WELLTEST-5 112: Derivative Aigrthens 2 Derivative Algorithms ‘Three algorithms are provided to compute the derivative “dAp/d(InAd.” These are (with increasing complexity): (3) two-points, (ji) three-consecutive-points, and (fil) three-smoothed-points method, 24 Two-Points Method ‘This method computes the logarithmic derivative at point.j from the two neighboring points, the point before (j-1) and the point after (+1), see Fig. 2.1. The formula is ( dap) MMe MyM TOON Com UN Oe where Ap = pressure change; = p;~ pyy(At) for drawdown; = py, (At) ~ Pyfor buildup, Di, = nial reservoir pressure, Pag = wel lowing pressure for drawdown; = well lowing pressure a the time of shut-in for buildup, Pay = wel shutin pressure, ‘Af = elapsed time; = flowing time for drawdown; = shut-in time, ot Homer time, or Agarwal equivalent ime, or superposition time for buildup, j= data point index Note that In(Av,,y/A¥,_,) is always positive since 4, is always greater than Ay, ,. The computed derivative will never be negative unless Ap,,, is smaller than Ap, 1. In(AtfAt,.) In(At, At) Int, ts) Indt_, — Indt, Indt,,, InAt_ ——» Fig. 2.1 - Derivative Algorithms - 2-Points and 3-Consecutive-Points. W2-1 CHEN - NMINTWELLTEST-06 11.2: Derivative Algorthme: 2.2 Three-Consecutive-Points Method This method uses one point before and one point after the point of interest, point, calculates the corresponding derivatives, and places their weighted mean at the point considered [Bourdet et a, 1989], see Fig. 2.1. The formula is (4) pj — Any In)—In(aty) APR =Apy ney) 7 ain dr) ;~ In(Ar,)—InAzz) Ta(Arg)—In(Arz) ” In(Arg)—In(At,) In(Qeq) Incr, )* 4p) - Sp, In(Ate/St;) — Spe—Apy Int, (tz) , 722, Jn(Aej/Aez) In(Aty /At) ” In(Aey/At,) Inte /Aty) J-1, left to point, +1, right to pointy ‘The above definitions of L and R means that tree consecutive points are used in this method. 2.3 Three-Smoothed-Points Method ‘This method basically is the same as the previous three-consecutive-points method (i.e, same formula) but different in that the point- and point-R chosen may not be consecutive. Determination of point-L and point-R, depends on the specification of a “window width 17” (I = 0) with I refers to a length of InAr or natural logarithmic of other time functions. The algorithm chooses point-L. and point-R as being the first ones such that {In(1,) ~ In(A4,)] = In(As,/At,) > Wand In(Atg) ~ InAs) = In(Ata/At,) > (Ge, just beyond the window width), see Fig. 2.2. Common values of 7 are 0 up to 0.5 in extreme cases [Bourdet er al, 1989]. Note that 1/=0 is equivalent to the three-consecutive-points described previously. The primary intention of this method is to reduce noise. A compromise, however, must be made between the smoothness of the derivative and the possible distortion resulted from over-smoothing. 24 Relation Between Two-Points and Three-Points Methods ‘The three-points methods (both consecutive and smoothed) reduce to the two-points method if In(Atg/Aty) In(At, /At,) Ine; /Atz) — Ta(@ta/A;)" ‘hich is equivalent to At, [Sty = Ata/At, or At, = (Qt, )CAre) ‘Thus the three-points method is equivalent to the two-points method if the ratios of the succeeding chosen Ar's are the same. 2-2 CHEN - NMIMTWELLTEST.95 112: Derwvative Algor. InAt, Indt, InAt InAt_ ——> In(atjat,)>W In(At,/At)>W Fig. 2.2 - Derivative Algorithm - 3-Smoothed-Points. 2.8 Exam ple Consider the Ap and At data given in the first three columns of the following table, ‘The pressure derivatives at data point 3 computed by the discussed three methods are also given in the same table. Detailed procedures are given following the tabie. 12-3 pata | Elapsed | Pressure | In(at/At3) dapratina, Point | Time | Change J at (Absolute FT = 7 i Fwo-Poin ree- ree- Co cae Method | Consecutive- | _Smoothed- Points Method | Points Method (w=0) 1 709585, 7195 | 023181 2 0.10833 30.68 | 0.10920 3 0.12083 $839) o| 7 S01 58 4 0.13333 97.12 | 0.09844 3 0.14583 | 10424 | 0.18806 CHEN - NMIMT