Lower 6 Tutorial #2

1. Hydrogen fluoride, HF, is one of the most important fluorine compounds. It can be
prepared by reacting calcium fluoride, CaF2, with sulphuric acid.
a. Draw dot and cross diagrams of:
i.
HF
ii.
CaF2
b. Predict 2 differences between the physical properties of HF and CaF2
2. a. Explain how the VSEPR theory can be used to predict the shape and bond angles of
simple molecules. Using VSEPR theory, predict the shape and bond angle of H2N-.
3. Predict the approximate value for the bond angles for each carbon indicated in the
following compounds:

4. At room temperature, iodine, I2, has a crystal lattice structure.

a. What type of bond holds together the iodine atoms in an iodine molecule
b. What forces act between the iodine molecules in a crystal lattice of iodine
c. When iodine is gently heated to 114oC, it turns directly from a solid into a gas
without going through the liquid state. This unusual behavior is called sublimation.
d. Explain, in terms of forces, the changes that occur in the structure of iodine as it
sublimes.
e. The diamond form of carbon sublimes at a much higher temperature than iodine.
Suggest why this higher temperature is required.
5. Hydrazine, N2H4, is soluble in ethanol, C2H5OH. Explain, with the aid of a diagram
showing lone pairs and dipoles, why this is so.
6. A (pi) bond is the result of the
(a) overlap of two s orbitals.
(b) overlap of an s and a p orbital.
(c) overlap of two p orbitals along their axes.
(d) sidewise overlap of two parallel p orbitals.
(e) sidewise overlap of two s orbitals.
7. What kind of hybrid orbitals are utilized by the carbon atom in CF4 molecules?
(a) sp
(b) sp2
(c) sp3
(d) sp3d
(e) sp3d2

8. When a double bond is formed between two atoms, one of the bonds is a sigma bond and
the other is a pi bond. The pi bond is created by the overlap of...
(a) sp2 hybrid orbitals
(b) sp3 hybrid orbitals
(c) p orbitals
(d) s orbitals
9. What is the hybridization of the sulfur atom is SF4?
(a) sp2
(b) sp3
(c) sp3d
(d) sp3d2