussuta2, mfn., free from lust or defilement; Dhp 400
anussuta, 400
anpalitta, mfn., [neg. of upalitta]
upalitta, mfn. [pp of upalimpati] 1. besmeared, anointed; defiled; smeared with
cow-dung; 2. used to besmear, smeared on; 3. attached to, sticking to;
anpalitto, 353
anuhata, mfn., not removed; not extracted, not rooted out; Dhp 338
anhate, 338
aneka, mfn. [neg. of eka], not one, ie many, various; of various kinds; countless,
numberless;
anekajtisasra, [aneka+jti+sasra] transmigration through countless births
anekajtisasra, 153
aneja, mfn. and n. [neg. of eja] , 1. (mfn.) unmoved, imperturbable; without emotion;
2. (n.) imperturbability; unmoveable state; freedom from emotion.
aneja, 422 anejo, 414

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21

anoka, mfn. and n. [neg. of oka], 1. (mfn.) without a home; independent; 2. (n.)
homelessness; independence Dhp 87
anoka, 87
anokasri(n), mfn. [neg. of okasri(n)] not frequenting a house; not keeping to a
refuge.
anokasri, 404
anta1,

m., 1. end, limit, conclusion; death, destruction; edge, boundary; extreme,

opposing principle; (gr.t.t.) final letter or syllable (ifc); loc. ante', 1. at the end; 2. near,
within; ifc (sometimes pleonastic, or meaning "completion, summation of"). anta2,
mfn., last, ultimate; worst, mean contemptible. anta3, n. (sg. and pl.), the bowels,
intestines;
dukkhassanta, 275, 376
antaka1,

m(fn), "making an end", a designation of the god of death, identified with

Mra; antaka2, n. and mfn. 1. (n.) end, boundary; border; 2. (mfn.) having an edge or
border; antaka3, n. , entrails;
antako, 48 antakena 288
antara, mfn. and n., 1. (mfn.) interior; inner, inward; 2. (n.) (i) interior part, inside;
heart, mind; place between; interval (of time or space); moment between (two events);
distance; difference, disagreement; abl. antar, see sv; 2. (ii) inner meaning, real
state of the case; (iii) weakness, weak point (iv) the inner robe (of the three robes of
the bhikkhu);
antar1, adv. and prep., 1. (adv.) inside; on the way, in the meantime; beforehand,
before (reaching something); Dhp 237 2. (prep.) between (gen. or acc);
antar2, f., ("a between [garment]" or "inner [cloak]"), the middle robe (of the three
robes of the bhikkhu)
antar, 237
antarya1, m., an obstacle, hindrance; danger, accident; (euphemism for) ruin, death;
antarya, 286
antalikkha1, n. (and m. ?), intermediate space, the atmosphere, the air; the sky; Dhp
127
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22

antalikkha2, mfn., belonging to intermediate space, produced in the atmosphere;

antalikkhe, 127, 128
antima1,

mfn., last, final; lowest, meanest;

antima2, mfn., closest, innermost;
antimasarra, [antima+sarra] one who wears his last body, an Angmin Dhp 400.
antimasrra, 400, antimasrro, 352
antimoya [euphonic combination antimo aya, see sv idam]
antimoya, 351
andha, mfn. 1. blind, blinded; mentally blind, foolish, unenlightened; 2. dark;
blinding.
andhakra, m.n. and mfn. [andha+kra], 1. (m.n.) darkness; blackness; 2. (mfn.)
dark, obscuring; obscured.
andhakrena, 146
andhabhta, mfn. [andha+bhta], blinded; mentally blind; Dhp 59
andhabhte, 59, andhabhto, 174
anveti, pr. 3 sg., 1. follows; goes along with; Dhp 1 2. goes into, enters; goes through;
Dhp 124
anveti, 1, 2, 71, 124
apagabbha

(mfn.) [a+pa+gabbha] not entering another womb, i. e. not destined to

another rebirth
apajita, mfn. or n., conquered, lost; or a loss, a defeat; Dhp 105
apajita, 105
apaa, mfn. [neg. of paa], lacking wisdom or knowledge;
apaassa, 372
apattha1, mfn., useless; without meaning;
apattha2, mfn., thrown away; Dhp 149

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23

apattha3, aor. of patati qv.

apatthni, 149
apada, mfn., [neg. of pada], 1. without feet, footless. 2. trackless, leaving no
footprint, fig. having no desires (i. e. signs of worldliness) Dh 179
apada, 179, 180
apabodhati (also written appabodhati), pr. 3 sg., wards off; keeps clear of, avoids;
Dhp 143
apaviddha1, mfn., thrown away; rejected, abandoned (often of a dead body); Dhp 292
apaviddha2, mfn., neg. pp of pavedhati qv.
apaviddha, 292
apassa [neg of passa1] not seeing, one who does not see.
apassa, 113, 114, 115
apya

[fr. apa+i, cp. apeti] "going away" viz. 1. separation, loss Dhp 211. 2. loss
(of property) (atth). 3. leakage, out flow (of water). 4. lapse, falling away (in
conduct). 5. a transient state of loss and woe after death. Four such states are
specified purgatory (niraya), rebirth as an animal, or as a ghost, or as a Titan (Asura).
apara , mfn. (with pronominal inflexion) [ts], another, a further, one more; following,
subsequent; later; western; ifc see anpara, pubb-; acc. -am, adv., again,
further, moreover; instr. -ena, 1. after, beyond; later on, afterwards; 2. to the west;
abl -ato, further on; later;
pubbaparni, 352
apra, n. [a + pra]. 1. the near bank of a river. 2. (fig.) not the further shore (of
life), the world here, i.e. (opp. pra = Nibbna) Dh 385
apra, 385
api1,

ind. , (before vowels ap' or app [<apy]; enclitically usually pi1 qv); emphatic
particle; 1. even, also; even though, although; api ce, even if; api hi, although;
api nna, even, rather; (i) prothetic (at the beginning of a sentence or clause);
Dhp 187; (ii) enclitic: Dhp 106; 2. but, and (at the beginning of a clause); api
ca, and yet, nevertheless; but, however; moreover; api ssu, and further, moreover;
A I U E O K Kh

24

3. as interrogative particle (usually at the beginning of a sentence or clause); api nu,

api nu kho, api nna 4. as emphasis to optative: perhaps, maybe; wplease
may...; if only; I wish that... api nma; app eva; app eva na; app eva
nma; api nu; api no, 5. indeed, surely; yes (at the beginning of a sentence):
api2 (and pi2), ind. , prefix and preverb to verbs and their derivatives, expressing:
placing on or over; covering; nearness;
api, 65, 100, 101, 106, 107, 187, 196
apualbha [a+pua+lbha] gaining demerit
apualbha, 309 apualbho, 310
aputhujjanasevita [a+puthujjana+sevita], not associated with worldlings
aputhujjanasevita, 272
apekkh, apekh, f., regard, attention, longing for (loc);
apekh, 345
apeta1, mfn. [pp of apeti], gone away, departed (from); rid of, deprived of; Dhp 9
apeto, 9
apetakaddama, mfn. [apeta+kaddama] rid of dirt
kaddama, m., mud; dirt;
apetakaddamo, 95
apetavia, mfn., without consciousness; Dhp 41
apetavio, 41
appa,

mfn. and n. [S. alpa], 1. (mfn.) small, little; trifling; few; rare; iic: very little, next
to nothing (almost equivalent to a negative); Dhp 174 2. (n.) a little, a small amount;
a trifling thing Dhp 224
appam, 20, 259 appo, 174 appa-lbho, 366 appa-sattho, 123 appa-ssd,
186 appa-ssutya, 152 appiccha, 404 dajjppasmim [dajj+appa+asmi],
224,
appagabbha

mfn. [a+pagabbha] unobtrusive, free from boldness, modest

A I U E O K Kh

25

appaka, mf(~ and ~ik)n. and n., 1. (mfn.) little, small, insignificant; rare; (pl.) few;
2. (n.) a little; a small amount;
appak, 85
appaibaddhacitta, [a+paibaddha+citta]
appaibaddhacitto, 218
appatta, mfn. [a+patta2 qv], not obtained, i. e. without
appatto, 272
appaduha,

mfn. [a+paduha], not corrupt, faultless, of good behaviour.

appaduhassa, 125, appaduhesu, 137

apabodhati (& appabodhati), pr. 3 sg., wards off; keeps clear of, avoids;
appabodhati, 143
appamatta1, mfn., of small measure, little, insignificant;
appamattassa, 24 appamatt, 21 appamatto, 27, 29, 56
appamda,

m. [a+pamda], thoughtfulness, carefulness, conscientiousness,

watchfulness, vigilance, earnestness, zeal Dhp 57; 327.
appamda, 30 appamda, 26 appamdamhi, 22 appamde, 22
appamdena, 28, 30 appamdo, 21, uhnenappamdena, 25
appamdarata [appamda+rata], delighting in heedfulness (= satiy avippavse
abhirata DhA IV.26)
appamdarat, 327 appamdarato, 31, 32
appamdavihrin, mfn. [appamda+vihrin], dwelling in watchfulness. being in a
state of watchfulness.
appamdavihrina, 57
appalbho [appa+lbha], m. and mfn., 1. (m.) little gain; 2. (mfn.) receiving little
gain or profit; Dhp 366
appalbho, 366

A I U E O K Kh

26

appasattho [appa +sattha1], mfn., with a small caravan; Dhp 123

appasattho, 123
appassd [appa+assda], mfn., of little enjoyment; affording little pleasure; Dhp
186
appassd, 186
appassuta [appa+(s)suta], mfn. and n., 1. (mfn.) of little learning, uneducated; Dhp
152; 2. (n.) little learning, ignorance;
appassutya, 152
appicch, [appa+icch] f., the desiring little; contentment
appiccha, 404
appiyal, mfn., fpp of appeti1 qv.
appiya2, mfn. [neg. of piya], unpleasant
appiyna, 210, appiyehi, 210, appiyo, 77
appeti1,

appyati2, pr. 3 sg., puts in, inserts; fixes on, fastens; directs, turns towards,
esp. directs the mind (upon), concentrates, achieves a state of concentration; delivers
up, gives; displays, exhibits;
appossukka [appa+ossukka] (and ossuka), mfn., unconcerned, indifferent; free
from care; not being active or exerting oneself; Dhp 330
appossukko, 330
aphala, n. [a+phala], (lit.) no fruit (of trees etc.) (fig.) no fruit, result, consequence,
fruition, blessing.
aphal, 51
abala1, abaa, mfn., foolish, feeble; babbling;
abalassa, 29
abbata, mfn. and n. [a+vata], (a) (n.) that which is not "vata" i. e. moral obligation,
breaking of the moral obligation (b) (mfn.) one who offends against the moral
obligation, lawless
abbato, 264
A I U E O K Kh

27

abbha, m.n., ~ , f., 1. the sky; 2. a cloud, thundercloud; Dhp 173

abbh, 172, 173, 382
abbhakkhna, n., false accusation; slander; Dhp 139
abbhakkhna, 139
abbhantara, mfn. and n. [S. abhyantara], 1. (mfn.) interior, internal; being within,
included in, among; belonging to one 's house, personal, intimate; 2. (.) (i)
intermediate space, interval; the inside, interior;
abbhantara, 394
abhabba , mfn. [a+bhavya] impossible, not likely, unable Dhp 32;
abhabbo, 32
abhaya mfn., [a+bhaya] free from fear or danger, fearless. n. abhaya confidence,
safety
abhaye, 317, abhayo, 258 cbhayadassino, 317
abhvita, [a+bhvita] undeveloped
abhvita, 13
abhijnti, pr. 3 sg., 1. recognises, knows; understands; opt. 3 sg. (a) abhija, (b)
abhijneyya; part.pr. (a) abhijna(t), mfn., (b) abhijnanta, mf(~ant)n.; neg.
anabhijnanta, mfn., (c) abhijnamna, mfn.; aor. 3 sg. (a) abbhasi, (b)
abhisi; 3pl. (a) abbhasu, (b) abbhaasu, abhi-aasu, (c)
abbhaisu, (d) abhiasu; 2. is aware of; acknowledges; remembers; (i)+acc,
esp. acc. of pp: (ii) +absol., (iii) +nom. of agent noun; (iv) +aor. absol. (a)
abhinnya; Dhp 75; (b) abhinn1; (c) abhijnitv;
abhiya, 75, 166, 353
abhivosita [abi+vosita] , mfn., perfected through higher knowledge; Dhp 423
abhivosito, 423
abhittharati, pr. 3 sg., makes haste; Dhp 116
abhittharetha, 116

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28

abhinandati, pr. 3 sg., rejoices at, welcomes; approves of; is pleased at;
abhinandanti, 219
abhibhavati, abhibhoti (and abhihoti), abhibhuyyati1, abhibhunti, pr. 3 sg.,
overcomes, overpowers; surpasses; is lord over; fut. 3 sg. (a) abhibhavissati; (b)
abhihessati1; part.pr. (a) abhibhava(t), mfn.; (b) abhibhavanta, mf(~ant)n.;
aor. 3 sg. (a) abhibhavi; (b) abhibhosi; 1 sg. (a) abhibhavim; (b) abhibhosim; 3 pl.
abhibhavimsu; part, perf act. abhibhavitava(t), mfn., who has overcome; absol
(a) abhibhuyya; Dhp 328; (b) abhibhavitv; (c) abhibhaviya; (d) abhibhotvna;
(e) abhibhuyyitv; pass. pr. 3 sg. (a) abhibhuyyati2, abhibhyati, is overcome, is
afflicted;
abhibhuyya, 328
abhibh,

m(fn)., vanquishing, overcoming; one who surpasses; a master, a sovereign;

sabbalokbhibhu, 418, sabbbhibh, 353

abhimatthati,

pr. 3 sg. churns, rotates (to make fire); rubs, grinds; afflicts, hurts Dhp

161
abhimatthati, 161
abhirata

(pp of abhiramati) mfn., finding delight (in); content (with, loc. or ifc);
papacbhirat, 254

abhirati,

(f.) pleasure, delighting (in, loc. or ifc); contentment;

tatrbhiratim, 88,

abhirhati, abhiruhati, pr. 3 sg., ascends, climbs; climbs on to or into; embarks (on);
steps on; Dhp 321
rjbhirhati, 321
abhivahati,

pr. 3 sg. , 1. increases, grows more and more; grows higher than,
outgrows (+ acc); Dhp 24; 2. makes increase, furthers;
abhivassati, pr. 3 sg., rains, rains down (upon, acc); showers; pp abhivuha,
abhivaha, abhivaa, mfn., 1. (act.) having rained down; having poured down; 2.

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(pass.) rained upon; Dhp 335

abhivaha, 335
abhivdana, n., ~ , f., respectful greeting; salutation; Dhp 108; -sili(n), mfn.,
habitually respectful; Dhp 109.
abhivdanaslissa, 109, abhivdan, 108
abhisambudhna, mfn., understanding, realising. Dhp 46.
abhisambudhno, 46
abbhuta1, mfn., n., and m., 1.(i)(mfn.) astonishing, wonderful; out of the ordinary,
strange; (ii) (n.) a wonderful thing, a marvel; abbhuta is used often as an
exclamation (frequently combined with acchariya): how wonderful! what an
astonishing thing!; 2. (n.) the name of one of the nine agas of the scriptures; 3.
(m.) (i) (scil. raso) the marvellous, one of the nine dramatic sentiments; (ii) a marvel.
abhta,

mfn. [a+bhta], not real, false, not true, usually as n. falsehood, lie, deceit;
instr. abhtena falsely.
abhtavd [abhta+vd] one who speaks falsely or tells lies Dhp 306; expld. as
"ariyo pavda-vasena alika ~vdin"
abhtavd, 306
amata, mfn. and n., [neg. pp of marati], deathless (=nibbna)
amata, 114, 374
amatapada, n. [amata+pada], way to the deathless
amatapada, 21
amatogadha, mfn. [amata+ogadha], immersed in the deathless
ogadha1, m., firm footing in water, firm ground; a ford; ifc see amat- (sv marati).
ogadha2 , mfn. and m., 1. (mfn.) plunged into; immersed (in); included (in); ifc see
amat' - (sv marati). 2. (m.) plunging into, immersion;
amatogadha, 411

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amattau mfn. [a + matta + u], not knowing any bounds (in the taking of food),
intemperate, immoderate Dh 7
amattau, 7
amnusa mf(~)n., divine; ghostly (=superhuman)
amnus, 373
amitteneva, 66, 207
aya

(see ida)
aya, 56, 174, 356, 357, 358, 359 cya [ca aya], 104, athya, 85
[atha aya]

aya(s), n. (nom. ayo; acc. ayo, ayam; instr. ayas, ayena; abl. ayas, ayato and
ayasm; loc. ayasi, ayasmi); iron; metal; Dhp 240
ayas, 240
ayoga, [a+yoga]
ayog, 282, ayoge, 209
ayoguo [ayo+gua], ayagua, m (and n.), an iron ball; Dhp 308
ayoguo, 308
ayojeti [a+yojeti]
ayojaya, 209
araa, n., wilderness; forest, jungle; the wild; Dhp 98, 99
arani, 99 arae, 98
arati, 418
araha(t), m. (and f. ?). [part.pr. of arahati qv;] (sg. nom. ~a, ~; acc. ~anta; instr.
~at, ~antena; dat./gen. ~ato, ~antassa; loc. ~ante, ~antamhi; pl. nom. ~anto, ~ant;
(f. ~antiyo); acc. ~ante; instr. ~antehi; dat./gen. ~ata, ~antna; loc. ~antesu; iic
araha(t) and arahanta), "a worthy one", an arahat; (in Buddhism) one who has
realised nibbna; one in whom the savas are destroyed and who is no longer liable to

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31

rebirth;
arahata, 164 arahanta, 420
arahati, pr. 3 sg., is worthy of, deserves; is entitled to; is fit to; ought to; should, must (+
inf.); Dhp 10 part.pr. araha(t), mfn)., see sv; fpp arahanya, mfn., caus. pr. 3 sg.
araheti, ~ayati, honours; pp arahita, mfn., honoured;
arahati, 9, 10, 230
ariya,

mfn. and n., 1. (racial) Aryan. 2. (social) noble, distinguished, of high birth.
3. (ethical) in accord with the customs and ideals of the Aryan clans, held in esteem by
Aryans, generally approved. Hence: right, good, ideal.
ariya1, mfn., m. and n., 1. (mfn.) belonging to the Ariya people; 2. (mfn. and m.) (i)
of noble birth; high-caste, eminent; (ii) noble sublime, fine; belonging to the noble
ones (used esp. of the Buddha's teaching and followers, almost = "Buddhist"); a noble
one (one who is not puthujjana); Dhp 206 3. (n.) Ariya speech;
ariya, 208 ariya, 191, ariyna, 22, 164, 206, ariyo, 270

ariyappavedita [ariya+(p)pavedita] made known by the noble one

ariyappavedite, 79
ariyabhmi [ariya+bhmi] noble place
ariyabhmim, 236
ariyasacca, nt. [ariya+sacca], noble truth
ariyasaccni, 190
aru, n. (and f. ?), a sore or wound; -kya, m., a mass of sores; Dhp 147
arukya, 147
alankaroti, pr. 3 sg. [alan+karoti], ornaments; adorns oneself; puts on; (neg.) finds no
satisfaction in;
alakata, mfn. [pp of alankaroti], adorned, decorated; wearing ornaments; Dhp 142
alakato, 142

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alajjitye [neg, of lajjitye gerundive of lajjati] (nt.) what one should not be ashamed
of, not shameful.
alajjitye, 316
aladdh [neg. of laddh absol. of labhati] not having gained, obtained, received.
aladdh, 155, 156
alasa, mfn., lazy, inactive; indolent, idle; Dhp 280
alaso, 280
alpu, n., (the fruit of) the bottle-gourd; Dhp 149
albu (and alvu), mf. and n. , 1. (m.f) the bottle-gourd, Lagenaria vulgaris; 2. (n.)
the fruit of the bottle-gourd; a vessel made from the bottlegourd; Dhp 149
alpneva, 149
alika, mfn. and n., untrue, false; a lie, a falsehood; Dhp 264
alika, 264
alikavdina = alika+vdina
alikavdina, 223
alnpagabbha, alna+apagabbha also allna, appagabbha, not clinging and not
destined for rebirth? sincere and modest? not resorting to rebirth in the womb?
alnenpagabbhena, 245
alna,

active, open, sincere [opposite of lna, pp of lyati, clinging, sticking; slow,

sluggish; shy, reserved, dull ]
allna,

pp of allyati, mfn., sticking to, attached to; come close to; resorting to;

avaca1, mfn., low, inferior;

noccvaca, 83
avaksa

& oksa [ava + k to shine] 1. "appearance" 2. "opportunity".

hatvakso, 97

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33

avajja1, mfn. and n., 1. (mfn.) blameable; low, inferior 2. (n.) what is blameable;
imperfection, fault; avajja2, see sv vajja1.
avajja, 319 avajjato, 319 avajje, 318
avajjadassin [avajja+ dassino]]
cvajjadassino, 318
avadhi1, m. , term; limit; boundary;
avadhi2, aor. 3 sg. of vadhati qv.
avadhi, 3, 4
avijnanto, [neg part pr. of vijnti] ignorant Dhp 38, 60.
avijnata, 60 avijnato, 38
avijj, f., ignorance; the main root of evil and of continual rebirth. avijj is termed
an anusaya; it is one of the sav, of the ogh, of the nvarani, of the sayojanni
avijj, 243
avitiakakha [a+vitia+kakha] not having overcome all doubt.
avitiakakha, 141
aviddasu mfn., [neg. of viddasu] ignorant, foolish
aviddasu, 268
aviruddha, mfn. [neg. of viruddha (pp. of virundhati)], unobstructed, free Dhp 406
aviruddha, 406
avekkhati, pr. 3 sg., looks down on; looks upon; considers; Dhp 28
avekkhati, 28 avekkhanta, 170 avekkheyya, 50
avera mfn., [neg. of vera] peaceable, mild, friendly. avera (n.) friendliness,
kindness.
averin mfn. and n., = avera Dhp 197, 258.
averino, 197, aver, 258, averena, 5
avoca

= 2s aorist of vatti

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34

asavuta [neg. of savuta], unrestrained, ungoverned

asavuta, 7
asasaha mfn. [neg. of sasaha] not mixed or mixing, not associating, not
given to society Dhp 404.
asasaha, 404
asajjamna mfn. [neg. of sajjamna] not clinging, not stuck, unattached Dhp 221.
asajjamna, 221
asajjhyamal, [asajjhya+mala] non-repetition impurities
asajjhyamal, 241
asajjhaya,

[neg. of sajjhya] non-repetition

asaata [neg. pp. of sayamati] lit. not drawn together; fig. unrestrained, not
self-controlled
asaat, 248, 307 asaato, 308
asa(t) & asanto, mfn. [neg. of sa(t), part.pr. of atthi], not being, not being good, i. e.
bad, not genuine Dhp 73, 77, 367
asata, 73, 77, asat, 367
asatta, mfn. [pp. of a + sajjati] not clinging or attached, free from attachment Dhp
419;
asatta, 419
asantsin, mfn. [neg. of santsin], fearless, not trembling, not afraid Dhp 351.
asants, 351

asantettha [a+sant??...]
asantettha, 304
asabbha, mfn., unbecoming, vulgar, low; uncivil; indecent, improper; Dhp 77
asabbh, 77

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35

asamhita, mfn., [neg. of samhita], uncollected (of mind), unsettled, scattered,

inattentive.
asamhito, 110, 111
asarra, mfn., [neg. of sarra] without a body, bodiless
asarra, 37
asdhu, mfn. [neg of sdhu], bad, wicked Dhp 163, 223
asdhu, 223, asdhni, 163

asra, m., mfn. [a+sra], that which is not substance, worthlessness; adj. worthless,
vain; Dhp 11, 12 (cp. DhA I.114 for interpretation).
asra, 12 asrato, 12 asre, 11 csradassino, 11
ashasa, (n.) [a+shasa] absence of violence, meekness, peaceableness
ashasena, 257
asi1,

pr. 2 sg. of atthi1, you are

dnisi, 235, 237, dihosi, 154, sampaytosi, 237

asuddhi, f. [fr. udh], impurity

asuddh, 165
asubha, anything repulsive, disgusting or unpleasant.
asubha, 350
asubhnupassi(n) [asubha+anupassi(n)] contemplation of the repulsive.
asubhnupassi, 8
asoka2, mfn., see sv soka.
asoka, 412, asoko, 28
asma(n), asma2, m; (sg. nom. asm; instr. asman, asmena; loc. asmani), a stone;
asm, 220
asmamaya, mfn., made of stone; Dhp 161
vasmamaya, 161

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36

asmi,

pr. 1 sg. of atthi1

asmi, 353

asmi loc. m.n. of ida qv.

asmi, 168, 169, 242, 410 dajjppasmim [dajj+appa qv+asmi], 224,
assa1,

m. [S. aman], a stone;

assa2, m. [S. ~ara], a corner; edge;assa3, m. [S. ava], a horse; pl. also: cavalry; Dhp 94

assa4, sg. dat./gen. m.n. of ida qv

assa5, m. [cf S. sa], ashes, dust;
assa6, n. [S. sya], the mouth;
assa7, assa8, opt. 3 sg., 2 sg. of atthi1 qv.
assa, 380, ass, 94, athassa, 384, paisanthravuttassa, 376
assatara, m., a mule Dhp 322
assatar, 322
assaddha mfn. [a+saddha], not credulous
assaddho, 97
assu3 , 3 pl. of atthi1; Dhp 74
assu, 74
assu4, n., a tear; tears

assumukha, mf(~ and )n. and n. [assu4+mukha], 1.(mfn.) (i) with tearful face, with
a face wet with tears; (ii) involving or causing tearful faces; 2. (n.) a tearful face;
assumukho, 67
aha(n),

aha(r), n. (ifc also m.) (sg. nom. aha1; acc. aho1, ahu1; loc. ahani, ahe1 [and
in cts ahu2]; pl. nom./acc. ahni; iic aho-; ifc ~aha, ~aha), a day; (aho)-ratta, m.,
a day and a night; acc. ~a, adv., day and night, continually; ~nusikkhi(n),
mfn., continually studying, learning;
ekha, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115

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37

aha,

pron. 1 pers. (sg. nom. aha [and ahaka]; acc. ma, mama [and me];
instr. may, me [enclitic]; abl. may [and mamato, mama, me]; dat./gen. mama,
mama, mayha, me [enclitic]; loc. mayi; pl nom. maya, amhe [and no1]; acc.
amhe, asme, no2 [enclitic] [and amha?]; instr. amhehi [and asmhi]; abl. amhehi;
dat./gen, amhka, asmka, amha, no3 [enclitic]; loc. amhesu, asmsu [and
asmasu]; (sg.) I, I myself; the ego; (pl.) we;
aha, 222, 320, 385, 386, 391, 395, 396, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 402, 403,
404,405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 416, 417, 418, 419,
420,421, 422, 423, sabbavidham, 353
ahsi, aor. 3 sg. of harati qv.
harati 1. to carry Dhp 124; to take with one 2. to bring; to offer 3. to take,
gather 4. to fetch, buy 5. to carry away, to remove; to do away with, to
abolish 6. to take away by force, to plunder, steal Dhp 3 7. to take off, to
destroy
ahsi, 3, 4
ahisaka mfn., not injuring others, harmless, humane.
ahisak, 225
ahis (f.) [a+his] not hurting, humanity, kindness
ahis, 261, 270 ahisya, 300
ahita, mfn., m., and n. [a+hita], 1. (mfn. and m.) not beneficia!; harmful; ill-disposed,
unfriendly, hostile; an enemy;
ahitni, 163
ahirika, ahirika, mfn. and n. [a3+hiri+ka2], 1. (mfn.) shameless; Dhp 244; 2. (n.)
shamelessness;
ahirikena, 244
ahehaya, [part.pr. of heheti] harassing, worrying, injuring Dhp 49;
ahehaya, 49
ahoratta,

m., a day and a night; see sv aha(n).

A I U E O K Kh

38

ahorattnusikkhi(n), mfn., continually studying, learning; see ahoratta ,

anusikkhi(n) Dhp 226
ahorattnusikkhina, 226
ahoratti, f., a day and a night; Dhp 387
ahoratti, 387

__
kakhati, pr. 3 sg., wishes; desires, longs for; wants to, is willing (to); intends;
part.pr. (a) kankha(t),/w).,
kakhati, pr. 3 sg. , wishes; desires, longs for; wants to, is willing (to); intends;
absol. kahkha, Dhp 343
kakha, 343
ksa1, m. (and n.), attraction; (object of) fascination;
ksa2, m.n., 1. the ether; air, sky; space; open space; Dhp 92; 2. a game, playing in the
air;
kse, 92, 93, 175, 254, 255
kirati, pr. 3 sg., sprinkles, scatters over; pours (into, loc), heaps up (in); dispenses;
Dhp 313
kirate, 313
gacchati, pr. 3 sg., comes, comes near; comes back, returns; reaches, attains; is
recorded, is handed down by tradition; fut. 3 sg. (a) gamissati, Dhp 121; (b)
gacchissati absol. (a) gamma, coming, having come; attained; owing to, with
reference to, by means of; Dhp 87; (b) gantv, coming; having come, reached;
returning; (c) gantvna; (d) neg. angantna;
gamissati, 121, 122, gamma, 87, 189, 192
gata, mfn. and n., [pp of gacchati qv.] 1. (mfn.) come, arrived, come back; present;
having reached, attained; come down, handed down, learnt; 2. (n.) arrival; coming;
gata, 219, 220

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39

cra, m., behaviour, conduct, practice; good conduct, right way of behaving; rule of
conduct; approaching;

crakusala, mfn. [cra+kusala], of skillful conduct

crakusalo, 376
cinti, cinati, pr. 3 sg., accumulates; collects for oneself; heaps up; part.pr. (a)
cina(t), mfn., Dhp 121; (b) cinanta, mfn.,
cina, 121, 122
jnya, jniya, jniyya, jneyya, mfn. and m, well-bred; thoroughbred,
noble (of animals, esp. horses; also of people); a thoroughbred;
jny, 322
jva

[+jva] m., livelihood, mode of living, living, subsistence

jvin

mfn., n., [fr. jva] having one's livelihood, finding one's subsistence, living,
leading a life of (~)
tappa, n. , heat; zeal; ascetic energy; exertion; Dhp 276
tappa, 276
tpi(n), mfn., energetic, zealous; exerting oneself; Dhp 143
tpino, 144
tura, mfn., sick, ill; suffering, afflicted; wretched;
tura, 147
dicca,

m. and mfn., 1. (m.) the sun

dhipacca,

n. [from adhipati], sovereignty, supremacy; power, control;

sabbalokdhipaccena, 178

antura, mfn., not sickhealthy, well; Dhp 198

turesu, 198
dna1, n. (and m.), 1. (i) taking, grasping; holding on to; attachment; (ii) (the
grasping of) a view; 2. taking food, foraging;
A I U E O K Kh

40

dna2, n., binding;

dnapainissagge, 89
dya1, absol. of diyati1 qv.
dya2, m. [from diyati1], (the adopting of) a belief a view;
dya3, ind. [absol. of 2+Loading...3; cf S. dyati], fastening to; having fixed
(on);
dya, 47, 49, 268, 287
di1, m. (and mfn. ?), 1. (m.) beginning, starting point, cause; Dhp 375; 2. (mfn.) prior,
initial; 3. ifc and after phrases ending in ti (when the whole phrase plus di
functions as a declinable cpd); beginning with, etcetera, and so on;
di2, m. or f., taking; ?
di, 375
dicca, m. and mfn., 1. (m.) the sun; Dhp 387; 2. (mfn.) belonging to the dicca
lineage;
dicco, 387
diyati1,

pr. 3 sg. [S. datte; BHS aadiyati], takes, accepts, receives; takes up,
undertakes; appropriates; seizes, grasps; pp (a) atta1, mfn. [S. tta], taken; assumed;
grasped; absol: taking, receiving; with; (a) dya1, Dhp 49; (b) d; (c) diya1 pp
(a) atta1, mfn., taken; assumed; grasped; nuyogi(n), mfn., intent on what one has
taken up; Dhp 209
diyati2, pr. 3 sg. [S. driyate; but frequently interpreted by cts as diyati1 ], attends
to, takes notice of; shows respect to (acc. or gen.);
diyati, 246
nanda, m., joy, pleasure, bliss; Dhp 146
nando, 146
pajjati,

pr. 3 sg., comes to, reaches; enters upon, falls into, is reduced to (a state or
condition), is changed into; gets into trouble; commits an offence (with patti or used
absolutely), transgresses; happens, occurs; Dhp 309
pajjat, 309
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41

bdha, m., affliction, pain, distress; sickness, disease; Dhp 138

bdha, 138
bhassara, m(fn). shining, radiant; 1. (m.pl.) (the name of) a class of gods inhabiting
one of the rpabrahmalokas; Dhp 200; 2. (m.) the name of that brahmaloka
bhassar, 200
bhti, bheti, pr. 3 sg., shines; irradiates, illumines; Dhp 387
bhti, 387
patti, f., the entering into a state or condition; a fault, transgression, esp. an offence
committed by a bhikkhu,' committing (an offence);
sotpattiphala, 178
maha, mfn. and n. [pp of masati], touched; touched upon; considered; touching;
dupparmaha, 311
misa,

n., 1. flesh; food; bait, lure, reward; 2. object of enjoyment; material goods,
worldly possessions;
vantalokmiso, 378

yasa, ayasa1, mfn., made of iron; Dhp 345

yasa, 345
yu, n. (and m.) (sg. nom./acc. ~u, ~u (and ~usa ifc); instr. ~un, ~us; dat./gen.
~uno, ~ussa; loc. ~usmi, ~umhi;), life; vital power; duration of life, life-time; long life;
Dhp 135
yu, 109, yu, 135
yoga, m., 1. binding; a bandage; 2. occupation, exercise, exertion; practice; 3. a
loan;
yogo, 185
r1, f., an awl; a bodkin; a needle;
r2, ind., far off, at a distance; far from (+abl.); Dhp 253
r, 253

A I U E O K Kh

42

rgga [r+agga1], the point of an awl; Dhp 407

rgga 407, ragge, 401
raddha1, mfn., pp of rabhati1 qv.
raddhavriya mfn. [raddha+vriya m.c. for viriya], with aroused effort
raddhavriya, 8
rabhati1 (and rambhati, rabbhati1), pr. 3 sg., takes hold of; begins, undertakes,
embarks upon; starts, initiates; part.pr. (a) rabha(t), mfn.; Dhp 112; (b)
rabhanta, mfn.; (c) rabhamna, mfn.,
rabhato, 112

rdha, m. and mfn. 1. (m.) homage winning the favour of; 2. (mfn.) paying homage,
propitiating;
rdheti, ~ayati, pr. 3 sg., wins the favour or approval of, conciliates, propitiates;
honours, satisfies; accomplishes, fulfils, carries to a successful end; achieves, gains; Dhp
281
rdhaye, 281
rma,

m., 1. pleasure, delight; 2. a pleasure-grove, a garden, a park, esp. one given

for the benefit of bhikkhus (and containing shelters or dwellings);
dhammrmo, 364

rmarukkhacetyni, n.acc.pl. [rma+rukkha+cetyni] parks, trees and shrines

rmarukkhacetyni, 188
rohati, ruhati, rhati, pr. 3 sg., mounts, climbs, goes up; gets on to or into, steps on
to; climbs on or into; absol. (a) ruyha; Dhp 28; (b) rohitv; (c) rohitvna; (d)
ruhitv; (e) rhitvna
ruyha, 28
rogya, rogiya, n. (and mfn.), 1. (n.) freedom from disease; health, well-being; 2.
(mfn.) well, healthy;

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43

rogyaparama [rogya+parama] the greatest freedom from disease

rogyaparam, 204
laya, m.n. , 1. settling-place, abode; nest, lair; house, hall, shelter; repository; 2. the
wish or intention to have or keep or to settle; clinging; longing, desire, attachment;
intention; Dhp 411
yasslay, 411
lasiya1, lasya, lassa, n., idleness, sloth; want of energy; Dhp 280
lasiya, 280
vsa, m. (and n.), living, sojourn; dwelling-place, inhabited place; residence, esp. a
residence or dwelling for bhikkhus; Dhp 73 durvsa, mfn., hard to live in; Dhp
302
vsesu, 73
sana,

n. [from sati], sitting, sitting down; a seat, throne

eksana, 305, sayansana, 185

sava1,

m., decoction; distilled spirit, liquor;

sava2, m. (and n.) 1., "inflowing", influence (the concerns, attitudes, predispositions,
listed as kma, bhava, avijj and, sometimes, dihi, which form an obstacle to the
realisation of the truth of things, and so, in themselves and through the actions they
motivate, bring about further existence; their ending or destruction is in fact
arahat-ship); Dhp 226; 2. , affliction, pain (so ct); 3., discharge (from a wound);
sav, 226, 253, 292, 293, yasssav, 93
savakkhaya,

m. [sava+khaya], ending, destruction of the savas, arahat-ship;

Dhp 253
savakkhaya, 272 savakkhay, 253
s1,

f., wish, hope, expectation;

s, 410, vantso, 97

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44

sati, pr. 3 sg., sits; dwells; remains; part.pr. sna1, mfn., seated, sitting; remaining,
continuing; Dhp 227 aor. 3pi. sittha; pp sna2, mfn. ?, sat on; ?
sna, 227, 386
si1,

f., , see sv s1.

si2 , f., see sv s2.
si3, si4, aor. 3 sg., 2 sg., of atthi1 qv.
si5, pr. 2 sg., [poss. ofLoading...or of atthi1] you sit; or you are.
si(n), mfn., eating, consuming;
s1, si1, f., wish; benediction;
s2, si2, f., a snake's fang;
s3, aor. 3sg. of atthi1 qv.
hra, m. (and n.), taking; food, nutriment, sustenance; fuel; support; Dhp 93
hre, 93
ha1,

hu1, perf. 3 sg. [of defective verb Loading...] (perf. expressing present, past and
indefinite time) says, speaks; tells; said, spoke; speaks about; calls, regards as; (to
introduce objections) someone might say, it is said; 3 sg. ha1, (and hu1); Dhp 306;
2 sg. ha2; 3 pl. (a) hu2 Dhp 345; (b) hasu.
hu, 345, 346, 362

_I_
icchati1, pr. 3 sg., 1. wishes, wishes for; desires, longs for; strives to obtain; is willing,
intends Dhp 73; 2. (gr.t.t.) approves, allows; prescribes;
icchati2, pr. 3 sg., goes, moves; reaches, obtains;
icchati, 291 icchat, 162 icche, 84 iccheyya, 73, 84, 88
icch,

f, wish, desire Dhp 74.

iccha, 334 icch, 74 , appiccha, 404, vigaticchesu, 359

icchdosa, mfn. [icch+dosa], harmed by desire

icchdos, 359

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icchlobhasampanna, [icch+lobha+sampanna] given to desire

icchlobhasampanno, 264
ijita, (pp of ijati) mfn. and n., 1. (mfn.) moved, perturbed Dhp 255; 2. (n.)
movement; disturbance;
ijita, 255
itara, mfn., pron., 1. the other (of two); another, other; the second; next; (pl.) the rest,
the other ...; 2. other, common, ordinary, low (esp. with paj) Dhp 85.
itar, 85, 104
itartara, mfn., [itara+itara] 1. one with another, one after another; one another,
mutual; 2. one or another, whatsoever, any sort of Dhp 331.
itartarena, 331
itara, mfn., pron. (sg. f instr. ~ya; dat./gen. ~iss, ~ya; loc.~iss, ~issam, ~ya,
~ya; pl. m. nom. also ~; gen. also ~esnam), 1. the other (of two); another, other;
the second; next; (pl.) the rest, the other ...; 2. other, common, ordinary, low (esp. with
paj)
itaro, 222
iti1,

ind., in this way; so; thus (often following a clause ending with ti); iti is used
especially to mark 1. a quotation of words or thoughts (i) before the quotation, with a
verb of saying, thinking, etc; (ii) after (usually immediately after) the quotation,
with or without a verb of saying, thinking, etc (serving the purpose of inverted commas;
the usual Pali form is ti qv) Dhp 62; 2. a single word or name or expression; a list;
iti2, pr. 3 sg., see sv eti'.
iti, 62, 74, 186, 261, 286
itthi

& itth, f., woman, female; also (usually as ~) wife. Opp. purisa man

ida,

n., demonstr. pronoun, (sg. nom. m.f. aya, n. idam [and imam]; acc. m.f.
ima, n. ida, ima; instr. m.n. anena, imin, amin, f. imya; abl m.n. asm2,
imasm, imamh; f. imya; dat./.gen. m.n. assa4, imassa,f. ass2, imiss [and
assya, imassya, imya]; loc. m.n. asmi, imasmi, imamhi [and amhi], f.
imiss, assa, imissa, imya, imya; pl. nom. m. ime, f. im, imyo, n.
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46

imni; acc. m. ime, f. im, n. imni; instr. m.n. imehi (and ehi), f. imhi; dat.f.gen.
m.n. esa, imesa, sa, esnam [and imesna], f. sa, imsa; loc. m.n.
imesu (and esu), f. imsu); iic idam-; 1. this (referring to what is immediately
present [in space or in thought]; or referring to what immediately precedes or follows);
2. such, like that (often implying contempt); (repeated) such and such; 3. (with rel.
pronoun) whoever, whatever Dhp 56; 4. (as personal pronoun) of him, of her; his,
etc.;
ida, 40, 144, 148, 326, 338, idan, 371
idni (before vowels often idan or idnim), ind., now, at this moment; just now;
iddhi, f., 1. prosperity, success; splendour; splendid attribute, accomplishment; 2.
esp. supernatural accomplishment, magic power (possessed by devas, etc, and attained
by some ascetics and bhikkhus) Dhp 175
iddhiy, 175
idha, ind., here, in this place; hither; in this world; in this existence; in this case, in this
connection (introducing an example or hypothesis); in this teaching, in this system Dhp
5 267, 409, 415
idha, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, 286, 375 idheva, 247, 402 yodha, 267, 409, 412,
415, 416
indriya, n., power, faculty; controlling principle; 1. the five (or six, including
mind) sense-faculties; (the serenity of the senses is perceptible to others) Dhp
94; 2. five mental faculties or energies;
indriyesu, 7, 8
indriyagutti, f. [indriya+gutti], guarding the sense faculties
gutti, f., protecting, protection; guarding; controlling;
indriyagutti, 375
ima, acc. m.f.n. of demonstrative pronoun ida
ima, 40, 44, 45, 46, 172, 173, 369, 382, 414
imettam [euphonic combination: ima eta]
imettam, 196
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47

iriyati (and iriyati), pr. 3 sg., moves, moves about; behaves, conducts oneself, lives (in
a certain way); caus. pr. 3 sg. (a) reti, ~ayati, causes to move; sends; calls;
proclaims; caus. pr. 3 sg. (b) ereti, ~ayati, makes move, stirs; makes sound; raises
one's voice Dhp 134.
iva,

(occasionally lengthened to iv or iva mc) ind., like, as; as if, as it were; iva is
(a) sometimes combined with a preceding vowel; (b) sometimes separated from a
preceding vowel by a sandhi consonant, in which case a preceding long vowel is
sometimes shortened Dhp 401; before iva (c) a preceding ~a sometimes becomes
~am or ~amm Dhp 143; or (d) is shortened to ~a; iva (e) occasionally perhaps
represents eva; and (f) is sometimes written as eva, see eva
iva, 44, 45, 143, 227, 401, 407, slamivotata, 162
isi,

m., 1. a holy man, one gifted with special powers of insight & inspiration, an
anchoret, a Seer, Sage, Saint, "Master" D , 2. (in brahmanic tradition) the ten
(divinely) inspired singers or composers of the Vedic hymns

isippavedita [isi+(p)pavedita], made known by the seer

isippavedita, 281

issariya, n. and mfn., 1. (n.) power, control, authority; royal power, kingship; pomp
Dhp 73; 2 . (mfn.) of authority; powerful;
issariya, 73
issuki(n), mf(~ or ~in)n., jealous, envious Dhp 262
issuk, 262

_U_
ukkuika, mfn. and m., 1. (i) (mfn.) squatting on one's heels; (ii) (m.) one who squats;
who practises the ascetic exercise of squatting; 2. (mfn.) arched (of a foot);
ukkuikappadhna, n. [ukkuika+(p)padhna], the squatting exercise; exertion in
(the ascetic practice of) squatting Dhp 141
padhna n. [fr. pa+dh, cp. padahati] exertion, energetic effort, striving,
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48

concentration of mind
ukkuikappadhna, 141
ukkhitta, mfn. [pp of ukkhipati], 1. lifted, picked up, raised; thrown up; tossed about,
blown away; 2. dismissed, suspended; 3. lifted up (robe);
ukkhittapaligha, mfn. [ukkhitta+paligha], "with cross-bar raised", with
obstacles removed;

paligha, 1. a cross-bar. 2. an obstacle, hindrance. mfn. (ifc) in two phrases:

okkhitta with cross-bars erected or put up, opp. ukkhitta with cross-bars (i. e.
obstacles) withdrawn or removed.

ukkhittapaligha, 398
ucca, mfn., high, lofty, tall; of high rank, elevated, noble; loud; vaca, mfn., high
and low; great and small; mixed, various Dhp 83;
noccvaca, 83
uccaya, m, accumulating; collection; heap Dhp 117.
uccayo, 117, 118
ucchindati, pr. 3 sg. [S. ucchinatti], cuts off, cuts out; extirpates, destroys Dhp 285.
ucchinda, 285
uju, ujju, mfn., going in a straight direction; straight, direct; upright; honest, right;
straightforward Dhp 33
uju, 33
ujjugata mfn., [ujju+gata], going in a straight direction; straight, direct; upright;
honest, right; straightforward.
ujjugatesu, 108
ujjhna, n., complaining, fault-finding; indignation; -sai(n), mfn., whose ideas
are (based on) complaining or faultfinding; conscious of cause for indignation Dhp 253.
ujjhnasaino, 253
ujjhati1, pr. 3 sg., abandons, leaves off; lets go, discharges; casts out, removes.
ujjhati2, pr. 3 sg. [for ujjhyati qv]
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49

ujjhita, mfn. [pp of ujjhati1], left, abandoned; cast out Dhp 58.
ujjhitasmi, 58
uhya,

absol. of uttihati qv.

uhna, n., 1. rising, getting up; arising, appearance; erection; exertion, effort Dhp
25; 2. produce, yield; revenue; 3. evacuation of the bowels;
uhnaklamhi, [uhna+klam] the right time for rousing oneself
uhnaklamhi, 280
uhnava(t), mfn., full of energy, exerting oneself Dhp 24
uhnavato, 24
uhnenappamdena [euphonic combination, uhnena appamdena]
uhnenappamdena, 25
uttama,

mfn., uppermost; highest; best; principal; most excellent; most important;

utmost; last Dhp 56.
uttama, 115, 189, 192, uttamo, 56, purisuttame, 78, sagmajuttamo,
103, sayatuttamo, 362
uttamattha, -aha, m. [uttama+attha2], 1. an important matter or possession; 2.
the supreme goal; the highest good Dhp 386.
uttamattha, 386, 403
uttamaporisa, m., (m.) a most excellent man; ([mfn.] of extreme audacity) Dhp 97.
uttamaporiso, 97
uttari,

uttarim (iic uttari-), ind., and uttari, mfn., 1. (ind.) further, beyond (+ abl);
more; in addition; most, exceedingly; 2. (mfn.) better, superior;
cuttaribhvaye, 370
uttihati,

pr. 3 sg., stands up, gets up; springs up, arises; comes forth, appears; rouses
oneself, is alert; escapes, moves away; recovers (from sickness); uttihati: Dhp 168;
part.pr. (a) uhaha(t), mfn.; neg. anuhaha(t), mfn., (b) uhahanta,
mf(~ant)n.; neg. anuhahanta, mfn.; (c) uhahamna, mfn.; neg.
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50

anuhahamna, mfn.; (d) neg. anuhahna, mfn., Dhp 280.

uttihe, 168, anuhahno, 280
uda1, the prefix and preverb ud.
uda2, ind., and, and also; or;
uda3, n. (usually only ifc and iic), water;
udakumbha, m. [uda3+kumbha2], a water-jar Dhp 121.
udakumbho, 121, 122
udabindu, n. {and m.), a drop of water.
udabindu, 336
udabindunipta, m. [udabindu+nipta], the falling of a drop of water Dhp 121.
nipta, m., 1.fall, falling; descent; settling 2. settling; ? or coming together 3.
letting fall; discharge, shooting; 4. (gr.t.t.) a particle (including adverbs, conjunctions
and interjections); 5. [BHS id.] a section of a book;
udabinduniptena, 121, 122
udaka, n., water Dhp 80
udaka, 80, 145
udaya, m. (and n.), 1. rising, rise; height; production, origin; 2. profit, advantage;
result; 3. the eastern mountain;
udayabbaya (and -vaya, -vyaya), m. [udaya+vaya], rise and fall; arising and
passing away Dhp 374.
udayabbaya, 113, 374
udreti, ~ayati, pr. 3 sg., causes to appear; rouses; raises one's voice; utters, speaks;
Dhp 408.
udraye, 408
uddisati, pr. 3 sg., 1. points to; points out, designates; specifies; assigns (to, gen.); looks
to, refers to (as a teacher); Dhp 353. 2. declares, recites; expounds; expounds briefly
or in general terms.
uddiseyya, 353
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51

uddhasota, mfn. (uddham+sota), whose stream flows upwards (to the Akanittha
heaven); Dhp 218.
uddhasoto, 218
uddharati, pr. 3 sg., draws out, pulls out, extracts; rescues; picks out, separates,
selects; cites; removes, puts away; digs up; pulls up, elevates, raises; Dhp 327.
uddharathattna, 327
unnala, unnaa, mfn., boisterous, insolent; uncontrolled Dhp 292.
unnalna, 292
upa,

ind., prefix to nouns and adjectives; preverb to verbs; preposition; 1. as prefix to

nouns and adjectives and in indeclinable cpds expresses: direction towards; nearness;
resemblance; subordination, inferiority; (according to cts) firmness, intensity; 2. as
preverb to verbs and their derivatives expresses: towards; near to; by the side of; 3. as
separate preposition with loc. expresses: above, superior to
upakahati, pr. 3 sg., draws towards; drags away to, drags near; Dhp 311.
nirayyupakahati, 311
upaga,

mfn. [ifc], going to, reaching; undergoing; being in or on; belonging to,
pertaining to; fit for; furnished with;
upaghtin, mfn. [upa+ghti(n)], hurting, injuring; (one) who kills; a murderer
parpaght, 184
upaccag, see upt g
upaccag, 315, 412, 417
upatiha(t), mfn., part.pr. of upatihati
upahita, mfn., pp of upatihati 1. (act.) come near, approached; arrived, present,
at hand; serving, attending; dedicated Dhp 235; 2. (pass.) served, attended;
upahit, 235
upatihati,

pr. 3 sg., stands near, stands by; places oneself by; presents oneself; is
present, appears; stands near in order to serve, serves, attends (+ acc,
occasionally+dat./gen.); tends; worships;
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52

upadahati (and upadheti), pr. 3 sg., places upon; lays down, imposes; gives in
addition, hands over; places under oneself, lies down upon; 2. having (something) placed
upon it; added to, supplied (with); upadahana, n. [from upadahati], laying upon,
imposing;
upanayhati, upanandhati, pr. 3 sg., 1. ties up, binds together; wraps, makes into a
bundle; 2. nurses a grudge; feels resentment (against, loc) Dhp 3.
upanayhanti, 3, 4
upanis,

f., 1. sitting near (a teacher) to listen, attention; secret knowledge; 2. cause,

basis; condition, prerequisite; 3. likeness;
lbhpanis, 75
upanta, mfn., led, drawn towards; brought to, offered; used; used up; initiated; alluded
to, cited;
upantavaya, mfn., with one's youth gone, advanced in age Dhp 237.
upantavayo, 237
upapajjati,

pr. 3 sg., 1. enters upon, enters (a state); appears; comes into existence (in);
is reborn (in) Dhp 307; 2. is fit for, is suitable;
upapajjati, 140, upapajjare, 307, ekepapajjanti, 126
upapatti, f., coming into existence, rebirth Dhp 419.
upapatti, 419
upama

mfn., "coming quite or nearly up to", i. e. like, similar, equal. Note. pama
metri causa see and cp. opamma & upam
upam f., comparison, similarity, likeness; object of comparison; simile;
exemplification; parable Dhp 129.
upama, 129, 130, aggisikhpamo, 308, kumbhpama, 40,
nagarpama, 40, phepama, 46, rjarathpama, 171
upasagga (and upassagga), m., 1. misfortune; trouble; Dhp 139; 2. (gr.t.t.) a
prefix, preverb; a preposition; 3.pouring upon; letting go; ?
upasagga, 139
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53

upasanta, pp. of upasammati mfn., calmed, pacified, at peace; calm, tranquil; ceased,
extinguished Dhp 201.
upasantassa, 96, upasanto, 201, 378
upasama,

m., the becoming quiet, alleviation, stopping; calmness, peace, tranquillity

Dhp 205.
upasamassa, 205, dukkhpasamagmina, 191, nekkhammpasame, 181,
vitakkupasame, 350, sakhrpasama, 368, 381
upasampad, f., 1. attainment Dhp 183; 2. full ordination, admission into the
sangha;
upasampad, 183
upasammati (and upasamati), pr. 3 sg., becomes calm or quiet; ceases; is allayed, is
extinguished Dhp 4.
upasammati, 100, 101, 102
upasevati,

pr. 3 sg., frequents, stays at; associates with, consorts with; makes use of
(frequently). part.pr. (a) upaseva(t) mfn., (b) upasevanta, mfn., (c) upasevamna, mfn.,
absol upasevitv, pass, part.pr. upaseviyamna, mfn.,
upasevi(n),

mfn., associating with, consorting with; attending; making use of;

upahata, pp. of upahanati mfn., harmed, injured, impaired; upset, spoiled; made
impure or ill disposed Dhp 134.
upahato, 134
updna,

n., 1. taking as one's own, laying hold of, grasping; 2. material support or
cause, fuel; (it is often difficult to determine which meaning is intended; both
reinforce each other: previous grasping produces fuel, which is itself then grasped);
upt g [upa+at g], go past, pass by; go beyond, escape from; overcome; aor. 3
sg. upaccag Dhp 412.
upeti, pr. 3 sg., approaches, comes or goes to, arrives at, reaches; enters into (a state),
undergoes; accepts, acknowledges; is fit for, is fitting, applies; fut. 3 sg. (a) upehiti;
(b) upessati; 2 sg. upehisi; 3pl. upessanti; part.pr. upenta, mfn.; aor. 3sg. upesi;
A I U E O K Kh

54

3pl. upesum; absol. (a) upecca; (b) upetv; (c) upetvna; (d) upetna; pp
upeta, mfn., 1. (act.) who has approached, reached; having accepted; 2. (pass.) (i)
reached, accepted; neg. anupeta, mfn.; (ii) accompanied by, furnished with,
possessed of; fpp upetabba, mfn..
upeti, 151, 306, 325, upeto, 10, 280 upenti, 342 upehisi, 238, 348
uppatati, pr. 3 sg., flies upwards; jumps up, leaps up; rises; pp uppatita, mfn.,
springing up; sprung into being, arisen;
uppatita, 222
uppala, n. and m., 1. {n.) [S. utpala], the blue lotus (Nymphaea caerulea); any lotus;
uppala, 55
uppda1, see sv uppta.
uppda2, m., coming into being, appearance; production;
uppdo, 182, 194
ubbhata, mfn., lifted up; taken out; removed;
ubbhato, 34
ubbhijja, absol. of ubbhindati qv.
ubbhijja, 340
ubbhindati, pr. 3 sg., breaks through (trans.); breaks through, bursts through
(intrans.); springs up; absol. (a) ubbhijja, Dhp 340
ubhaya,

mfn. and n. 1. (mfn.) pl.: both; sg.: of both kinds; two-fold; 2. (n.) both
(things); the pair; two things; acc. ~i, adv., also, as well (usually following ca,) Dhp
404
cbhaya, 404
ubhayattha, ind., in both places; in both respects Dhp 15
ubhayattha, 15, 16, 17, 18
ubho, mfn. pl. (nom./acc. m.f.n. ubho; instr./abl. ubhohi [and ubhobhi]; dat./gen.
ubhinnam; loc. ubhosu) both
ubho, 74, 256, 269, 306, 412
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55

uyyujati, pr. 3 sg. [S. ud yuj], goes away; makes efforts, is active;
uyyujanti, 91
uyyoga, m., preparation; setting out (on a journey or expedition); departure;
uyyogamukha, m. [uyyoga+mukha], the threshold of departure, the point of
setting-out;
uyyogamukhe, 235
usabha, m.n., 1. (m.) (i) a bull; a leader, the best or most excellent (of a group) Dhp
422 (ii) a kind of medicinal plant; (iii) the second of the seven musical notes of the
gamut; 2. (n.) a measure of length (= 20 yatthi);
usabha, 422
usra (m. & n.) the fragrant root of Andropogon Muricatum (cp. braa) Dhp 337
usrattha [usra+attha] concerned with a fragrant root
usrattho, 337
usukra, m. [usu+kra1], an arrowmaker, a fletcher Dhp 80;
usukr, 80, 145 usukro, 33
ussuka,

mfn., busy, zealously active; striving, eager (for); repining (for);

ussukesu, 199, anussuk, 199

_E_
eka, num. and mfn., (sg. nom. m. eko, f. ek, n. eka; acc. m.f.n. eka; instr. m.n.
ekena, f. ekiss, ekya; abl. m.n. ekasm, ekamh; dat./gen. m.n. ekassa, f. ekiss;
loc. m.n. ekasmi, ekamhi, f. ekiss, ekissam, ekya; pl. nom. m. eke, f. ek, n.
ekni; dat./gen. m. ekesa; loc. m.n. ekesu; one.) 1. (i) one; only one; a single; one of
two or many; (ii) one only, one and the same; (iii) (indefinite:) one, a certain; a, an;
2. alone; solitary; 3. one and only, unique; pre-eminent; 4. all one; nothing but;
5. (pl) some; some people; some authorities; iic: one..., a...; a single...; sole..., chief...;
nothing but..., complete ...; the same ..., one and the same...
eka, 100, 101, 102, 176, 395, eka, 103, 106, 107, ekassa, 330, eko, 305,
329, 330, 362
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56

ekaghana, mfn. [eka+ghana], being a single mass; quite solid Dhp 81

ekaghano, 81
ekacara, mfn. [eka+cara], going about or living alone; solitary; Dhp 37
ekacara, 37
ekacariya, f. [eka+cariya], going about or living alone, solitariness; a solitary life;
Dhp 61
ekacariya, 61
ekanta, m. and mfn. [eka+anta], 1. (m.) (i) one part; (ii) one and the same aim or end,
the only aim or end; invariability; absoluteness, exclusiveness; devotion to one object;
acc. ~a, adv., solely; exclusively; absolutely; wholly; invariably; instr. ~ena, adv.,
id.; ~ato, adv., id.; 2. (mfn.) (i) devoted to one object; on one side; (ii) absolute;
invariable;
ekanta, 228
ekarajja, n. [eka+rajja], sole sovereignty
rajja, n. [fr. rj] kingship, royalty, kingdom, empire; reign, throne; (fig.) sovereignty
ekarajjena, 178
ekaseyya, n., ~, f. [eka+seyya] , lying or sleeping alone; being alone; a solitary
lodging; a single lodging;
ekaseyya, 305
eksana,

n. [eka+sana], 1. sitting alone; being alone, being separate Dhp 305; 2.

one seat, a single seat; the same seat; 3. one sitting; one period of sitting
eksana, 305
ekha, [euphonic combination, eka aha], one day
ekha, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115
ekepapajjanti, [euphonic combination, eke upapajjanti]
ekepapajjanti, 126
eta(d),

demonstr. pronoun, (sg. nom. m. eso, esa1, f. es1, n. eta, etad; acc. m.f.
eta, n. etam, etad; instr. m.n. etena, f. etya; abl. m.n. etasm, etamh; dat./gen.
A I U E O K Kh

57

m.n. etassa, f. etiss; loc. m.n. etasmi, etamhi; pl. nom./acc. m. ete, f. et, n.
etni; instr. m.n. etehi, f. ethi; abl. f. ethi; dat./gen. m.n. etesa, f. etsa; loc.
m.n. etesu, f. etsu; iic eta-, etam-, etad-), this (referring to what is nearest in
space or in thought; or to what immediately precedes or follows); often pointing out
someone or something: here is ..., there is
eta, 22, 75, 183, 185, 192, 203, 227, 243, 274, 275, 282, 346, etam, 289, 346,
347, es, 335, ete, 281, etesa, 55,
etarahi,

ind., now; at this time; nowadays, at the present time; esp. (a) in relation to
the past and/or the future; (b) parallel (in direct speech) to tena kho pana
samayena (+ historic present).
eti1,

ayati (and iti2), pr. 3 sg. [S. Vi, eti], goes; goes towards; reaches, obtains; reaches
(a state); is involved (in); fut. 3 sg. (a) essati', Dhp 369; parahatthamessati); (b)
issati2; 2 sg. ehisi1, Dhp 236; 3 pl essanti, issanti, Dhp 86; part.pr. enta1, mfn.;
inf. (a) etase or etave; (b) etu; pp (a) ita, mfn., gone; pp (b) ayita, mfn., gone;
fpp (a) etabba, mfn., (b) ayitabba, mfn..
eti2, pr. 3 sg., comes, comes to; approaches; comes back, returns. imperat. ehi and
etha are used especially as introductory particles of exhortation, encouragement or
summons (followed usually by an imperat. or fut.): come! come on ! Dhp 171
eti, 54, 108, etha, 171, 344
etehi, m.n., inst./abl., pl. of demonstrative pronoun, eta(d) qv.
etehi, 224, 323
ettha,

ind., here; there; (functioning as loc. of eta[d]) in this, in these; in regard to this
or these; in this respect; in this case, in that case; in these circumstances;
ettha, 6 tanukettha, 174
edhati, pr. 3 sg., 1. prospers, grows strong; becomes happy; 2.finds; obtains;
edhati, 193
ena, mfn., pron., acc. sg. enam, 1. him, her, it (referring to someone or something
already mentioned); this, that; this one; 2. adv., here; thus; then;
ena, 313
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58

eva1

ind., (after and vowels usually taking the form yeva qv; after also taking the
form eva; after long vowels also taking the form va2 qv) a particle emphasising the
word it follows; 1. that very..., the same ...; exactly that...; just ... Dhp 344; 2. only,
merely, just; 3. indeed, really; certainly; absolutely; even, still; 4. eva is especially
common in combination with other particles, eg: c'eva... ca ..., both ... and ...; n'
eva... na..., n'eva... no..., neither ... nor ...; tath' eva, just so, exactly kocid eva
etc, someone or other; some or other; with other particles eva seems to add little to
the sense, and is untranslatable; 5. eva iic sometimes has the sense of eva qv; see
also iva2.
eva2 [ = ~iva < ~i+iva1 qv], like, as; as it were;
eva, 72, 125, 137, 158, 206, 240, 285, 289, 338, 344, 390, amitteneva, 66,
207, alpneva, 149, idheva, 247, 402, kahakasseva, 164,
jambonadasseva, 230, nibbnasseva, 32, tattheva, 303, teneva, 177,
mameva, 74, rajatasseva, 239, heva, 47, 48, yeva, 48, 106, 107
eva,

ind., so; in this way; in such a way; like this; 1. referring to what precedes; 2.
referring to what follows; 3. expressing assent; 4. introducing the second part of a
comparison (often as evam eva or evam eva);
eva, 13, 14, 49, 51, 52, 53, 59, 81, 82, 135, 170, 240, 248, 315, 377, evam,
75, 338
evarpa (1) such, like that. (2) of such form, beauty or virtue.
evnukantati [eva+anukantati] pr. 3.sg. cuts; really cuts
evnukantati, 311
evnudhvati [eva+anudhvati] pr. 3 sg., [certainly] runs after, follows; chases; runs
along Dhp 85
anudhvati, pr. 3 sg., runs after, follows; chases; runs along Dhp 85
evnudhvati, 85
esa1, [eta(d)]. esa2, mfn., seeking, searching for;
esa, 5, 134, 277, 278, 279, 349, 350 es, 335 eso, 247, 274
esacchecchati = es checchati
checchati, fut. 3 sg. of chindati 1. cuts; chops; cuts off; cuts out; inscribes; 2. cuts
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down, destroys; cuts out, removes;

esacchecchati, 350
esna, mfn., part.pr. of esati
esati, pr. 3 sg., seeks, seeks to obtain; searches for; probes.
esno, 131, 132
esi(n),

mfn., seeking, looking for;

essati1 fut.3 sg. of eti

essati, 369 essanti, 37, 86
ehisi1 fut. 2 sg. of eti
ehisi, 236, 369

_O_
oka1

, m.n., house, home; resort, refuge; oka2 , m.n., water; oka-m-okata, ind.,
from its home, the water; from a watery home Dhp 34
oka, 91, okata, 34, okam, 34, 91, ok, 87, anoka, 87, anokasri, 404
ogha

1. (rare in the old texts) a flood of water; 2. (always in sg.) the flood of
ignorance and vain desires which sweep a man down, away from the security of
emancipation.
ogho, 25
oghatia [ogha+tia], 1. (act.) who has crossed the flood; who has eseaped from
the flood; 2. (pass.) crossed the flood;
oghatio, 370
otata,

mfn. [pp of *o2 + tanoti], overspread; covered Dhp 162

slamivotata, 162

onaddha, mfn., pp of onayhati, covered; having something stretched over

onaddh, 146

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opunti, pr. 3 sg. [o2 or o3 + punti], exposes to the wind, winnows; makes clean or
clear;
opunti, 252
ovadati {and ovadeti), pr. 3 sg., instructs; admonishes; counsels;
ovadeyynusseyya [euphonic combination ovadeyya anusseyya]
ovadeyynusseyya, 77
ohri(n), mfn., carrying down; dragging down; carrying off, plundering Dhp 346
ohrina, 346
ohita1, mfn. [pp of odahati], 1. placed in; confined (in); applied, directed Dhp 150 2.
laid down;
ohita2, mfn. [pp of oharati], taken away, removed;
ohito, 150

_K_
ka1 m., the sound ' k ' ; the consonant 'k';
ka2 1. a suffix added to nouns, pronouns or adjectives, usually not affecting the
meaning, but sometimes forming adjectives or diminutives or expressing contempt; 2.
a suffix added to numerals to express a group;
ka3

mf. and ki, n., interrog. pronoun and adjective, (sg. nom. m. ko3, ke, f. k, n. ki;
acc. m.f. ka, n. ki; instr. m.n. kena, f. kya; abl. m.n. kasm, kism, f. kass;
dat./gen. m.n. kassa, n. kissa, f. kass, kiss; loc. m.n. kasmi, kamhi, kismi,
kimhi; pl. nom./acc. m. ke, f. k, kyo, n. kni; instr./abl. m.n. kehi; dat./gen. m.n.
kesa; loc. m.n. kesu, f. ksu); iic kim-, occasionally ko-; ko and ke are
occasionally written as kv (or kuv,) and ky respectively before a following initial vowel,
which may be lengthened; ki is occasionally written as ki, or as ky before a following
initial vowel, which is usually lengthened; who ? what ? which ... ? (frequently
followed by particles, esp. by nu, nu kho, (s)su, ssa); who are you who...?; sometimes
expressing indignation: who does he think he is to ... ? who are you to... ?; ka followed
by ca (or pi) and preceded by ya.: whoever, whatever; whichever ...; ka followed by ci
[koci1] (or, before eva, cid,), and sometimes preceded by ya (sg. acc. m. kaci and
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61

kici): whoever, whatever, whichever...; anyone whatsoever; anyone, anything; some...;

any...; esp. m.pl. keci, some people; some authorities; some commentators (who give
a different reading or interpretation); ka+ci repeated: of whatever kind; of some kind
or other; ka+cana (sg. acc. m. kacana), someone; anyone; pl. nom. m. kecana,
some people; some authorities; forms used adverbially: ki (very often
strengthened by nu, nu kho, (s)su, ssa), 1. interrogative particle; 2. why ? how ?;
3. (expressing indignation or impatience) what! is he... ? how is it that... ?; 4. (+ instr.)
what is the use of..., away with ..., no more of ki is often followed by other
particles [see in Cone I kim u, kica, ki carahi, kicpi, kici etc.]
ka4, m. (nom. ko4), a name of Brahma;
ka5, m.(nom. ko5), wind;
ka6, m. (nom. ko6), the body
ka7, n., water;
ka8, n., happiness; pleasure;
ka9, n., the head;
kam, 353, ki, 264, 394, kuhici, 180, kena, 179, 180, kenaci, 196
kasa, 1. bronze; magnified by late commentators occasionally into silver or gold; 2.
a bronze gong Dhp 134 . 3. a bronze dish 4. a "bronze," i. e. a bronze coin worth 4
kahpaas. "Golden bronze" in a fairy tale at Vv 54 is explained by Dhammapla VvA
36 as "bells." It is doubtful whether brass was known in the Ganges valley when the
earlier books were composed; but kasa may have meant metal as opposed to
earthenware.
kaso, 134
kakh,

f. mfn., 1. doubt, uncertainty 2. (mfn.) doubting, doubtful, in akankha one

who has overcome all doubt, one who possesses right knowledge 3. expectation
avitiakakha, 141
kaci sg.acc.m., of ka3+ci, whoever, whatever, whichever...; anyone whatsoever;
anyone, anything; some...; any...;
kaci, 133, 408

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kauka, mfn. and n., (mfn.) sharp, disagreeable; (of taste) pungent, acrid (as
peppers or ginger); (of words) bitter, caustic; (of pain etc) severe, keen, keenly
distressing; (n.) a bitter thing, a distressing thing; -pabhedana, mfn.,
exuding pungent juice from its temples Dhp 324
kaukappabhedano, 324
kaukapphala, n. [kauka + phala], bitter fruit
kaukapphala, 66
kahakasseva, 164
kaha, 87
kaha,

m., the throat; the neck; the voice

kata,

mfn. and n., pp of karoti qv., 1 .(i) made, done; worked, fashioned, manufactured,
treated; performed, carried out; placed; what is done, what has been done; (ii) acted
upon or against; 2. (n.) doing; action; making; service done, benefit; kata+instr.,
done with ...; (there is) enough; (there is now) no need of; kate+gen. or ifc, on account
of, for the sake of;
kata, 74, 314 kata, 67, 68, 71, 150, 161, 165, 173 kata, 314 katan, 17, 18,
katni, 50
katakicca, [kata+kicca],having performed his obligations, perfected, Ep. of an
Arahant, usually in combn with ansava. Dh 386;
katakicca, 386
katapua = [kata+pua], one who has done good deeds, a good man; Dh 16, 18, 220;
katapuam, 220 katapuo, 16, 18
katkata, [kata+akata] mfn. and n., (what is) done and not done; (what has been)
done and (what) not (yet) done; manufactured and not manufactured
katkata, 50
kath1,

f., talking, talk, conversation; discussion; a talk, discourse; an account, a story;

kath , ind., how?
2

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kattabba, mfn., fpp of karoti qv.

kattabba, 53
katv, absol. of karoti
katv, 67, 68, 129, 130, 306, 314
kadariya, mfn. and n., 1. (mfn.) (i) mean, miserly; (ii) bad, unpleasant; 2. (n.)
meanness, miserliness;
kadariya, 223
kadariy, 177
kandati, pr. 3 sg., calls out; cries, laments; aor. 2 sg. kandi, Dhp 371 (ma -i)
kandi, 371
kabala, kabaa, m.n., a lump of food; a mouthful Dhp 324
kabala, 324
kamma

n., 1. what is done, what one does; deed, act, action; (i) work, occupation;
activity, performance; (ii) act, deed, action or actions of moral import (producing for
the agent an inevitable result or consequence in the same or another life; the action
appears to exist in some sense until the effect is completed); 2. an official act of the
sangha (ie an action or ceremony agreed on and ratified by a properly constituted
group of bhikkhus; 3. the act of making or doing; 4. (gr.t.t.) (i) the patient kraka
or relationship; the patient (ie the object of an active verb, the subject of a passive
verb); (ii) virtually = the passive voice;
kamma, 15, 96, 217 kamma, 66, 67, 68, 71, 173, 312 kammni, 136
kammehi, 136, 307
kammakiliha [kamma+kiliha] n. and mfn., 1. (n.) dirty work; a defiled action;
immoral activity. 2. (mfn.) of defiled action; immoral
kiliha, mfn & n., 1 (mfn.) afflicted; injured; stained, dirty; morally stained,
defiled; ~a, adv., in a drfiled way; 2. (mfn.) not easily intelligible; contradictory;
3. (n.) the being dirty.
kammakiliham, 15
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64

kammapatha [kamma+patha], m. , action, activity; way of acting; course of action;

kammapathe, 281

kammavisuddhim [kamma+visuddhim]
kammavisuddhim, 16
kammra, m., a smith; a metal-worker;
kammro, 239
kayirati1, see sv karoti. pr. 3 sg. does, makes; acts; performs; acts for the advantage or
injury of another; (esp. absol.) puts, places; kayirati2, pass. pr. 3 sg. of karoti is done,
is made; is acted, is performed
kayirati, 292
kayir, opt. 2 sg., 3 sg., of karoti
kayir, 42, 43, 53, 61, 105, 117, 118, 159, 281, 330, kayira, 313
kayirtha, opt. 3 sg., 2 pl, of karoti
kayirtha, 25, 117, 118, 211
kayirtheta [kayirtha+eta]
kayirtha, opt., 3 sg. or 2 pl., of karoti
eta, demonstrative pronoun m./f./n.acc. or n.nom., this
kayirtheta, 118
kayirthena [kayirtha+ena]
kayirtha, opt. 2 sg., 3 sg., of karoti
ena, demonstrative pronoun m./f./n.acc. or n.nom, this
kayirthena, 313
kara1, mf(usually ~)n. and m., 1. (mfn.) doing, making, producing; 2. (m.)(i) the act
of doing or making; (ii) the hand; the trunk of an elephant; kara2, m., 1.a ray of light;
2. revenue, tax; a collection

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65

kara 1. (mfn.) ( ~) producing, causing, forming, making, doing, e. g. anta putting an

end to; pabha causing splendour; ppa doing evil; div & divasa the day-maker, i.
e. the sun; kahabhva causing a "black" existence (of ppakamma); padasandhi
forming a hiatus; vacana, etc. 2. (m) "the maker," i. e. the hand.
kara, 136 kare, 42, 43, paramadukkara, 163
karaa

1. mf(~)n., (ifc.) doing, making, causing, producing; 2. (n.) (ifc.) the making,
producing of; the doing, performance of (=kamma); 3. (absol.) (a) the doing up,
preparing, (b) the doing, performance of; 4. (ifc.) state, condition;
karoti,

kubbati1, kurute (and kayirati1), does, makes; acts; performs; acts for the
advantage or injury of another; (esp. absol.) puts, places; kla karoti, dies;
rajja karoti (and similar expressions, for the more usual kreti; often, but not
always, mc), wields sovereignty; occupies the position of king;
pr. 3 sg., (a) karoti: imperat. 3 sg. karotu; 2 sg. (a) karohi; (b)karassu; 3 pl.
karontu; 2 pl. karotha; 1 pl. (a) karoma; (b) karomase; fut. 3 sg. (a) karissati,
(b)khati, khiti, (c) ksati; 2 sg. (a) karissasi, (b) khasi, khisi; 1 sg. (a)
karissmi, (b) karissa, (c) kassmi, (d) kassa, ksa, (e)khmi; 3 pl. (a)
karissanti; (b) karissare; (c) khanti, khinti; 2 pl. khatha; 1 pl. (a) karissma;
(b) kassma, (c) khma, opt. 3 sg. (a) kareyya; (b) kare; (c) kayir (and kayira);
(d) kayirtha; (e) kariy; (f) kuriy; (g) kuyir; 2 sg. (a) kareyysi; (b) kare; (c)
kayir; (d) kayirsi; 1 sg. (a) kareyya; (b) kareyymi; 3 pl. (a) kareyyum; (b)
kare; (c)kayirum; 2 pl. (a) kareyytha; (b) kayirtha 1 pl. kareyyma; part.pr. (a)
kara(t), mfn. (sg. gen. karoto, karato), (b)karonta, mf (~ont) n.; neg. akaronta,
mfn.; (c) karna, mfn.; part.fut. karissa(t), mfn.; aor. 3 sg. (a) ak, (b) akara;
(c) akar; (d) akar;
kar; (e) akarittha; (f) aksi; 2 sg. (a) ak; (b) akara, akar, (c)
akar,
kar;
(d) aksi; 1 sg. (a) aka; (b)akara; (c) akari, kari; (d) aksi; 3
pl. (a) akasu; (b) akaru, karu; (c) akarisu; 2 pl. (a) akattha; (b) karittha
(akarittha); 1 pl. (a) akamha; (b) akarma; (c) akaramha; (d) akaramhase; (e)
akarimha; karimh;
(f) aksimha; cond. 3 sg. akarissa (and akariss),
pr. 3 sg. (b) kubbati (and krubbati); opt. 3 sg. (a) kubbetha; (b) kubbaye;
part.pr. (a) kubba(t) (and krubba[t]), mfn.; neg. akubba(t), mfn., (b) kubbanta,
mfn.; (c) kubbamna, mfn.; neg. akubbamna, mfn.; (d) kubbna, mfn. aor. 3 sg.
akubbatha, akrubbatha;
A I U E O K Kh

66

 pr. 3 sg. (c) kurute; imperat. 3 sg. (a) kurutu; (b) kuruta; 2 sg. kuru;
part.pr. (a) pl. gen. kuruta; (b) kurumna, mfn.; neg. akurumna, mfn.;
pr. 3 sg. (d) kayirati1, inf. (a) ktu; (b)ktave; (c)kattu {iic kattu3)
absol. (a) katv; (b) katt {and kattam?), (c) katvna, (d) ktna; (e)
karitv; neg. akaritv; (f) karitvna; (g) kariya; (h) kacca; (i)(amul) kra;
(j)(amul) kraka;
karyate, kariyyati, kariyyate, part.pr.
pass. (a) pr. 3 sg. karyati,

karyamna,
mfn.; neg. akaryamna,
mfn., (b) pr. 3 sg. kayirati2; part.pr.
kayiramna, mfn.; neg. akayiramna, mfn.; (c) pr. 3 sg. krati; fut. 3 sg. krihiti;
pass, (d) part.pr. kiramna, mfn., pass. (e) pr. 3 sg. kayyati, kayyate;
karissati, 376 karissatha, 275 karoti, 1, 2, 33, 162, 349 karont, 66
karom, 306 karohi, 236, 238 kurute, 48, 217 karoto, 116
kal, f., 1. a small part of anything, esp. a sixteenth part (in cts often explained as at
least the sixteenth part of a sixteenth part);
kala, 70
kali, kal, m. (and mfn.?) 1. (m.) the losing number of dice (a number with a
remainder of one when divided by four, see H. Lders, 1907); the die causing one to lose,
the extra die, the losing die; bad luck; defeat, disaster Dhp 252 2. (m.), strife, discord;
anger; iic see below; 3. (mfn.) being the worst (of a class); bringing bad luck
kali, 202, kali, 252
kalingara, kaingara, m.n., 1. straw; chaff; 2. a block or piece of wood; a
chopping-block; an executioner's block;
kaligara, 41
kalyna, mf(~ and ~)n. and n. ] 1. (mfn.) fine, excellent; good; virtuous; beautiful
Dhp 375; 2. (n.) what is good, excellent; virtuous action; excellent conduct;
excellence; beauty Dhp 116
kalye, 78, 116, 376
kasniviho [kas+niviho] alert to the whip
kasniviho, 144

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kas, f., a whip;

kasm, 143
kasva,

m.n. and mfn. 1. (m.n.) (i) the astringent flavour or taste (one of the six rasas);
(ii) an astringent substance; an astringent decoction (from plants); an exudation or
gum; (iii) a yellowish-red colour; a dye of this colour; ? (or to (ii), an astringent
decoction used as a dye; ?); 2. (m.) a stain, impurity; a defect; degeneracy;
vantakasvassa, 10
kahpana, m.n., a certain coin (made of various metals); money;
kahpaavassa [kahpaa+vassa] rain of money
kahpaavassena, 186
k3, f. of ka3 qv.
k, 149
kka [onomat.] the crow; In cpds. often used derisively. ~sra m., a
'crow-hero', one bold and impudent as a crow Dhp 244.
kkasrena, 244
kpotaka, mf(-ik)n., connected with a pigeon; 1. of the colour of a pigeon, dull white,
grey Dhp 149; 2. (according to cf) of the colour of a pigeon's foot, red;? (the name of
an intoxicating drink);
kpotakni, 149
kma, m.n., 1. (m.) (i) wish, desire; love; longing; (ii) desire personified; the god of
love (sometimes identified with Mra); 2. (m.n.) pleasure of the senses, sensual
enjoyment; esp. sexual pleasure; the objects of pleasure, what gives pleasure to the
senses Dhp 48.
kmato, 215, km, 186, kme, 88, 383, 415, kmesu, 48, 186, 187, 218, 401
kmakm ind., out of a desire for pleasures of the senses Dhp 83.
kmakm, 83
kmagavesi(n) [kma+gavesi(n)], mfn., seeking pleasures of the senses Dhp 99.
kmagavesino, 99
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68

kmagua, m., 1. desire, passion; 2. (usually kmagun, m.pl [and ~ni, n.pl]),
the strand(s) of (what furnishes) sensual pleasure, the subdivisions or classes of the
objects of pleasure;
kmague, 371
kmabhava, m., 1. existence in a kmaloka qv; existence subject to sensual
experience and desire [is] exhausted
kmabhavaparikkha [kma+bhava+parikkha] existence subject to sensual
experience and desire [is] exhausted
kmabhavaparikkha, 415
kmarati, f., 1. delight in pleasures of the senses, esp. in sexual pleasures; sensual
enjoyment; 2. desire which is sexual longing, sexual desire;
kmaratisanthava [kma+rati+santhava] intimacy with sexual pleasures
kmaratisanthava, 27
kmasukha n., sensual pleasure
kmasukha, 346
kya,

m., 1. the body, the physical body; sometimes the material form (of a particular
existence) as opposed to the mental faculties, sometimes the assemblage of all five
khandhas Dhp 41; the body is (i) the experiencer of sensation and feeling, either (a)
generally (physically and/or mentally); or (b) specifically, as one of the organs of sense
or perception; (ii) the performer of action; 2. the main part of the body, the trunk;
the trunk of a tree; 3. a collection, assemblage, group; totality, mass;
kyam, 40, 46, kyassa, 140, kyena, 225, 231, 234, 259, 281, 361, 391, kyo,
41
kyagata, [kya+gata] mfn., relating to the body; directed on the body; always
combined with sati in the same sense as anupassi(n)
kyagat, 293, 299

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kyaduccarita, [kya+duccarita], misconduct by the body, evil deeds done through

the instrumentality of the body
kyaduccarita, 231
kyappakopa, m. [kya+pakopa], physical tumult, rage, fury Dhp 231. [PTS:
kyapakopa = blameworthy conduct, misbehaviour]
kyappakopa, 231
kri(n),

mfn., doing; making; producing; who is a maker or doer;

kla1,

m., time; 1. (i) a fixed point of time; a period of time; time of day; time of year;
time (as past, present or future); (gr.t.t.) grammatical time, the time of the action of a
verb; tense; (ii) a particular time; an appointed time; esp. the time for a meal
(morning and evening, or, for bhikkhuy, morning); the morning; 2. the proper time
for (gen., dat., inf., or yam+opt.); the right time; instr. ~ena, at the right time; at a
suitable time; in good time; in the morning; klena klena..., at one time... at
another time...; gen. ~assa, in good time; early in the morning; klato, in good
time; loc. ~e , at the right time; at a suitable time (often: in the morning); in due
course; 3. time as lifetime; time as destroyer; death; pacchimo klo, the last
moment, the time of dying; the final time;
klutthyi(n), mfn., rising in good time; rousing oneself at the right time;
klutthita, mfn., risen (from bed) in good time; rousing oneself early; roused at the
right time;
ka {and kla2), mf(~ and ~)n., m- and n., 1. (mfn.) black; dark; 2.(m.) the dark half
of the month, the dark fortnight (when the moon is on the wane);
kla3, m. [= kra qv], acting; act;
uhnaklamhi, 280
ksva,

m. n. [= ksya qv], a yellowish-red cloth or robe (the dress of those outside

society, esp. ascetics Dhp 9.
ksva, 9 ksvam, 9, 10
ksvakaha [ksva+kaha], mfn., having a yellowish-red throat, ie wearing a
yellowish-red robe or cloth Dhp 307.
ksvakah, 307
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70

khati, khiti, fut. 3 sg. of karoti qv.

khasi, 154
ki, see sv ka3
ki, 264, 394
kicca,

mfn., n. and m. [fpp of karoti qv.], 1. (mfn. and n.) (what is) to be done or made;
business, affair; duty, service; purpose, need; something to be done, that must be done;
job, task; 2. (n.) = kiccdhikarana; a legal case or matter to be dealt with involving
or connected with a formal act (of the sangha,); 3. (m.) (gr.t.t.) a class of affixes
forming the future passive participle;
kicca, 276, 292 kicce, 293 kicckiccesu, 74
kiccha, mfn. and n., 1. (mfn.) (i) causing trouble or pain; attended with pain or labour;
obtained with difficulty Dhp 182
kiccha, 182, kiccho, 182
kicana1,

n. (and m.) [formally ki+cana; but usually nom./acc. kicanam (also nom.
kicano)], something; anything; (as abstracted from akicana qv below, interpreted as)
an impediment or defilement; akicana, mfn., who or which has nothing; without
possessions, poor; without responsibilities; (according to cts) without impediments,
without defilements Dhp 421.
kicana2, kicana, adv. [cfS. kicana], at all, in any way;
kicana3, n. [from kicati], crushing;
kicana, 200, 421
kici,

n. nom./acc. of ka+ci
kici, 108, 312

kitava, kitava(t), m., a dice-player, a gambler; a cheat; (according to cts: a

birdcatcher who deceives the birds by covering himself with branches etc, or his
deception, camouflage) Dhp 252.
kitav, 252
ki, n. nom./acc. of ka
kim, 146
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71

kira, ind., indeed, truly; really; so they say; as I have heard; so it seems,
apparently (very often at the beginning of a narrative) Dhp 159.
kira, 159
kilisati, kilisnti, kilissati1 , pr. 3 sg., troubles, afflicts, molests; spoils;

kilissati2 (and klissati), 1. is troubled, is afflicted; feels pain; 2. is or becomes dirty or

stained; is morally stained;
kilisseyya, 158
kisa, mfn., 1. lean; thin, emaciated; 2. little, insignificant;

kisa, 395
kismici, 74
ku

(kud- and kum-) 3rd stem of interrog. pron. ka where? when? whither? whence? As
adv. in cpds. in disparaging sense of "what of"? i. e. nothing of, bad, wrong, little; Kuto
where from? whence? Dhp 62; kuto bhaya whence i. e. why fear? Dhp 212
kujjhati, pr. 3 sg., is angry, becomes angry (with, usually gen./dat; on account of,
usually loc) Dhp 224.
kujjheyya, 224
kujara, m., 1. an elephant; 2. anything pre-eminent in its kind, the best of;
kujar, 322, kujaro, 324, 327
kuala1, n. (and m.), an ear-ring; a ring, a coil;
maikualesu, 345
kuto, from ku
kuto, 62, 212, 213, 214, 215, 216
kud, ind. when ?; kudcana, at any time; ever Dhp 5, Dhp 210.
kudcana, 5, 210
kubbna, mfn., part. pr. of karoti qv.
kubbna, 217
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kumuda, n. and mfn. 1. (i) (n.) a waterlily, esp. the night-blossoming white water-lily
(Nymphaea alba or Nymphaea pubescens) Dhp 285; (ii) (mfn.) white like the
water-lily; 2. (i) (n.) one of the high numerals; (ii) (m[fn].) the name of a hell or
place in Avici (where one suffers for a kumuda of years);
kumuda, 285
kumbha2, m. (and n.), 1. a jar, pitcher; a waterpot; 2. an urn (for the bones of the
dead); 3. the frontal globe on the forehead of an elephant; 4. a measure (of grain); a
potful; ?
kumbhpama [kumbha+upama] like a pot
kumbhpama, 40
kurute, 3rd sing. of karoti
kurute, 48, 217
kula, n., herd, assemblage; community, class, lineage; family, household; family
residence; good family, a noble or eminent family Dhp 193
kula, 193
kla,

n., a shore, a bank; edge (of a well);

kusa1, m., 1., a kind of grass (with long pointed stalks, used at brahmanical religious
ceremonies) Dhp 311. 2., a piece of wood (or grass!) used as an identifying mark;
kusa2, n., water;
kusa3, m., a vice; a bad quality;
kusa4, n., knowledge;
kusa5, mfn., owning poor property; poor;
kuso, 311
kusagga, n. [kusa+agga1], the point of a blade of kusa grass;
kusaggena, 70
kusala,

mfn. and n., 1.(i) (mfn.) good; right, proper; meritorious; conducing to
well-being; good, acting rightly; esp. kusal dhamm, right practices or actions;
good conduct; virtues; factors conducing to well-being; acc. kusala, adv., well; in a
proper way; (ii) (n.) what is good; what leads to well-being; right or proper action or
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behaviour; virtue Dhp 183; 2. (mfn.) good at; competent, clever; skilful, skilled,
expert; knowledgeable (about), conversant (with, gen. or loc); 3. (n.) welfare;
well-being;
kusala, 53 kusalassa, 183 kusalena, 173 kusalo, 44, 45, akusala, 281,
crakusalo, 376
kusita, mfn. , lazy, slothful; not conscientious Dhp 112.
kusta, 7 kusto, 112, 280
kuhici, 180
kena, 179, 180
kenaci, 196
ko1-6, nom. sg. of ka1-6 qqv.
ko7, ind., where ? in what ?; ko ci (or, ko cid) [= koci2]: somewhere; anywhere; in
some place; na koci, nowhere; by no means; ko ca (noun) ... ko (ca) (noun) ..., (i)
how great a difference there is between A and B?; how far is A from B ?; what is the
difference between A and B?; (ii) in the same construction, with two nouns, ko is
taken as from ka3, and made to agree with its noun; (iii) ko ca (noun) ... ko (verb) (an
extension of (i) and (ii), where the verb substitutes for a noun, influenced by the sense
of ka3 as: who am I to, who is competent to... ?); how far is one from being able to...; how
unworthy is one to...; how different is A from him who ...;
ko, 44, 146, 160, 230
koci1, kci, kici, see sv ka3.
koci2, see sv ko7
koci, 143, 179
Koca1, m., the heron, jia an old heron Dhp 155.
kodha, m. , anger Dhp 222;
kodha, 221, 222, 223

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kovida,

mfn., experienced, learned; knowing thoroughly; learned in, knowledgeable

about (gen., loc. or ifc);
kovida, 403, niruttipadakovido, 352

kosa1, m.n., 1. a treasury, a storehouse; treasure, accumulated wealth.

kosajja, n. [kosa+(j)ja], sloth; indolence Dhp 241.
kosajja, 241

_Kh_

khatt [khaa+att] mfn., having missed the opportunity; who has let the right
moment pass Dhp 315.
khatt, 315
khaa1, m. (and n. ?), 1. a moment; an instant; instr. khaena, in a moment, in an
instant; loc. khae, in a moment; immediately; khae khae, every moment; at
various moments Dhp 239; 2. a leisure moment; leisure; 3. a fit or suitable
moment; an opportunity; esp. the right moment to be born as a man, birth in favourable
circumstances (when one can take advantage of a Buddha being in the world) Dhp 315.
khaa2 (and khana), mfn. and n., 1. (mfn.) digging, excavating; (one) who digs; 2.
(n.) digging;
khae, 239 khao, 315
khattiya, m. and mfn., 1. (m.) a member of the warrior or ruling class; a ruler, a chief;
Dhp 387; 2. (mfn.) of the warrior or ruling class;
khattiye, 294 khattiyo, 387
khanati1 (and khaati1) pr 3 sg., hurts, injures; impairs;
khanati2 (and khaati2) pr 3 sg., digs; digs up; excavates Dhp 247.
khanati, 247 khaatha, 337
khantii, khant, f. and mfn. 1. (f.) (i), patience; forbearance; endurance Dhp 184;
(ii), receptivity; predilection; preference; preferred view; 2. (mfn.) patient, enduring;
khant, 184
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khantbala, 399
khandha, m., 1. the shoulder, the upper part of the back (in men and animals); 2.
the stem or trunk of a tree; 3. a mass, large amount, quantity; body; collection,
agglomeration; complex (category); group; aggregate; esp. (i) the agglomeration or
groups of good practices or virtues', (ii) the five collections or groups which are the
elements of (personal) existence Dhp 374;
khandhna, 374
Khandhdisa / khandhasam, mfn., like the elements of existence Dhp 202.
khandhasam, 202
khaya1,

m.n., dwelling-place, house;

khaya2, m. (and mfn.), 1. (m.) wasting or wearing away, diminution; using up,
exhaustion; ending; destruction Dhp 154; 2. (m.) the disease pulmonary
consumption, phthisis; 3. (mfn.) wasting away; ending;
khaya, 383 khayam, 154, 402, jvitasakhayamhi, 331, tahakkhaye, 353
tahakkhayo, 354
khdati, khyati2 (and khajjati2 ?), pr. 3 sg., 1. chews; eats; devours, preys
upon; bites, hurts; grinds, makes chatter (teeth) Dhp 240; 2 . consumes (goods
or money); preys upon, plunders;
khdati, 240
khioti, khiti1, pr. 3 sg., ruins, makes an end of pp (a) kha1, mfn. (b) khayita,
mfn.
khipati1, pr. 3 sg. , 1. throws, casts; lets go; propels; throws away; tosses, throws about;
2. strikes, hits; strikes down, beats; deranges; abuses; criticises; pp khitta1, mfn. 1.
thrown; tossed; thrown away; tossed about; disordered, deranged; 2. reviled,
criticised; dismissed; sent away;
khitt, 304, khitto, 34, 125
khippa1,

see sv khipa1.
khippa2, mfn., quick; swift; acc. khippa, adv., quickly, swiftly; immediately,

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directly;
khippa, 65, 236, 238 khippam, 137, 289
kha1, mfn. (and n. ?), [pp of khioti qv.], 1. (mfn.) (i) diminished, worn away, used
up; perished, destroyed, come to an end; (ii) ruined; poor; [PTS: in cpds. - often to be
translated "without."] 2. (n.) destruction; exhaustion;
kha2, mfn. [pp of khyati2 qv ? or of khnti qv ? or of (s)kirati, cf kha], hurtful;
rough; criticising; ~a, adv., hurtfully, roughly;
khamaccha [kha+maccha] mfn., without fish; whose fish have perished.
khamacche, 155
khsava, [kha+sava] mfn., (one) in whom the savas have perished; free from
the savas, ie an arhat Dhp 89;
khsava, 420 khsav, 89
khra, n., 1. milk, esp. cows' milk; 2. the milky juice or sap of plants;
khra, 71
khrapaka, mf(n)., drinking (only) milk; unweaned Dhp 284.
khrapako, 284
khetta, n., 1. arable land; a cultivated field Dhp 356; 2. delimited area (of space or
time); field of activity, sphere of action; 3. fertile soil, a suitable place (for something
to arise or be produced); esp. a suitable object or recipient, a field for producing pua;
4. a wife; 5. the body;
khettni, 356, 357, 358, 359
khema, mfn. and m.n., 1. (mfn.) safe, secure; free from danger; affording security; at
ease Dhp 189; 2. (m.n.) safety, security; a secure or easy state; peace; well-being;
khema, 189, 192
khemi(n), mfn., safe, secure; enjoying peace and security Dhp 258.
khem, 258
kho, ind. (sometimes written khv before a following initial vowel, which is usually
lengthened), an enclitic particle (extremely common) which 1. emphasises the
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preceding word(s), but is often merely expletive; kho is used esp. (i) after pronouns
(ii) after adverbs or other particles: (in) in interrogative clauses: (iv) after negative
particles: kho 2. frequently marks a change of subject or a further stage in a
narrative, esp. following atha: see also khalu, khu1.
kho, 86, 189, 192, 349, 350

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