Carburetor System

A carburetor is a device that blends air and fuel for an internal combustion engine. It works as
follows.

1. Air flows into the top of the

carburetor from the car's air
intake.
2. When the engine is first started,
the choke (blue) can be set so it
almost blocks the top of the pipe
to reduce the amount of air
coming in (increasing the fuel
content of the mixture entering
the cylinders).
3. In the center of the tube, the air is
forced through a narrow kink
called a venturi. This makes it
speed up and causes its pressure
to drop.
4. The drop in air pressure creates suction on the fuel pipe (right), drawing in fuel
(orange).
5. The throttle (green) is a valve that swivels to open or close the pipe. When the throttle
is open, more air and fuel flows to the cylinders so the engine produces more power
and the car goes faster.
6. The mixture of air and fuel flows down into the cylinders.
7. Fuel (orange) is supplied from a mini-fuel tank called the float-feed chamber.
8. As the fuel level falls, a float in the chamber falls and opens a valve at the top.
9. When the valve opens, more fuel flows in to replenish the chamber from the main gas
tank. This makes the float rise and close the valve again.

Carburetor circuits

There are six basic circuits used on a typical carbu

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Float Circuit
Idle & Off-idle Circuit
Main metering Circuit
Full power (or power enrichment) Circuit
Accelerator pump Circuit
Choke Circuit

all fuel bowls are vented by a

valve to a charcoal canister,
which absorbs and stores fuel vapors

Off Idle operation

As throttle plate is opened during

low speed, a transfer slot located
above the throttle plate is exposed
to vacuum, and air fuel emulsion is
discharged from both port.

main well is vented through a

precisely sized opening called
the main air bleed to allows air
enter the top of the main well.
Calibrated main air bleed
prevents a vacuum from
developing in the main well.

Some carburetors have two stages, called prima

In primary stage, throttle plates operate normally a
Secondary throttle plates, only open after the prima
opened a certain amount.

During idle & low cruising speeds,

the vacuum holds the power valve
closed.
As engine speed & load increases
and the vacuum signal drops to a
specific level and spring overcomes
the vacuum and forces the power
valve out of the jet.

Fuel pressure forced off the

outlet check valve and fuel is
discharged from shooter nozzle

After the engine has warmed to

normal operating temperatures,
choke should be opened completely
to allow the throttle to control air
flow and fuel metering

heat source might be hot air

or coolant

Bosch type

Bosch type fuses (also known as continental, torpedo, ATS, or GBC type fuses) are
used in old (often European) automobiles. The physical dimension of this type of
fuse is 625 mm with conical ends. Bosch type fuses usually use the same colorcoding for the rated current. The DIN standard is 72581/1.

Color coding

Color

Current
rating

Yellow

5A

White

8A

Red or Green

16 A

Blue

25 A

Grey or Black

40 A

Glass Tube type fuse

North-American built automobiles up to 1981 had
electrical systems protected by cylindrical glass
cartridge fuses rated 32 volts DC and current
ratings from 4 amperes to 30 amperes. These are
known as "SFE" fuses, as they were designed by
the Society of Fuse Engineers to prevent the insertion of a grossly inadequate or
unsafe fuse into the vehicle's fuse panel. [3][4] These SFE fuses all have a 14 inch
diameter, and the length varies according to the rating of the fuse.

A 4 amp SFE 4 fuse is 58 inch long (the same dimension as an AGA fuse of
any rating),

a 6 amp SFE 6 fuse is 34 inch long,

a 7.5 amp SFE 7.5 fuse is 78 inch long (same as an AGW fuse of any rating),

a 9 amp SFE 9 fuse is 78 inch long (same as an AGW fuse of any rating),

a 14 amp SFE 14 fuse is 1116 inch long,

a 20 amp SFE 20 fuse is 114 inch long (same as an AGC fuse of any rating),
and

a 30 amp SFE 30 fuse is 1716 inches long.[3]

There are a number of lookalike fuses which can easily be confused with these. In
general this type of fuse will have an "AG" label of some kind, which originally stood
for "all glass." There are at least seven different sizes of fuses with a 1/4 inch
diameter. The fuses listed are the most common for the size, which is always a fastacting fuse:

1AG size, type AGA, 1 amp to 30 amp, 1/4 inch diameter by 58 inch long[3]

7AG size, type AGW, 1 amp to 30 amp, 1/4 inch diameter by 78 inch long[3]

8AG size, type AGX, 1 amp to 30 amp, 1/4 inch diameter by 1 inch long [5]

3AG size, type AGC, 0.125 amp to 50 amp, 1/4 inch diameter by 1 14 inch
long[5]

UK size, type UK, 35 amp to 50 amp, 1/4 inch diameter by 1 14 inch long[3]

9AG size, type AGY, 50 amp, 1/4 inch diameter by 1 716 inch long[3]

5AG size, type AGU, 1 amp to 60 amp, 1332 inch diameter by 112 inch long.
[3]
Also called "Midget fuses."[5]

These and other fuses are still being manufactured for many applications, including
for AC circuits and DC uses. Some are time delayed, slow reacting, or have leads for
terminals used in circuits without a fuse holder.[5][4] Many of the fuse dimensions and
characteristics are published by the Society of Automotive Engineers as Standard
SAE J 554.