In publishing and graphic design, lorem ipsum (derived from Latin dolorem ipsum, translated as

"pain itself") is a filler text commonly used to demonstrate the graphic elements of a document or
visual presentation. Replacing meaningful content with placeholder text allows designers to
design the form of the content before the content itself has been produced.[citation needed]
The lorem ipsum text is typically a scrambled section of De finibus bonorum et malorum, a 1stcentury BC Latin text by Cicero, with words altered, added, and removed to make it nonsensical,
improper Latin.[citation needed]
A variation of the ordinary lorem ipsum text has been used in typesetting since the 1960s or
earlier, when it was popularized by advertisements for Letraset transfer sheets. It was introduced
to the Information Agein the mid-1980s by Aldus Corporation, which employed it in graphics and
word-processing templates for its desktop publishing program PageMaker.[1][not in citation given]
Contents
[hide]

1Example text
2Discovery
3Latin source
4English translation
5Variations
6See also
7Notes
8References
9External links

Example text[edit]
A common form of lorem ipsum reads:
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut
labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco
laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in
voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non
proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Discovery[edit]
"Lorem ipsum" text is derived from sections 1.10.33 of Cicero's De finibus bonorum et malorum.[2]
It is not known exactly when the text obtained its current standard form; it may have been as late
as the 1960s. Dr. Richard McClintock, a Latin scholar who was the publications director
at HampdenSydney College in Virginia, discovered the source of the passage sometime before
1982 while searching for instances of the Latin word "consectetur", rarely used in classical
literature.[1][a] The physical source of the Lorem Ipsum text may be the 1914 Loeb Classical
Library Edition of the De Finibus, where the Latin text finishes page 34 with "Neque porro
quisquam est qui do-" and begins page 36 with "lorem ipsum (et seq.)", suggesting that the
galley type of that page 36 was mixed up to make the dummy text seen today.[citation needed]

Latin source[edit]
The original version (with the excerpted items highlighted) appears in the 1914 Loeb Classical
Library Edition of the De Finibus, Book 1, sections 323:
[32] Sed ut perspiciatis, unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque
laudantium, totam rem aperiam eaque ipsa, quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto
beatae vitae dicta sunt, explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem, quia voluptas sit, aspernatur

aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos, qui ratione voluptatem sequi
nesciunt, neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum, quia dolor sit amet consectetur
adipisci[ng] velit, sed quia non numquam [do] eius modi tempora inci[di]dunt, ut labore et
dolore magnam aliquam quaerat voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis
nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea
commodiconsequatur? Quis autem vel eum iure reprehenderit, qui in ea voluptate velit
esse, quam nihil molestiae consequatur, vel illum, qui dolorem eum fugiat, quo voluptas nulla
pariatur?
[33] At vero eos et accusamus et iusto odio dignissimos ducimus, qui blanditiis praesentium
voluptatum deleniti atque corrupti, quos dolores et quas molestias excepturi sint,
obcaecati cupiditate non provident, similique sunt in culpa, qui officia deserunt
mollitia animi, id est laborum et dolorum fuga. Et harum quidem rerum facilis est et expedita
distinctio. Nam libero tempore, cum soluta nobis est eligendi optio, cumque nihil impedit, quo
minus id, quod maxime placeat, facere possimus, omnis voluptas assumenda est, omnis dolor
repellendus. Temporibus autem quibusdam et aut officiis debitis aut rerum necessitatibus saepe
eveniet, ut et voluptates repudiandae sint et molestiae non recusandae. Itaque earum rerum hic
tenetur a sapiente delectus, ut aut reiciendis voluptatibus maiores alias consequatur aut
perferendis doloribus asperiores repellat

English translation[edit]
This is H. Rackham's 1914 translation in the aforementioned Loeb Classical Library edition
with the major source of lorem ipsum highlighted:
[32] But I must explain to you how all this mistaken idea of denouncing of a pleasure and praising
pain was born and I will give you a complete account of the system, and expound the actual
teachings of the great explorer of the truth, the master-builder of human happiness. No one
rejects, dislikes, or avoids pleasure itself, because it is pleasure, but because those who do not
know how to pursue pleasure rationally encounter consequences that are extremely painful. Nor
again is there anyone wholoves or pursues or desires to obtain pain of itself, because it is
pain, but occasionally circumstances occur in which toil and pain can procure him some
great pleasure. To take a trivial example, which of us ever undertakes laborious physical
exercise, except to obtain some advantage from it? But who has any right to find fault with a
man who chooses to enjoy a pleasure that has no annoying consequences, or one who avoids
a pain that produces no resultant pleasure?
[33] On the other hand, we denounce with righteous indignation and dislike men who are so
beguiled and demoralized by the charms of pleasure of the moment, so blinded by desire, that
they cannot foresee the pain and trouble that are bound to ensue; and equal blame belongs to
those who fail in their duty through weakness of will, which is the same as saying through
shrinking from toil and pain. These cases are perfectly simple and easy to distinguish. In a free
hour, when our power of choice is untrammeled and when nothing prevents our being able to do
what we like best, every pleasure is to be welcomed and every pain avoided. But in certain
circumstances and owing to the claims of duty or the obligations of business it will frequently
occur that pleasures have to be repudiated and annoyances accepted. The wise man therefore
always holds in these matters to this principle of selection: he rejects pleasures to secure other
greater pleasures, or else he endures pains to avoid worse pains.

Variations[edit]

A lorem ipsum placeholder text was inadvertently published in The Straits Times, a Singapore newspaper,
on 26 April 2014.

Today's popular version of Lorem ipsum was first created in the mid-1980s for Aldus
Corporation's desktop publishing program PageMaker.[1] Aldus adapted older forms of
the lorem text from typography samples to use in PageMaker's graphics and word processing
templates.[citation needed]
Nowadays a variety of software, including text and plug-ins, can generate semi-random "loremlike text", which often has little or nothing in common with the canonical adaptations other than
looking like (and often being) jumbled Latin. Apple's Pages and Keynote software employ such
jumbled text as sample screenplay layout. Lorem ipsum is also featured on Joomla!, Google
Docs, and WordPress web content managers. Microsoft Word2007, 2010, 2013 and 2016 have a
Lorem ipsum feature.[4][not in citation given]