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Scientists
C 1. Ampere
D 2. Faraday
B 3. Hertz
A 4. Maxwell
E 5. Oersted
II.CONCEPT WEB
Amper
e
Contributio
ns
Demonstrated
the magnetic
effect based
on the
direction of
current.
-He discovered
the nature of
the
relationship
between
electric
current-flow
and
magnetism, as
well as the
relationships
of the
behavior of
electric
currents in
various types
of conductors.
-His theory is
called
Farad
ay
Contributio
ns
-Formulated
the principle
behind
electromagnet
ic induction.
-1821 Faraday
built the first
electric
motor--a
device for
transforming
an electrical
current into
rotary motion.
1331 Faraday
made the first
transformer.
-The unit of
capacitance is
named after
Scienti
sts
Hertz
Contributio
ns
-Showed
experimental
evidence of
electromagnet
ic waves and
their link to
light.
-Discovered
the Hertzian
waves which
is known as
the radio
waves
-Hertz is the
unit used to
measure the
frequency of
waves.
-He was the
first person to
demonstrate
Maxwe
ll
Contributio
ns
- Contributed
in developing
equations
that showed
the
relationship of
electricity and
magnetism
-He wrote a
mathematical
treatise
formalizing
the theory of
fields in
1856.In the
year 1873
Maxwell
published
Electricity and
Magnetism,
demonstratin
g four partial
differential
equations
that
completely
described
Oerste
d
Contribution
s
- Showed how a
current
carrying wire
behaves like a
magnet.
-Through
research and
experiment,
Oersted
established
that an electric
current running
through a wire
creates a
circular
magnetic field.
His work led
other scientists
to develop
mathematical
formulas
relating
electricity to
magnetism,
and was a
major step
toward a
This was an enormously important discovery for the future of both science and
technology. Faraday discovered that a varying magnetic field causes electricity to
flow in an electric circuit.
electromagentic-induction-horseshoe
Moving the magnet causes a current to flow. You need a sensitive ammeter to
observe the tiny current caused by a small magnet. The stronger the magnet, the
bigger the current. Pushing a bar magnet into a coil of wire can generate a larger
current.
For example, moving a horseshoe magnet over a wire produces an electric current,
because the movement of the magnet causes a varying magnetic field.
Previously, people had only been able to produce electric current with a battery.
Now Faraday had shown that movement could be turned into electricity or in more
scientific language, kinetic energy could be converted to electrical energy.
Most of the power in our homes today is produced using this principle. Rotation
(kinetic energy) is converted into electricity using electromagnetic induction. The
rotation can be produced by high pressure steam from coal, gas, or nuclear energy
turning turbines; or by hydroelectric plants; or by wind-turbines, for example.
OERSTED
Discovery of Electromagnetism
Oersteds famous experiment, showing that electricity and magnetism are linked, took
place during a lecture on April 21, 1820, when Oersted was 42 years old.
In this experiment he passed electric current through a wire, which caused a nearby
magnetic compass needle to move.
Oersted's experiment
Oersted notes
Oersteds original notes. He shows how an electric current flowing in a wire causes a
nearby magnetized compass needle to turn.
Over the next few months Oersted carried out more experiments, discovering that
electric current produces a circular magnetic effect around it.
circular magnetic field
Oersted showed that electric current produces a circular magnetic effect around it.
Oersted announced his discovery on July 21, 1820, in a paper consisting of four pages
of Latin, which was soon translated into most of the main European languages. In
English Oersteds paper had the title Experiments on the Effect of a Current of
Electricity on the Magnetic Needle.
By September 1820 Franois Arago was demonstrating the electromagnetic effect to
Frances scientific elite at the French Academy, which almost immediately led AndrMarie Ampre to take the next great steps in the story of electromagnetism.
Just as Voltas invention of the battery had opened new horizons in physics and
chemistry, Oersteds discovery of a link between electricity and magnetism unleashed a
revolution in physics leading us into our current digital world.