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Th3
1.
The only neutrons that will survive absorption at A are those that cannot cross H. Their turning points will be below H.
So that, for a neutron entering to the cavity at height z with vertical velocity vz , conservation of energy implies
1
M v z2 + M g z M g H
2
2.
2 g ( H z ) v z ( z ) 2 g (H z )
Lc
neutrons have to reach its maximum height at least once within the
cavity. The longest required length corresponds to neutrons that enter
at z = H with vz = 0 (see the figure). Calling tf to their time of fall
Lc = v x 2 t f
1 2
H = gtf
2
3.
Lc = 2v x
2H
g
Lc = 6.4 cm
The rate of transmitted neutrons entering at a given height z, per unit height, is proportional to the range of allowed
velocities at that height, being the proportionality constant
dN c ( z )
= v z ,max ( z ) v z ,min ( z ) = 2 2 g (H z )
dz
The total number of transmitted neutrons is obtained by adding the neutrons entering at all possible heights. Calling
y=z/H
N c (H ) =
4.
N c (H ) =
dN c ( z ) =
2 2 g (H z )dz = 2 2 g H 3 / 2
1/ 2
(1 y ) dy = 2
1
2 g H 3 / 2 (1 y )3 / 2
3
0
4
2g H 3/ 2
3
For a neutron falling from a height H, the action over a bouncing cycle is twice the action during the fall or the ascent
S=2
p z dz = 2 M 2 g H 3 / 2
(1 y )
1
1/ 2
dy =
4
M 2g H 3/ 2
3
4
S = M 2g H 3/ 2 = n h
3
9 h2
Hn =
32 M 2 g
n2/3
En = M g H n
9M g 2 h 2
En =
32
1/ 3
n2/3
Th 3 Solution Page 1 of 3
9 h2
H1 =
32 M 2 g
= 1.65 10 5 m
H 1 = 16.5 m
E1 = M g H 1 = 2.71 10 31 J = 1.69 10 12 eV
E1 = 1.69 peV
Note that H1 is of the same order than the given cavity height, H = 50 m. This opens up the possibility for observing
the spatial quantization when varying H.
5.
The uncertainty principle says that the minimum time t and the minimum energy E satisfy the relation E t h .
During this time, the neutrons move to the right a distance
x = v x t v x
h
E
Now, the minimum neutron energy allowed in the cavity is E1, so that E E1 . Therefore, an estimation of the
minimum time and the minimum length required is
tq
h
= 0.4 10 3 s = 0.4 ms
E1
Lq v x
h
= 4 10 3 m = 4 mm
E1
Th 3 Solution Page 2 of 3
Th 3
Question
ANSWER SHEET
Analytical results
Numerical results
2 g (H z ) v z ( z ) 2 g (H z )
1
M v z2 + M g z M g H
2
Marking
guideline
1.5
Lc = v x 2t f
2
H=
1 2
gt
2 f
dN c
= v z ,max v z , min
dz
N c (H ) =
dN
0
]
N c (H ) =
Lc = 6.4 cm
2H
g
Lc = 2v x
4
2g H 3 / 2
3
1.3 + 0.2
2.5
c ( z)
1/ 3
S=2
p z dz = nh
E t h
E E1
x = v x t
9 h2
Hn =
32 M 2 g
9M g 2 h 2
En =
32
tq
h
E1
Lq v x
h
E1
n2/3
1/ 3
n2/3
H 1 = 16.5 m
1.6 + 0.2
E1 = 1.69 peV
0.5 + 0.2
t q 0.4 ms
1.3 + 0.2
Lq 4 mm
0.3 + 0.2
Th 3 Solution Page 3 of 3