II. Project Site Factors

II.
Project Site Factors

Question 1:
A project team is in the process of selecting a site for new office space. What strategy would help the project earn a Sustainable Sites
credit?
A Locating the project near basic services to provide community connectivity
Locating a project near basic services helps earn a project credit for community connectivity.
B Using native plants in the landscape to reduce outdoor water use
Outdoor water use is addressed in the Water Efficiency category.
C Increasing the size of the building footprint to decrease the building density
Building density is the floor area of the building divided by the total area of the site (square feet per acre) (USGBC).
This choice states the building density would be decreased so this would negatively impact development density.
D Increasing the parking capacity for the purposes of reducing open space
Both increasing parking capacity and reducing open space would negatively impact the project, not help it.
Notes: Reference: LEED 2009 for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System
Question 2:
A vehicle must meet which requirement to be considered low-emitting and fuel-efficient?
A Green Label score of 40 or more
Green Label is standard used to show that carpet cushion has low VOC content.
B Green Seal score of 40 or more
Green Seal is a standard used to show that paints have low VOC content.
C Green score of 40 or more
Vehicles must be classified as a Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) by the California Air Resources Board or have a green score of 40
or more from the ACEEE annual vehicle rating guide.
D Green-e score of 40 or more
Green-e is a program established to promote green electricity products and provide consumers with a nationally recognized
method to identify those products.

Question 3:
What would a project team use to compare different product's abilities to reject solar heat?
A Perviousness
Perviousness is how much water a material allows through.
B Solar Reflectance Index (SRI)
Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) is a measure of how well a material rejects solar heat. SRI is a value that incorporates both solar
reflectance and emittance in a single value to represent a material's temperature in the sun. SRI quantifies how hot a surface
would get relative to standard black and standard white surfaces. It is expressed as a fraction (0.0 to 1.0) or percentage (0% to
100%). Materials with the highest SRI values are the coolest choices for paving.
LEED requires materials with certain SRI values to meet the requirements of some credits. Materials come with SRI values to
allow comparison.
C Albedo
Solar reflectance (aka albedo) is a measure of a material's ability to reflect sunlight (including the visible, infrared, and ultraviolet
wavelengths) on a scale of 0 to 1. An albedo value of 0.0 indicates that the surface absorbs all solar radiation, and a 1.0 albedo
value represents total reflectivity. (USGBC)
D Emissivity
Emissivity is the ratio of the radiation emitted by a surface to the radiation emitted by a black body at the same temperature.
(USGBC)
Notes: Reference: LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance Reference Guide, Glossary

Question 4:
Which of these sites would be most appropriate for community connectivity?
A A site located in an urban residential area
Being located in an urban residential area doesn't automatically qualify the site for community connectivity.
B A site that has been documented as contaminated
A brownfield is a site that has been documented as contaminated. Brownfield sites may or may not be near basic services and
meet the other requirements for community connectivity.
C A site located within 1/4 mile of two or more bus stops
This would help with providing public transportation access.
D A site located in proximity to schools, parks, stores, and other services and amenities
Community connectivity is the quantity of connection between a site and the surrounding community. Community connectivity
channels development to urban areas with existing infrastructure. This includes areas with walkways and areas near basic
services.
Basic services are those services that are open to the public, and are common services that people might use regularly. People
must be able to walk between the project and the service without being blocked by walls, highways, or other barriers (this is called
pedestrian access). LEED encourages building near a variety of basic services, not just one type of service such as twelve
clothing stores in a strip mall. LEED provides examples of basic services as:
Bank
Church
Supermarket / convenience store
Day care
Dry cleaner / laundry mat
Fire station
Salon
Hardware store
Library
Medical / dental office
Park
Pharmacy
Post office
Restaurant
School
Theatre / museum
Community center
Gym

Question 5:
When encouraging bicycle use, what should be addressed for campus projects or office buildings?
A Allowing extra time for people to commute
B Providing showering and changing facilities
Bicycle racks, lockers, indoor/outdoor storage rooms must be secure. Showering facilities must be provided for commercial
projects.
C Providing free helmets to bicyclers
D Providing shaded spots for the bicycles
Question 6:
What is the floor-area ratio?
A The relationship between the total land area of the project site and the portion of the site where construction can occur
This is a made-up ratios that are not used in green building.
B The relationship between the total building floor area and the total hardscapes
This is a made-up ratios that are not used in green building.
C The relationship between the total building floor area and the allowable land area the building can cover
The floor-area ratio is the relationship between the total building floor area and the allowable land area the building can cover.
(USGBC)
This definition is provided on page 26 of the USGBC LEED Core Concepts Guide. The USGBC definition is included here in case
you don't have the Core Concepts Guide.
You may have your own definition of the floor-area-ratio in your line of work. The LEED exam tests on the LEED definition from
USGBC. If you don't like the definition provided please contact USGBC.
In green building having a smaller building footprint (building up and having a taller building) is better than having a shorter, wider
building (building out) because the smaller building footprint will have less of an impact on the surrounding environment. This can
preserve green spaces and natural ecosystems.
D The floor area of the building divided by the total area of the site (square feet per acre)
The building density is the floor area of the building divided by the total area of the site (square feet per acre).

Question 7:
How does urban sprawl affect office workers?
A It encourages urban renewal
Urban sprawl discourages urban renewal.
B It reduces ventilation opportunities
C It causes many to have longer commute times
Urban sprawl means that cities are no longer compact but are spread out. This increases commute times. People moving further
from city centers to purchase houses contributes to sprawl but sprawl does not increase home prices. Urban sprawl actually
discourages urban renewal as old buildings and areas are not redeveloped.
D It causes residential housing to be more expensive
Residential housing usually decreases the farther away from a city center a person lives.
Notes:
The farther out of a city a building is the ventilation usually increases. Inside a city with narrow streets and tall buildings the air quality is
lower.
Question 8:
What are the environmental benefits of selecting a previously developed site for a project?
A Preserving open space
The question asks for an environmental benefit.
Greenfields are sites not previously developed or graded that could support open space, habitat, or agriculture. (USGBC)
LEED prefers not building on greenfields but using previously developed land instead. Preserving greenfields means more open
space will be available.
B Local tax savings may be available
Tax savings are an economic benefit.
C The site would have a greater development density
The development density of the project depends on the building design, not the type of land chosen.
D The site would be located near mass transit
A previously developed site doesn't mean mass transit will be available. There are plenty of cities that have no or poor public
transportation systems.
Notes: Reference: Green Building & LEED Core Concepts Guide

Question 9:
What is true regarding a material's emittance and solar reflectance (albedo)?
A Emittance and solar reflectance are used to calculated a materials perviousness
These values are not used to calculate how pervious a material is.
B Emittance is based on a material's solar reflectance
This is not correct. See the definitions in this explanation for solar reflectance and emittance.
C A material's emittance and solar reflectance mean the same thing
LEED defines solar reflectance as: A measure of the ability of a surface material to reflect sunlight-visible, infrared, and ultraviolet
wavelengths-on a scale of 0 to 1. Solar reflectance is also called albedo. Black paint has a solar reflectance of 0; white paint
(titanium dioxide) has a solar reflectance of 1.
The emittance of a material refers to its ability to release absorbed heat. Scientists use a number between 0 and 1, or 0% and
100%, to express emittance. With the exception of metals, most construction materials have emittances above 0.85 (85%).
Emittance is used by manufacturers to calculate the SRI.
D Emittance and solar reflectance are combined to determine a material's SRI value
SRI is calculated by using emissivity and solar reflectance values.
Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) is a value that incorporates both solar reflectance (albedo) and emittance in a single value to
represent a material's temperature in the sun. SRI quantifies how hot a surface would get relative to standard black and standard
white surfaces. It is expressed as a fraction (0.0 to 1.0) or percentage (0% to 100%). Materials with the highest SRI values are the
coolest choices for paving.
The higher the SRI number the more the sunlight the material can reflect. Black asphalt has an SRI of 0.

Question 10:
What is a characteristic of open-grid pavement?
A It is at least 50% impervious
B It is at least 75% impervious
C Vegetation can grow in it
Open grid pavement is pavement that is less than 50% impervious and contains vegetation in the open cells.
Here is an example of open grid pavement:
http://i.treehugger.com/files/th_images/hastings.jpg
Open grid pavement is different than pervious pavement.
Pervious pavement is designed to allow percolation or infiltration of stormwater through the surface into the soil below where the
water is naturally filtered and pollutants are removed. In contrast normal pavement is an impervious surface that sheds rainfall
and associated surface pollutants forcing the water to run off paved surfaces directly into nearby storm drains and then into
streams and lakes.
Here is an example of pervious pavement:
http://www.us-concrete.com/images/news_pervious_a.jpg
D It is 100% impervious
Question 11:
Which of the following is a strategy to prevent stormwater runoff?
A Locating the building 40 feet from a water body
This does not prevent runoff.
B Installing a vegetated roof
A vegetated roof helps capture stormwater on a roof.
C Minimizing the quantity of open space in the project boundary
Minimizing open space would negatively affect runoff - you need to maximize open space.
D Replacing native plants with turf grass to capture and filter the water
Turf grass should be avoided because it requires more watering than native plants. Replacing plants with turf grass may have a
negative effect, because turf grass may have more compact soil and not infiltrate as well.

Question 12:
What is a car share membership program?
A A program where two or more people drive together to reduce automobile use
This is carpooling.
B A program where cars can be rented on an hourly or daily basis to reduce automobile ownership
Car sharing is an alternative to car rental and car ownership. Cars are located throughout cities in convenient locations. People
who sign up for the program can reserve the cars and use them for a short period of time. See zipcar.com for an example.
C A program where two people share a common parking space in urban areas
This is not a practical scenario.
D A shuttle that ferries people from mass transit to the workplace, school, etc.
This is a LEED strategy to encourage using public transportation.
Question 13:
What types of land does LEED prefer project teams build on?
A Undeveloped
LEED does not award credits for building on undeveloped land (greenfields).
B Previously developed
LEED prefers not building on greenfields but using previously developed land instead.
C Land that has been zoned for commercial use
Zoning is a local issue. LEED does not specify how a particular parcel of land should be zoned.
D Impervious
Building on impervious land does not earn a project credit. Impervious does not imply developed land.

Question 14:
What needs to be included when providing bicycle storage for people?
A Shared bicycles for employees to move between buildings
B Bicycle lanes for accessibility
C Car bike racks
D Bicycle security
See SS Credit 4.2
Bicycle racks, lockers, indoor/outdoor storage rooms must be secure. Showering facilities must be provided for commercial
projects.
Question 15:
Which of the following is a way to reduce pollution associated with automobile use?
A Only provide enough parking to meet the peak parking demand
LEED rewards projects that install the minimum amount of parking required by local code. This choice would result in the
maximum amount of parking to accommodate peak demand.
B Provide shuttle services to mass transit
Shuttle services to mass transit allow employees to take public transportation. The shuttle service would ferry occupants from
mass transit to their building/home.
It is true that implementing strategies such as providing shuttle services or installing bicycle racks do not guarantee a reduction in
single-occupant drivers. However the goal of these strategies are to provide an alternative with the hope that they would.
C Shade all parking spaces with trees
This helps reduce the heat island effect.
D Install low albedo parking surfaces
This helps reduce the heat island effect.

Question 16:
A project that builds on a greenfield has selected what type of site?
A A site that hasn't been developed on before
B A site located in an urban area
Greenfields are normally in suburban areas.
C A site that was previously public parkland
Public parkland may or may not be a greenfield but not all greenfields are public parkland.
D A site that is farmland
Farmland can be considered a greenfield but not all greenfields are farmland.
Question 17:
What would installing a green roof help with?
A Increasing off-site renewable energy
A green roof does not impact offsite renewable energy.
B Increasing the lifespan of the roof
Green roofs typically have a longer life-cycle than traditional roofs (according to LEED).
C Reducing heat islands
D Eliminating CFCs
The choice of refrigerant and if natural or mechanical ventilation is used are decisions that help eliminate CFCs.
Notes:
Green roofs help reduce heat islands. They also help provide greater insulation of the roof to reduce energy consumption.
The heat island effect is created when developed areas have higher temperatures than surrounding rural areas. An urban heat island effect
is caused by sunlight heating up dark colored surfaces such as roads and rooftops. Huge quantities of heat are generated in buildings that
have dark rooftops and absorb heat rather than reflect it.
10

Question 18:
What design decision would MOST help reduce the quantity or improve the quality of stormwater runoff?
A Mulching around landscape areas
Mulching is a way to retain water but it is not the 'most' helpful design decision.
B Planting trees to provide cover for hardscapes
While planting trees to provide cover for hardscapes can also reduce stormwater runoff to some degree, the intent of the question
is to learn about clustering the development together.
C Clustering the development together
D Installing high albedo parking lot surfaces
High albedo surfaces help reduce the heat island effect.
Notes:
Reducing hardscapes can be accomplished by clustering the parts of the development. This has the effect of reducing the impermeable
area from which stormwater can run off.
How clustering the development reduces impervious surfaces:
Imagine a 100 acre square college campus that has 1 building in each corner of the campus with roads and sidewalks connecting them to
each other.
Now consider the same 100 acre square college campus where all 4 buildings are in the same corner. The roads and sidewalks are shorter
to each building, which reduces the quantity of impervious surfaces.
Question 19:
Which of the following has a direct environmental impact?
A Meeting the project schedule
The project schedule doesn't necessarily directly impact the environment.
B Taking advantage of utility incentives
This is a cost issue.
C Minimizing erosion during construction
Erosion has a direct environmental impact.
D Offering rebates on solar systems
This is a cost issue.
Notes: Reference: Sustainable Building Technical Manual: Part II
See Typical Green Building Guideline Issues in the reference.
11

Question 20:
What is the benefit of installing bicycle racks?
A Reducing automobile use
Bicycle use is one of the ways to promote alternative modes of transportation in the Sustainable Sites section.
B Innovation in Design
C Communitiy connectivity
D Reducing heat islands
Question 21:
What is SRI?
A Measure of a material's ability to reflect solar heat
Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) is a measure of how well a material rejects solar heat. SRI is a value that incorporates both solar
reflectance and emittance in a single value to represent a material's temperature in the sun. SRI quantifies how hot a surface
would get relative to standard black and standard white surfaces. It is expressed as a fraction (0.0 to 1.0) or percentage (0% to
100%). Materials with the highest SRI values are the coolest choices for paving.
The higher the SRI number the more solar heat the material can reflect. Black asphalt has an SRI of 0.
B Measure of VOC levels in paint
C Measure of air quality
D Measure of an automobile's emissions
Notes:
Reference: LEED for Existing Buildings: Operations & Maintenance Reference Guide, Glossary
12

Question 22:
What would qualify as preferred parking?
A Parking spots that are shaded at mid-day
This is not the correct definition.
B Parking spots reserved for shuttle buses
This is not the correct definition.
C Parking spots closest to the main entrance or under cover to the entrance
While 'Parking spots closest to the main entrance or under cover to the entrance' may sound right it is not the correct definition. A
10 story underground parking garage can be undercover to the main entrance but that doesn't mean it is close to the main
entrance.
When taking the LEED exam, it is the LEED definition that matters rather than personal preference or personal experience. Many
people make the mistake of arguing about LEED definitions or how in their particular job they do it differently. The exams test on
LEED, not on personal preferences or opinion. Remember that and you will test better.
D Parking spots closest to the main entrance (excluding handicap)
Preferred parking is a strategy by LEED to reduce automobile use.
Preferred parking spaces are parking spaces that are closest to the main entrance of a project, but they do not include
handicapped parking. Other forms of preferred parking include discounted parking passes, designated covered spaces, and
guaranteed passes in a lottery system.
Question 23:
What design decisions would help reduce the quantity or improve the quality of stormwater runoff?
A Using drip lines for irrigation
Using drip lines vs. conventional irrigation does not impact stormwater. However the source of the water for irrigation is important
- potable vs. stormwater or graywater.
B Placing the building next to a park or other natural area
Placing the building next to a park or natural area does not address the issue.
C Replacing all roads and hardscapes with impervious asphalt
Replacing all roads and hardscapes with impervious asphalt is incorrect. Use pervious pavement to allow water to filter through.
D Adding a constructed wetland
Adding constructed wetlands reduces the quantity of stormwater runoff by providing a location for the stormwater to collect.
Question 24:
13

What amount of parking will encourage alternative transportation and maximize open space?
A Enough for parking for FTE building occupants
This reduces parking but just meeting local code is the LEED answer.
B The minimum amount required by any local code
Providing carpool programs, shuttle services, etc. while providing no more parking spaces as required by local code helps
encourage alternative transportation.
Maximizing open space requires less parking.
For the purposes of LEED, open space is the property area minus the development footprint, when local zoning does not define
open space.
C 25% less parking spaces than the peak occupant demand
This reduces parking but just meeting local code is the LEED answer.
D Enough parking to handle peak occupant demand
This would maximize the amount of parking, not reduce it.
Question 25:
For the purposes of LEED certification, a project building includes all areas except:
A An occupied and operational building
The building is of course included in the project building.
B The grounds around the building
The grounds are part of the project building.
C Shared parking structure on a neighboring property that is part of another LEED project
Shared parking structures that are part of another LEED project would not be included.
D Parking lots
Parking lots are part of the project building.
A project building is the real property, including an occupied and operational building(s) and the associated grounds that is registered for
and actively pursuing LEED certification.
While it may seem correct to use the term 'project boundary' in the question instead of 'project building', the O+M glossary uses the term
'Project Building' so that is what we have used in the question.
Question 26:
14

What urban area is a best choice for a LEED project?
A Areas with community connectivity
Choosing urban areas that are previously developed with high development densities can earn a project LEED points for
community connectivity.
B Areas farthest from transportation services
This is not a strategy to earn LEED credits.
C Areas with long commute times
This is not a strategy to earn LEED credits.
D Areas that require updated infrastructure
Replacing infrastructure can earn points under the LEED for Neighborhood Development rating system, however this is not the
best choice.
15

Question 27:
What is an example of a basic service?
A Community center
Community connectivity channels development to urban areas with existing infrastructure. This includes areas with walkways and
areas near basic services.
Bank
Church
Day care
Fire station
Salon
Hardware store
Library
Park
Pharmacy
Post office
Restaurant
School
Theatre / museum
Community center
Gym
B Shuttle services
Shuttle services help provide access to mass transit.
C Hotel
Hotels are not considered basic services.
D Access to mass transit
Access to mass transit helps reduce automobile use.
16

Question 28:
What are attributes of open space?
A Open space is shaded
Open space doesn't have to be shaded.
B Open space is pervious
Open space are the ground areas that are vegetated and pervious.
Green roofs can be considered open space but only for urban areas.
open space.
C Open space is vegetated
D Open space has been previously developed
Open space is usually undeveloped. If a previously developed area is restored it may contribute to open space.
E Open space is 100 ft. beyond the building perimeter
Open space may or may not go beyond the building perimeter.
17

Question 29:
What is not an example of a basic service?
A Bank
B Mass transit
Mass transit is not considered a basic service
C Public park
D House of worship
Community connectivity channels development to urban areas with existing infrastructure. This includes areas with walkways and areas
near basic services.
Basic services are those services that are open to the public, and are common services that people might use regularly. People must be
able to walk between the project and the service without being blocked by walls, highways, or other barriers (this is called pedestrian
access). LEED encourages building near a variety of basic services, not just one type of service such as twelve clothing stores in a strip
mall. LEED provides examples of basic services as:
Bank
Church
Day care
Fire station
Salon
Hardware store
Library
Park
Pharmacy
Post office
Restaurant
School
Theatre / museum
Community center
Gym
18

Question 30:
Which of the following would not be included in local zoning or local code requirements?
A Minimum parking spaces
The quantity of parking required for a project is usually set by local zoning.
B Fire supression systems
Fire suppression if it is required would be set by local code. An example is an office building that would be required to have a fire
suppression system installed.
C Green power
Green power is generated off-site, and requiring its use in projects would not be part of local code. Perhaps it will in the future but
today it is not.
In LEED, green power refers to off-site generated renewable energy. Since the energy comes from offsite it would not impact the
building project or need to reference any zoning/codes for the project.
D Open space limits
Open space requirements are usually set by local zoning. For example if a lot is 2 acres local zoning may require preserving 0.5
acres as open space.
Notes: Reference: n/a
Zoning is a method of land use regulation used by local governments in most developed countries. Zoning may be use-based (regulating
the uses to which land may be put), or it may regulate building height, lot coverage, and similar characteristics, or some combination of
these.
Question 31:
What site features are included in the landscape area?
A Tree save area
Landscape area: the total site area less the building footprint, paved surfaces, water bodies, and patios. (USGBC)
The tree save area would be included in the landscape area. A tree save area is defined as any tree cover on the tract left
undisturbed. They are usually roped off to prevent trucks from driving in the area and people from accidentally cutting down the
trees.
B Open grid paved surfaces
Open grid pavement is a strategy for reducing heat islands and for stormwater control. Open-grid pavement is considered part of
the site hardscape.
C Neighboring green space property
The neighboring property is outside of the LEED project boundary.
D Parking lot with high albedo surfaces
Paved surfaces would be excluded.
19

Question 32:
What would having a project with pedestrian access between the project building and a city park help with?
A Access to mass transit
No mention of mass transit is included in the question, and access to a park wouldn't provide access to mass transit.
B Community connectivity
Pedestrian access to basic services such as a park help projects earn community connectivity.
C Increasing open space
City parks do not help LEED projects with open space requirements.
D Access to bicycle racks
Even if bicycle racks were available at the park, transportation reduction credits for LEED require bicycle racks on the project
property.
Question 33:
Which of the following are LEED strategies to reduce pollution caused by automobile transportation to the project site?
A Provide free parking to all occupants
Free parking encourages single occupant automobile use.
B Decrease the width of parking spots
This is not a LEED strategy.
C Provide discounted parking to anyone driving alternative fueled vehicles
Providing discounted parking passes to people who own/drive alternative fuel vehicles is a LEED strategy.
D Encourage street parking
This is not a LEED strategy.
20

Question 34:
What strategies are acceptable by LEED for reducing heat islands?
A Install no more parking than is required by local code
A reduced parking lot is a LEED strategy for curbing automobile use, not reducing heat islands.
Reducing the heat island effect involves shading hardscapes, using high SRI on hardscapes, or replacing hardscapes with open
grid pavement. The reduction is based on a percent of the hardscapes. Let's say its 50%. If there is 2 acre parking lot, shading 1
acre meets the 50%. If there is a 1 acre parking lot, shading 1/2 acre meets the 50%. If all that happens is changing a 2 acre
parking lot to a 1 acre parking lot, the 50% shreshold hasn't been met because reducing the quantity of hardscapes is not a LEED
strategy to earn the credit.
B Providing shade from tree canopies to open space areas
Hardscapes shaded by trees are a strategy to reduce the heat island effect. Open space shaded by trees does not.
C Locate the project in a non-dense area
While the project location may help the building's energy use, this is not a LEED strategy for reducing the heat island effect.
D Install an open-grid pavement system
For LEED purposes, open grid pavement is pavement that is less than 50% impervious and contains vegetation in the open cells.
Open-grid pavement consists of a thin, open-graded asphalt mix layered over the top of a coarse stone aggregate; water passes
through the asphalt surface and is stored in the aggregate, from which it slowly percolates into the soil. (USGBC)
The vegetation that can grow in open grid pavement helps reduce the heat island effect.
Question 35:
The installation of impervious parking materials with high SRI will have a negative impact on what project area?
A Stormwater runoff
Impervious materials increase stormwater runoff.
This is an example of a material that has a tradeoff. The material increases stormwater runoff but reduces the heat island effect.
B Heat island effect
The high SRI material will positively impact the heat island effect.
C Recycled materials
There would be no impact on recycled materials.
D Water use reduction
There would be no impact on water use.
21

Question 36:
What site and/or project characteristics would contribute to maximizing open space?
A Building on a previously developed site
This is part of site selection, not maximizing open space.
B Creating a narrow 10 story building instead of a wider 5 story building
Stacking the floor plans reduces the size of the building footprint. See SS Credit 5.2 Maximize Open Space
C Building on a Greenfield site
This is part of site selection, not maximizing open space.
D Building next door to a park
Building next door to a park does not count as maximizing open space, because the park would not be part of the LEED project
boundary.
Question 37:
What information is needed to determine if a product will help with the heat island effect of a non-roof surface?
A Life cycle costs of the material
The life cycle cost does not indicate if the material will reduce heat islands.
B SRI of the material
The heat island effect is created when developed areas have higher temperatures than surrounding rural areas. An urban heat
island effect is caused by sunlight heating up dark colored surfaces such as roads and rooftops. Huge quantities of heat are
generated in buildings that have dark rooftops and absorb heat rather than reflect it.
Many outdoor materials now come with the SRI value printed on the label so purchasers know how the product will impact the
urban heat island effect. The higher the SRI number the more solar heat the material can reflect. Black asphalt has an SRI of 0.
LEED defines solar reflectance as: A measure of the ability of a surface material to reflect sunlight-visible, infrared, and ultraviolet
wavelengths-on a scale of 0 to 1. Solar reflectance is also called albedo. Black paint has a solar reflectance of 0; white paint
(titanium dioxide) has a solar reflectance of 1.
LEED defines solar reflectance index (SRI) as: A measure of a material's ability to reject solar heat, as shown by a small
temperature rise. Standard black (reflectance 0.05, emittance 0.90) is 0 and a standard white (reflectance 0.80, emittance 0.90) is
100. For example, a standard black surface has a temperature rise of 90 degrees F (50 C) in full sun, and a standard white
surface has a temperature rise of 14.6 F (8.1 C). Once the maximum temperature rise of a given material has been computed, the
SRI can be computed by interpolating between the values for white and black.
C Emissivity of material
Project teams do not need the emittance of a material. They do need the SRI value because that is what is needed for the LEED
credits. The emittance of a material refers to its ability to release absorbed heat. Scientists use a number between 0 and 1, or 0%
22

and 100%, to express emittance. With the exception of metals, most construction materials have emittances above 0.85 (85%).
Emittance is used by manufacturers to calculate the SRI.
D Run-off coefficients for the material
Run-off coefficients are used for stormwater management.
Question 38:
Which of the following is not a strategy for reducing the heat island effect of a proposed parking lot?
A Placing the parking spaces under the building
Placing the parking underground would eliminate the parking lot.
B Painting the parking lot with a material with low SRI value
To reduce the heat island effect, cover the surface with materials that have a high (not low) SRI value.
C Planting trees that will provide shade
Shading the hardscapes prevent the sun from hitting the surface.
D Using open grid paving
Using an open-grid pavement system that is at least 50% pervious is also acceptable to reduce the heat island effect. Open grid
pavement allows for vegetation to grow in it. Vegetation reduces the heat island effect compared to pavement or other
hardscapes.
The question asks for what is not a strategy.
23

Question 39:
What area would not be considered previously developed?
A Old torn down steel mill
Any existing building lot is a previously developed area.
B Unoccupied big-box retail store
C Cotton field
Previously developed land has pre-existing paving, construction, or significantly altered landscapes. Land that has been altered
and turned into a natural use such as agricultural, forestry, or nature preservation does not count.
D Parking lot grown over into a field
A parking lot is a developed area.
Notes: Reference: LEED for Homes Glossary
Question 40:
An office park design includes a parking lot. How could the parking be redesigned to reduce the heat island effect?
A Place the parking underground
Moving a parking lot/spaces under the building is one way to reduce the heat island effect. This reduces the amount of impervious
area above ground.
B Designate preferred parking spaces
Adding preferred parking does not reduce the heat island effect.
C Encourage occupants to use public transportation one day a week
This is not a LEED strategy to reduce the heat island effect.
D Use black asphalt for the parking lot
This would increase the heat island effect.
24

Question 41:
Which of the following are not alternative fuel vehicles?
A Methanol powered truck
B Diesel powered car
See SS Credit 4.3
For LEED, alternative-fuel vehicles are defined as those vehicles that 'use fuels such as electricity, hydrogen, propane,
compressed natural gas, liquid natural gas, methanol, and ethanol. Efficient gas-electric hybrids are also included in this group.'
For LEED, low-emitting and fuel-efficient vehicles are defined as 'vehicles that are either classified as Zero Emission Vehicles
(ZEV) by the California Air Resources Board or have achieved a minimum green score of 40 on the American Council for an
Energy Efficient Economy (ACEEE) annual vehicle rating guide.'
Some diesel powered cars have a minimum green score of 40 from the ACEEE and qualify as low-emitting and fuel-efficient
vehicles. However these vehicles are not alternative fuel vehicles.
C Gas-electric hybrid
D Liquid natural gas powered van
Question 42:
What does the emissivity of a material refer to?
A The environmental benefits of the material over time
B The ratio of energy radiated by a particular material to energy radiated by a black body at the same temperature
The emissivity of a material is the ratio of energy radiated by a particular material to energy radiated by a black body at the same
temperature. It is a measure of a material's ability to radiate absorbed energy.
C How hot a surface would get relative to standard black and standard white surface
D Measure of a material's ability to reflect sunlight (including the visible, infrared, and ultraviolet wavelengths) on a scale of 0 to 1
25

Question 43:
What is the heat island effect?
A The increase in humidity in urban areas caused by stormwater runoff
B The reflection of heat in urban areas to the surrounding countryside
C The differences in air quality caused by the burning of fossil fuels
D The absorption of heat by dark surfaces and its radiation to surrounding areas
Refers to the absorption of heat by hardscapes, such as dark, nonreflective pavement and buildings, and its radiation to
surrounding areas. Particularly in urban areas, other sources may include vehicle exhaust, air-conditioners, and street equipment;
reduced airflow from tall buildings and narrow streets exacerbates the effect. (USGBC)
Question 44:
How can the heat island effect of a parking lot be reduced for LEED credit?
A Reduce the size of the parking lot
Reducing the size of the parking lot reduces the heat island effect but LEED does not measure the effect based on the total area
of hardscapes. The reduction is a percentage of shading, underground parking, or open grid pavement for the total area of the
hardscapes.
B Installing shaded parking covers that have low SRI values
Shaded parking covers would need high SRI values to help reduce the heat island effect.
C Installing asphalt that has a high SRI value
Any covering with a high SRI will help reduce the heat island effect.
D Installing pervious paving
Pervious paving helps with stormwater control.
E Orienting the building so that the building shades the parking lot from any afternoon sun
Shading with vegetation (trees) or architectural devices is acceptable but the shade must occur all day.
26

Question 45:
What strategies can earn LEED credit for reducing heat islands?
A Provide shade from architectural devices where the architectural devices are covered with materials with high SRI
Shade from architectural devices is an accepted strategy to reduce the heat island effect.
B Provide occupants free offsite parking
This is not a LEED strategy for any credit.
C Increase the amount of open space and plant it with native vegetation
While larger open spaces will reduce heat islands if hardscapes are reduced, this is not a strategy to meet the credit
requirements.
D Place parking spaces underground
Placing some of the parking underground will reduce the amount of hardscapes, such as the size of the parking lot. This can help
earn LEED credit for reducing heat islands.
E Use hardscape materials with high SRI
High SRI materials help reflect solar radiation thereby reducing the heat island effect.
Question 46:
What is a brownfield?
A A site without vegetation
B A site that may be contaminated with hazardous waste or pollution
A brownfield is 'real property whose use may be complicated by the presences or possible presence of a hazardous substance,
pollutant, or contaminant.' (USGBC)
Projects may get special deals on developing on these sites if the owner cleans them up first.
C A site that has been graded
D A site without grass
27

Question 47:
What is the best type of site to develop on?
A Greenfield
B Wetland
C Previously developed site
Selecting a previously developed site avoids disturbing natural areas that have not been developed.
D Nature preserve
Question 48:
Locating a project near mass transit would have what economic benefit?
A Greenfields would be protected
Protecting greenfields is one of the environmental goals of community connectivity.
B Habitat and natural resources would be preserved
Protecting habitat and natural resources is one of the environmental goals of community connectivity
C Parking capacity can be reduced
The parking capacity can be reduced which would reduce the amount of money spent on the parking structure or area.
D Transportation costs for material delivery would be reduced
Mass transit isn't used to deliver project materials to a site.
28

Question 49:
How can automobile use be reduced?
A Replacing the parking lot with underground parking
Moving the location of the parking from above to below ground does not reduce automobile use.
B Creating parking further from the building entrance
Does creating parking further from the building entrance stop you from driving a car? That would probably just make irritated
employees because they have to walk farther to get to the front door.
C Creating a ride share board
Reducing automobile use saves energy and reduces environmental issues associated with car pollution.
A LEED option to reduce parking capacity (and thus reduce the number of automobiles on the road) is to provide infrastructure
programs that increase carpooling such as ride share boards, shuttles to mass transit, and designated parking for carpools or
vanpools.
A ride share board makes it easier to carpool.
D Providing incentives for purchasing fuel efficient vehicles.
Does providing incentives for fuel efficient cars reduce automobile use? No, because if you were given an electric car that does
not stop or reduce your driving. It does decrease emissions because you are not driving your old gas powered car, but it doesn't
reduce your driving miles.
Question 50:
For a single building commercial project that is not part of a multi-building project, increasing the amount of open space a project has would
impact the:
A Size of the LEED boundary
Altering the size of the open space does not change the LEED boundary.
B Quantity of rainwater available for irrigation
The same amount of rain is going to fall from the sky regardless of what's on the property.
C Community connectivity
Community connectivity would not change.
D Size of the area to plant native vegetation
Increasing the open space would impact the size of the area to plant any vegetation, including native.
Increasing open space helps provide habitat for vegetation and wildlife, stormwater control, and reducing the urban heat island
effect.
29

Question 51:
Average housing density is defined as:
A Housing Units / Acres of Buildable Land
The LEED definition of average housing density is defined as Housing Units / Acres of Buildable Land.
B Housing Units / 120,000 sq. ft.
C Square Footage of Housing Units / Acres of Buildable Land
D Square Footage of Housing Units / 120,000 sq. ft.
Notes: Reference: LEED for Homes Rating System
Question 52:
A project team has selected a previously developed lot in an urban area to build a new condominium. If the project site is near a public park
what would this help with?
A Reducing the heat island effect
The choice of site does not reduce the heat island effect.
B Increasing open space
Public parks do not contribute to open space for LEED projects. Open space is a measurement of the open space within the
LEED boundary.
A public park is a basic service.
Community connectivity is the quantity of connection between a site and the surrounding community. It is measured by
pedestrian access to housing basic services such as restaurants, post offices, hospitals, libraries, etc.
D Increasing the development density
A public park does not increase development density.
30

Question 53:
What information is needed to calculate the SRI of a material?
A Thermal gradient
This is outside the scope of LEED. Thermal gradient is the rate of temperature change with distance; for example, its increase
with depth below the surface of the earth.
B Reflectance
C Thickness of the material
The thickness of a material is not part of the SRI calculation.
D Emissivity
Solar Reflectance Index (SRI) is a measure of how well a material rejects solar heat. SRI is a value that incorporates both solar reflectance
(albedo) and emittance in a single value to represent a material's temperature in the sun. SRI quantifies how hot a surface would get
relative to standard black and standard white surfaces. It is expressed as a fraction (0.0 to 1.0) or percentage (0% to 100%). Materials with
the highest SRI values are the coolest choices for paving.
The higher the SRI number the more the sunlight the material can reflect. Black asphalt has an SRI of 0.
Question 54:
What is the benefit of selecting a project site near mass transit?
A To protect greenfields
Community connectivity and development density help with protecting greenfields.
B To reduce airborne dust generation
Protecting the construction site helps reduce airborne dust generation during the construction process.
C To reduce pollution from automobile use
Access to public transpiration (mass transit) helps with reducing automobile use for the LEED Rating System.
D To reduce impervious cover
Reducing impervious cover helps with stormwater management.
31

Question 55:
What does the use of light colored pervious paving help with?
A Durability
Pervious paving is not necessarily more durable than regular paving.
Light colored paving, or paving with a high SRI value, helps reduce the heat island effect.
Pervious paving helps with reducing stormwater runoff by allowing stormwater to percolate through the pavement.
C Construction waste management
This is not correct.
D Irrigation
Don't confuse pervious paving with irrigation demand. Pervious paving can help with stormwater runoff but doesn't reduce water
use for irrigation.
Question 56:
What is a way LEED encourages the purchase and use of low-emitting and fuel-efficient vehicles?
A Implementing car share membership
This helps with mass transit.
B Setting up a carpool notification system
This helps with mass transit.
C Providing discounted parking passes, if parking fees exist
Discounted parking passes given to the owners of these vehicles may encourage their purchase by offsetting any parking costs.
D Locating the project in a densely developed neighborhood
Locating the project in a densely developed neighborhood helps channel development to urban areas with existing infrastructure,
protect greenfields and preserver habitat and natural resources.
32

Question 57:
When project team members discuss the albedo of a product, to what are they referring?
A Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) content
VOCs are compounds in building materials that can off gas and contribute to poor indoor air quality.
B Emissivity
(USGBC)
C Recycled content
Recycled content is a the percent of a material that contains pre or post consumer recycled materials.
D Solar reflectance
Solar Reflectence (Albedo) is: 'A measure of a material's ability to reject solar heat, as shown by a small temperature rise.
Standard black (reflectance 0.05, emittance 0.90) is 0 and a standard white (reflectance 0.80, emittance 0.90) is 100. For
example, a standard black surface has a temperature rise of 90 degrees F (50 degrees C) in full sun, and a standard white
surface has a temperature rise of 14.6 degrees F (8.1 degrees C).
Once the maximum temperature rise of a given material has been computed, the SRI can be computed by interpolating between
the values for white and black.'
Question 58:
What helps reduce urban sprawl?
A Designing buildings that use durable materials
Using durable materials helps reduce the demand for virgin resources over the long term lifetime of a building.
B Providing pedestrian access
Providing pedestrian access is a way to keep automobiles off the road.
Urban sprawl means that cities are no longer compact but are spread out. This can increase commute times. People moving
further from city centers to purchase houses contributes to sprawl but sprawl does not increase home prices. Urban sprawl
actually discourages urban renewal as old buildings and areas are not redeveloped.
Development density and community connectivity help to reduce urban sprawl.
D Reducing the heat island effect
Reducing the heat island effect helps make the surrounding areas cooler.
33

Question 59:
The energy consumed per unit of floor space is on average what percent lower in green buildings compared to traditional buildings?
A 11%
B 24%
A study from the New Buildings Institute found the average savings in energy use intensities to be 24% lower when comparing
green building to conventional buildings.
C 10%
D 20%
Question 60:
What refers to the relationship between the total building floor area and the allowable land area the building can cover?
A Floor area ratio
The floor-to-area ratio is the relationship between the total building floor area and the allowable land area the building can cover.
In green building having a smaller building footprint (building up and having a taller building) is better than having a shorter, wider
building (building out) because the smaller building footprint will have less of an impact on the surrounding environment. This can
preserve green spaces and natural ecosystems.
Floor area ratio and floor-to-area ratio are two terms for the same thing. In the LEED GA exam objective the term is listed as floor
area ratio, while USGBC provides the definition for floor-to-area-ratio.
B Site area
Site area includes the total area within the project boundary defined as both constructed and non-constructed areas.
D Development footprint
Development footprint is the area of the project site that has been disturbed for development. This area includes the building
footprint, hardscapes, and parking lots.
34

Question 61:
Which vehicle is not considered an alternative-fuel vehicle?
A Electric car
B Gas powered Honda that has achieved a Green Score of 40
A green score of 40 does not imply a fuel efficiency of 40 mpg or more or that the car is powered with alternative fuel. In fact most
cars that are eligible for LEED don't come anywhere close to that. The score is based on emissions not on fuel efficiency. For a
complete list look at:
C Efficient gas-electric hybrid
D Natural gas powered car
Notes: Reference: GreenerCars website
Alternative-fuel vehicles use nongasoline fuels such as:
electricity
hydrogen
propane
compressed natural gas
liquied natural gas
methanol
ethanol
efficient gas-electric hybrids
Hybrid vehicles such as the Toyota Prius are not, of themselves, alternative fuel vehicles - clever use of a battery, motor/generator, merely
means that a more efficient but less powerful engine can be used. Essentially all the power comes from petroleum.
For LEED, low-emitting and fuel-efficient vehicles are defined as vehicles that are either classified as Zero Emission Vehicles (ZEV) by the
California Air Resources Board or have achieved a minimum green score of 40 on the American Council for an Energy Efficient Economy
(ACEEE) annual vehicle rating guide.
Question 62:
What area is NOT considered previously developed?
A Nature preserve
and turned into a natural use such as agricultural, forestry, or nature preservation can no longer count as previously developed.
B Racetrack
A race track is an altered landscape.
C Stone quarry
A stone quarry is an altered landscape.
D Unused parking lot
A parking lot has paving on it and would be considered previously developed.
35

Question 63:
What encourages the purchase and use of low-emitting and fuel-efficient vehicles?
A Providing preferred parking for those vehicles
Preferred parking (parking closest to the building) for fuel-efficient vehicles promotes their purchase.
Preferred parking is a strategy by LEED to reduce automobile use.
Preferred parking spaces are parking spaces that are closest to the main entrance of a project, but they do not include
handicapped parking. Other forms of preferred parking include discounted parking passes, designated covered spaces, and
guaranteed passes in a lottery system.
B Locating the project in a dense neighborhood
This is not a LEED strategy to encourage the purchase and use of low-emitting and fuel-efficient vehicles.
C Designing the project to be mixed-use
D Providing solar car ports
Question 64:
Which of the following can increase the heat island effect in urban areas?
A Underground parking
Underground parking is a LEED strategy to reduce the heat island effect because it reduces the need for paved parking surfaces
exposed to the sun.
B Reduced air flow from tall buildings and narrow streets
The primary cause of the heat island effect is dark surfaces such as rooftops or dark asphalt pavement that absorb heat and
radiate it into the surrounding areas.
Reduced air flow between buildings and narrow streets also increases the effect.
Other causes of the heat island effect include air-conditioners, vehicle exhaust, and street equipment.
C Large areas of turf grass

Any type of vegetation will help reduce the heat island effect. Plants absorb the heat and do not radiate it.
D Hardscapes shaded by trees
Hardscapes shaded by trees is a strategy to reduce the heat island effect.
Question 65:
36

What term also means site area?
A Building lot
This is not a LEED defined term.
B Development footprint
The development footprint is the area of the project site that has been disturbed for development. This area includes the building
footprint, hardscapes, and parking lots.
C Building footprint
The building footprint is the area of the building as defined by the perimeter of the structure. Parking lots, walk ways, and
landscaping are not included.
D Property area
The intent of this question is for you to learn about how LEED defines different areas of the project. While other definitions may
exist the exam will test on how LEED defines these areas and not on personal experience or if students think the definition is
correct or not.
Site area is defined as: 'The total area within the project boundary of the applicant building, and includes all areas of the property,
both constructed areas and nonconstructed areas. The open space of the site area is the portion not covered by the building
footprint.'
Notes:
Question 66:
Developments located within walking distance of basic services reduce:
A Water use
Water use is affected by irrigation practices and fixture/fitting types.
B Air pollution
Development density and community connectivity help reduce the impacts of automobiles, which include air pollution and
greenhouse gas emissions.
C Sedimentation of nearby water bodies
Erosion control, stormwater control, and landscape design reduce sedimentation.
D Greenhouse gas emissions
Development density and community connectivity help reduce the impacts of automobiles, which include air pollution and
greenhouse gas emissions.
37

Notes:
Reference: n/a
Question 67:
Why choose a project site with a high development density?
A The project would have access to public parking
A dense development does not mean public parking will be available.
B The project would reduce sprawl
Development density and community connectivity help to reduce urban sprawl.
C The project would have access to at least 10 basic services
Development density does not mean access to a given number of basic services. Development density is the measure of how
much development exists in a given area. The more dense the development, the less sprawl there is (usually).
D The project site would be near a public rail line
Dense development does not mean proximity to public transportation will exist. Some cities have very poor public transportation
systems despite having dense developments.
Notes:
Reference: LEED 2009 for New Construction and Major Renovations Rating System
Question 68:
A building has a parking garage with a total size of 100,000 SF. The parking garage has five levels of equal size. What is the parking
footprint?
A 20,000 SF
Parking footprint refers to the area of the project site occupied by the parking areas and structures - since the garage has 5 levels
of equal size, the site area taken up by the parking garage is 20,000 SF.
The parking garage has a total size of 100,000 SF. There are 5 floors. 100,000 divided by 5 = 20,000 SF per floor. The parking
footprint is 20,000 SF.
B 50,000 SF
C 100,000 SF
38

D 10,000 SF
Notes:
Question 69:
Open space that would count for a LEED project must be located:
A Within 1/2 mile radius of the project
Open space for the project does not count if it is part of the surrounding community.
B Within the property boundary
The property boundary is the total area within the legal property boundaries of the site; it encompasses all areas of the site,
including constructed and nonconstructed areas. (USGBC)
Only open space that is part of the LEED boundary would be counted.
C Within the project boundary
The project boundary is the platted property line of the project defining land and water within it. (USGBC)
Only open space that is part of the LEED boundary would be counted.
D Within the LEED boundary
The open space must be in the LEED boundary.

The LEED boundary is the portion of the project site submitted for LEED certification. (USGBC)
For single building developments, this is the entire project scope and is generally limited to the site boundary - they are not
necessarily the same thing.
Notes:
Question 70:
What urban area is a best choice for a LEED project?
A Areas with zero development density
Projects cannot earn credits for building in areas with zero densities.
B Areas with a high development density
39

C Areas with low development density
Projects cannot earn credits for building in areas with low densities.
D Areas that are not previously developed
Projects cannot earn credits for building on lots that are not previously developed.
Notes:
Choosing urban areas that are previously developed with high development densities can earn LEED credit.
Question 71:
A site described as accessible means the site meets the requirements of which standard?
A GBCI
B ADA
ADA stands for Americans with Disabilities Act.
Accessible describes a site, building, facility, or portion thereof that complies with the guidelines outlined in the ADA Standards for
Accessible Design.
C USGBC
D AIA
Question 72:
A project will include underground parking. This change can have a positive impact on what issue?
A Heat island effect
The heat island effect would be reduced because the parking has been moved underground.
Underground parking is unrelated to community connectivity.
C Parking capacity
The parking capacity would remain unchanged.
40

D Pedestrian access
Pedestrian access to the surrounding buildings and services would not be affected.
Notes:
Question 73:
What defines the open space of a site area if there is no local zoning?
A Constructed area of the project boundary
B Property area minus the development footprint
open space.
Open space must be vegetated and pervious.
C Unconstructed area of the project boundary
D Total area within the project boundary of the applicant building
Notes:
Question 74:
Which of the following are LEED strategies to reduce single occupant automobile transportation to the project site?
A Increase the building density
Increasing the building density does not address how occupants commute.
B Designate preferred parking spaces for carpools
Providing preferred parking for carpools is a LEED strategy to get more occupants to carpool.
C Locate the project in a suburban area
This would probably put the project further away from mass transit and increase automobile use.
D Build the project on a brownfield
Brownfields are contaminated sites. They may or may not be located in densely populated areas.
Notes:
41

Reference: Green Building & LEED Core Concepts Guide
Question 75:
Gray or white concrete generally have a _________ reflectance and a ________ SRI value.
A higher, lower
B lower, lower
C higher, higher
Solar Reflectance Index (SRI): a value that incorporates both solar reflectance and emittance in a single value to represent a
material's temperature in the sun. SRI quantifies how hot a surface would get relative to standard black and standard white
surfaces. It is expressed as a fraction (0.0 to 1.0) or percentage (0% to 100%). Materials with the highest SRI values are the
coolest choices for paving.
Dark paving materials generally have a low reflectance and low SRI.
Gray/white paving materials generally have a higher reflectance and a higher SRI value.
D lower, higher
Notes:
To reduce the heat island effect cover the surface with materials that have a high (not low) SRI value.
Question 76:
Which of the following are LEED strategies to reduce pollution caused by automobile transportation to the project site?
A Choose a redevelopment site in an urban area
While it is possible an urban location may have access to mass transit, redevelopment is not a strategy that earns LEED credit for
reducing single occupant drivers. Many urban areas have little or no mass transit systems.
B Install vegetation around the parking areas
While plants absorb CO2, this is not a LEED strategy for reducing the pollution from automobiles.
C Provide an alternative refueling station on site
An alternative refueling station is a LEED strategy to reduce the pollution from automobile use. The station is intended to promote
the use of alternative fueled vehicles which emit less pollution.
D Design underground or shaded parking spaces
Underground parking/shaded parking does not address the quantity of parking spaces. Having limited parking is supposed to
discourage people from driving alone to work because they will not be able to find a convenient parking spot which is supposed to
42

get them to think about alternative ways to get to work.
Notes:
Question 77:
What are heat islands?
A Air and surface temperature differences between developed and undeveloped areas
Heat islands are air and surface temperature differences between developed and undeveloped areas.
B Reflection of heat by high albedo surfaces
C Surfaces with an imperviousness of 50% or more
D An environmental issue that causes ozone depletion
Notes:
Question 78:
What is a footcandle?
A The ratio of the radiation emitted by a surface to the radiation emitted by a black body at the same temperature.
This is the definition of emissivity.
B Measure of a surface's ability to reflect solar heat
This is solar reflectance.
C The amount of liquid a material can pass through
This is a material's perviousness.
D Measure of the quantity of light falling on a given surface
43

A footcandle is the measure of the quantity of light falling on a given surface. Minimizing foot candles helps reduce light pollution
which helps nocturnal wildlife and preserve nighttime views of the sky.
Notes:
While the definition is not present in the reference, the term is.
Question 79:
Locating a project site near an existing development has what economic benefit?
A Leveraging existing infrastructure
A project site that is near an existing site can reduce the amount of infrastructure that needs to be installed, thereby reducing land
disturbance and reducing materials use. Consider a building located 100 yards from the nearest development compared to one
located 1,000 yards from the nearest development. Less stormwater lines, sewage lines, roads, etc. would be needed.
B Reduced heat islands
This is environmental benefit since fewer roads would be needed.
C Increased open space
D Reduced impervious surfaces
Notes:
Reference: n/a
Question 80:
What site and/or project characteristics would contribute to maximizing open space?
A Clustering the parts of the development
Clustering the development reduces the expanse of hardscapes (roads, walkways, parking lots) from the property.
B Installing high albedo paving
This would help reduce the heat island effect.
C Planting non-invasive plants
44

The type of plant used in landscaping does not impact the quantity of open space.
D Developing a soil and erosion management plan
This strategy would protect the surrounding area from erosion and stormwater runoff.
Notes:
For the purposes of LEED, open space is the property area minus the development footprint, when local zoning does not define open
space.
Question 81:
A project team has decided to shrink the building footprint. This change can have a positive impact on what project area?
A Parking capacity
B Pedestrian access
C Open space
Reducing the size of the building footprint may allow for more open space (fields, grasslands, landscaping, etc.)
open space.
D Car pool parking
Question 82:
What is albedo?
A Measure of a refrigerant's ozone depletion potential
B Measure of a plant's drought tolerance
C Measure of a material's imperviousness
45

D Measure of a material's ability to reflect sunlight on a scale of 0 to 1
value represents total reflectivity.
Notes:
Question 83:
What is a benefit of increasing the quantity of open space on a project?
A Increased durability of the overall project
There is no correlation between open space and durability.
B Reduced need for pest control
Increasing open space could increase the quantity of pests on the property.
C Increasing stormwater infiltration
effect.
D Reducing potable water use
More open space may increase water needs due to an increase in landscape size.
Notes:
Reference: n/a
Question 84:
What does LEED accept as part of a building design to qualify as open space for projects in urban areas?
A Vegetated (green) roofs
A vegetated roof may count as open space for projects in urban areas.
B Balconies
Balconies are not considered open space.
C Higher density buildings
Higher density buildings do not contribute to open space requirements.
46

D Shaded parking lots
Shaded parking lots are not considered open space.
Notes:
Question 85:
What would qualify as preferred parking for LEED?
A Visitor drop-off areas
B Delivery truck parking
C Providing discounted parking passes for low-emitting and fuel efficient vehicles
Preferred parking spaces are for particular users and are parking spaces that are closest to the main entrance of a project. They
do not include handicapped parking. For LEED, other forms of preferred parking include discounted parking passes, designated
covered spaces, and guaranteed passes in a lottery system.
Preferred parking is a strategy by LEED to reduce the pollution from automobiles. Preferred parking is reserved for carpools,
vanpools, and occupants who drive low-emitting and fuel efficient vehicles. Each of these drivers help reduce automobile use
and/or emissions.
LEED allows providing discounted parking passes to owners of low-emitting and fuel-efficient vehicles. The discounted passes
may help to encourage the purchase of these vehicles that are better for the environment.
D Bicycle parking
Notes:
Question 86:
Which of the following do not contribute to increasing the heat island effect in urban areas?
A Absorption of heat by hardscapes and its radiation to surrounding areas
radiate it into the surrounding areas.
B Bioretention ponds
Bio-retention ponds are landscape features that help control rainwater runoff. They are commonly called rain gardens.
LEED does not consider any type of water body or landscape feature as something that contributes to the heat island effect.
C Open grid pavement
47

Open grid pavement is a strategy LEED accepts to reduce heat islands. Open grid pavement has cells in it to allow vegetation to
grow.
D Vehicle exhaust
Reduced air flow between buildings and narrow streets increases the effect.
Notes:
Reference: n/a
Question 87:
What area is included in the building footprint?
A Ponds
B Parking lots made with permeable concrete
C Area of the building structure
The area of the site occupied by the building structure, not including parking lots, landscapes, and other nonbuilding facilities.
D Stone walkways
Notes:
Question 88:
What are ways to reduce water pollution from stormwater runoff?
A Rain gardens
A rain garden is used to capture stormwater runoff.
B Increasing the building footprint
Increasing the building footprint reduces the quantity of open space. By decreasing open space stormwater runoff can be
increased since there is less natural area to absorb runoff.
C Impervious concrete hardscapes
Impervious materials increase stormwater runoff, as does increasing the size of the building footprint.
D Open grid paving
Open grid paving and pervious surfaces allow stormwater to percolate through the surface instead of running off.
Question 89:
48

Which of the following term's definition varies by state and local code?
A Graywater
Graywater is defined by the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC) as untreated house-hold wastewater which has not come into contact
with toilet waste or kitchen sinks.
Some states and local codes have other definitions.
Graywater is an important part of the LEED process, and knowing how it is defined by state/local code is a critical first step in predesign, if graywater is a consideration for the project. The intent is to learn that what graywater is varies from place to place.
B Climate change
C Heat island
D Greenfield
Notes:
Question 90:
What would contribute to community connectivity?
A A site with pedestrian access between basic services
B A site near a restaurant
C A site near mass transit
Access to public transpiration (mass transit) helps with reducing automobile use in the LEED Rating System, however picking a
site near mass transit does not help earn the community connectivity credit.
D A site near public parking
A parking lot or parking garage is not defined by LEED as a service. A public park is defined by LEED as a basic service.
Notes:
Community connectivity channels development to urban areas with existing infrastructure. This includes areas with walkways and areas
near basic services.
49

Basic services are those services that are open to the public, and are common services that people might use regularly. People must be
able to walk between the project and the service without being blocked by walls, highways, or other barriers (this is called pedestrian
access). LEED encourages building near a variety of basic services, not just one type of service such as twelve clothing stores in a strip
mall. LEED provides examples of basic services as:
Bank
Church
Day care
Fire station
Salon
Hardware store
Library
Park
Pharmacy
Post office
Restaurant
School
Theatre / museum
Community center
Gym
Question 91:
Placing a project's parking underground would help with what LEED credit?
A Heat island effect
Moving parking spaces underground reduces the quantity of hardscapes above ground. Less hardscapes result in lessening the
heat island effect.
B Preferred parking
Preferred parking is not itself a LEED credit. Preferred parking is a requirement for some credits.
C Recycled materials
Recycled materials and parking location are not related.
D Parking capacity
Moving parking underground doesn't change the capacity.
Notes:
Question 92:
What aspect of a local community would be of most interest to a project team?
50

A Proximity to green power
This would not be the most important question about the local community.
B Distance from the landfill
This would not be the most important question about the local community.
C Pedestrian access
Pedestrian access may be of interest to the project team. The question is asking about what is of most interest. For LEED
pedestrian access impacts one credit while local zoning impacts many LEED credits.
D Local zoning
Notes:
This question is teaching you about zoning if you are not familiar with that term.
The zoning regulations should always be one of the first things reviewed. Per the MPRs, zoning would fall under MPR 1, Environmental
Laws.
Zoning regulations need to be reviewed during pre-design because they have a significant impact on the green building goals and
strategies used.
If you were planning an office building, or a condominium project, what would be the first question you would ask about a particular piece of
property? 'Can I put an office building here?'. If the land is in the middle of a bunch of houses, the answer is probably not because people
in residential neighborhoods don't really like having a skyscraper in the middle of their neighborhood. You wouldn't first ask, how far away
is the nearest landfill, or can we get green power, or are there sidewalks. The first question is how can the land be used, as determined by
the local zoning regulations.
Question 93:
What is the goal of providing secure bicycle storage?
A To increase the life cycle of bicycles
B To keep bicycles dry
C To prevent theft
Secure storage is any method or methods that prevent theft
D To meet local regulations
Notes:
Question 94:
51

What two terms mean the same thing?
A Albedo
See Solar Reflectance.
B Heat island
radiate it into the surrounding areas. Other causes of the heat island effect include air-conditioners, vehicle exhaust, and street
equipment. Reduced air flow between buildings and narrow streets increases the effect. (USGBC)
C SRI
Solar Reflectance Index (SRI): a measure of how well a material rejects solar heat. SRI is a value that incorporates both solar
reflectance (albedo) and emittance in a single value to represent a material's temperature in the sun. SRI quantifies how hot a
surface would get relative to standard black and standard white surfaces. It is expressed as a fraction (0.0 to 1.0) or percentage
(0% to 100%). Materials with the highest SRI values are the coolest choices for paving.
D Emissivity
E Solar reflectance
value represents total reflectivity.
Notes:
Question 95:
What would NOT qualify as a previously developed site?
A Lot where there used to be a road
A site that had a road would be previously developed.
B Greenfield lot donated to the city
Greenfields are sites that have not been developed or graded and that could support open space, habitat, or agriculture.
(USGBC)
52

C Lot reseeded with native grasses
A lot that has been altered by humans may be considered previously developed.
D Lot that was recently graded
A lot that has been graded is previously developed.
Notes:
Reference: LEED for Homes glossary
Previously developed sites are sites that once had buildings, roadways, parking lots, or were graded or otherwise altered by direct human
activities. (USGBC)
Question 96:
A project that builds on a greenfield has selected what type of site?
A A site that wasn't previously graded
B A site that has native vegetation on it
A greenfield doesn't necessarily have native vegetation on it.
C A site located near mass transit
A greenfield site selection doesn't guarantee the site is near mass transit.
D A site with community connectivity
A greenfield site selection doesn't guarantee community connectivity. Community connectivity is usually found in urban areas.
Notes:
Question 97:
To be classified as fuel-efficient, a vehicle might meet which of the following standards?
A Green Label
Green Label is a certification used to indicate if carpet cushion has low VOC content.
53

B ACEEE Green score
The California Air Resources Board (CARB) defines Zero-Emission Vehicles (ZEV's) and the American Council for an Energy
Efficient Economy (ACEEE) submits green scores (a minimum of 40 is required for LEED).
C Green Seal score
Green Seal is label used to indicate if paint contains low VOC content.
D Green-e
Off-site renewable energy must come from renewable resources that meet the Green-e certification requirements as defined by
the Center for Resource Solutions.
Notes:
Question 98:
What types of land does LEED prefer project teams build on?
A Greenfields
B Floodplains
LEED does not award points for building in floodplains.
C Farmland
LEED does not award points for building on farmland.
D Brownfields
Brownfields are previously used or developed land that may be contaminated with hazardous substances or pollutants.
LEED credit can be earned for projects that remediate the site and build on it.
Notes:
Question 99:
What type of land is NOT considered previously developed?
A Farmland
54

B Tree mill
A tree mill would have an altered landscape.
C Graded site that has grown over with grass
A site that has been graded is previously developed.
D Site of an old drive-in theatre
Because the site has a structure on it the site would be considered previously developed.
Notes:
Question 100:
Which of the following statements are true?
A Using reflective materials on parking areas will help reduce the heat island effect
Reflective materials such as materials with a high Solar Reflective Index (SRI) help reduce the heat island effect.
B Installing salvaged bicycle racks will help with community connectivity
Bicycle racks do not help with community connectivity.
C Using regional materials will help with construction waste management
Selecting materials from nearby does not help earn credit for construction waste management.
D Installing salvaged windows will help save energy
Projects should not install salvaged windows or toilets because these materials are not as efficient as newer products.
Notes:
Reference: n/a
Question 101:
What is the average housing density of a high density development area?
A 15 or more dwelling units per acre of buildable land
55

B 7 or more dwelling units per acre of buildable land
C 10 or more dwelling units per acre of buildable land
See Compact Development.

For residential areas, ten or more dwelling units per acre of buildable land qualify as high density.
Seven or more is moderate density, while 20 or more is very high density.
D 20 or more dwelling units per acre of buildable land
Notes:
Reference: LEED for Homes Rating System
Question 102:
A density radius calculation would be used for what purpose?
A To identify distance to mass transit
Mass transit is identified by using a map and measuring the walking distance to the transit.
B To locate basic services near a project site
Basic services are identified by drawing a 1/2 mile circle around a project site on a map.
C To identify any building near the project site to include in project density calculations
The density radius is calculated using a formula provided by LEED. Any building within the radius is included in the calculations to
determine the average density of the area. Projects are awarded credit for building within dense areas. Public roads and
waterways are excluded from the calculations.
D To locate parks near the project that can be counted as open space
Open space not within the project boundary is not counted as open space for the project.
Notes:
Question 103:
Which of the following does not help reduce the non-roof heat island effect?
56

A Placing parking under cover
Placing parking under cover is an accepted strategy by LEED for reducing the heat island effect.
B Increasing the number of above ground parking spaces
Increasing the number of parking spaces above ground would increase the heat island effect.
C Using paving materials with high SRI values
Materials with high SRI values reduce the heat island effect by reflecting solar radiation rather than absorbing it.
D Planting large non-native trees for shading
Shading hardscapes is an accepted strategy by LEED for reducing the heat island effect.
Notes:
Question 104:
What are the economic benefits of installing a vegetated roof?
A Lower cooling costs for HVAC
Vegetated roofs are great insulators. They act as a barrier between the sun's heat and keep that heat from entering the building
through the roof. Because of this added insulation the costs to cool the building can be reduced.
B Provides occupants a connection to the outdoors
This is a social benefit, as part of the triple bottom line.
C Lower investment cost compared to roof surfaces with high SRI
Vegetated roofs will have a higher upfront cost compared to a roof that is just having a white/light membrane or paint applied to it.
D Increased habitat for birds
Vegetated roofs provide habitat for birds and insects. This is an environmental benefit.
Notes:
Reference: n/a
57

Question 105:
What site features are included in the landscape area?
A The building
B Paved bicycled path
C Walkway made of recycled rubber tires
D Area with invasive plants
The landscape area of the site is the total site area less the building footprint, hardscape area, water bodies, etc.
The question asked what areas are included. Any area that has plants must be included, whether the plants are invasive or not.
Even though the area includes invasive plants which are undesirable, they must still be included in the calculation. Invasive plants
should be removed from the landscape if possible.
Notes:
Question 106:
What type of plants should be used on a green roof?
A Tall plants that provide shade
B Plants with high watering needs
C Native plants
D Plants that require heavy fertilization
Notes:
The vegetation for a green roof should use native plants, just like the rest of the project landscape.
Native plants are those that grow naturally in an area, or that have been in an area for many years. Native plants require less water,
fertilizer, and pest control. These plants can be trees, shrubs, flowers, or grasses. Adaptive plants are non-native plants that perform well in
the local climate. Native and adaptive plants require less water, and are more disease resistant because they are suited to the region's
usual rainfall, soil, and temperature.
Green roofs help reduce heat islands. They also help provide greater insulation of the roof to reduce energy consumption, and they have a
longer life-cycle than traditional roofs.
58

Question 107:
If a project is not located near mass transit, what might the team do to help reduce automobile use for LEED certification?
A Provide a shuttle to mass transit
See SS Credit 4.4

Providing a shuttle to mass transit when it is not within convenient distance of the project is a recommended strategy in LEED.
Petitioning may or may not be successful. Telecommuting would be another option.
B Petition community board for additional transit lines
C Nothing can be done
D Require employees to use mass transit
Notes:
Question 108:
What is an environmental benefit of increasing the quantity of open space on a project?
A A reduction in the LEED boundary
The LEED boundary would not change.
B A reduction in groundwater recharge
The groundwater recharge should increase - not decrease - because there would be more pervious surfaces.
C More habitat for vegetation and wildlife
effect.
D Protection of the site from landslides and floods
This would be an economic benefit not an environmental benefit.
Notes:
Reference: n/a
59

Question 109:
What type of program is Zipcar?
A Car share membership program
B Preferred parking program
C An alternative vehicle refueling program
D Car pooling program
Notes:
Car sharing is an alternative to car rental and car ownership. Cars are located throughout cities in convenient locations. People who sign
up for the program can reserve the cars and use them for a short period of time. See zipcar.com for an example.
Question 110:
A project site contaminated with hazardous substances is called a:
A Endangered site
There are no endangered sites. There are sites that are home to endangered species.
B Dense site
Development density is not related to contamination.
C Brownfield
Brownfields are previously used or developed land that may be contaminated with hazardous substances or pollutants.
LEED credit can be earned for projects that remediate the site and build on it.
D EPA Superfund site
Superfund is the federal government's program to clean up the nation's uncontrolled hazardous waste sites. LEED does not
reference Superfund.
Notes:
60

Question 111:
Which of the following are benefits of community connectivity?
A Protection of undeveloped land
Community connectivity channels development to urban areas where existing infrastructure already exists, and avoids building on
undeveloped land.
In the reference guides the intent of Development Density and Community Connectivity is:
To channel development to urban areas with existing infrastructure, protect greenfields and preserve habitat and natural
resources.'
Protecting greenfields = protecting undeveloped land
Access to public transportation helps with reducing automobile use in the LEED Rating System, however access to public
transportationit is not part of the community connectivity credit. While it is true that locating a project in a downtown area
would provide access to public transportation, this is not the intent of community connectivity as defined by LEED.
B Reduction of heat islands
C More lenient zoning rules

D Increased availability of stormwater
Question 112:
What area would not be considered previously developed?
A Railroad yard
Any area with previous development even if it did not contain a building is considered previously developed.
B Site of an old barn
C Abandoned urban parking lot
D Wetland
A wetland would not have a building on it, so it would not be considered previously developed.
Notes: Reference: LEED for Homes Glossary
61

Question 113:
What would the drawing of a 1/2 mile radius around a project on a site map help the project team determine?
A Proximity to public transportation
Access to public transportation is determined by measuring walking distance to the transit stop.
B Proximity to off-site renewable energy
Off-site renewable energy can be purchased from anywhere and is not limited by distance or a radius around the project site.
C Proximity to open space
Open space is part of the project site, not around it.
D Proximity to basic services
This activity is how project teams determine basic services for community connectivity.
Question 114:
A vehicle meeting which standard would be considered low-emitting and fuel efficient?
A
Green-e Certified
Green-e is a program established to promote green electricity products and provide consumers with a nationally recognized
method to identify those products.
SCAQMD air quality standards

SCAQMD is an air pollution control agency.
EPA Transportation and Air Quality standard

This is not correct.
Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) by the California Air Resources Board

Vehicles must be classified as a Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) by the California Air Resources Board or have a green score of 40
or more from the ACEEE annual vehicle rating guide.
The LEED Credit is named Low-Emitting and Fuel-Efficient Vehicles and ZEVs qualify under that credit. The question doesn't ask
about Zero-Emitting and Fuel-Efficient Vehicles because there is no LEED credit by that name.
Notes:
62

Question 115:
Which of the following are LEED strategies to reduce single occupant automobile transportation to the project site?
A Locate the project near existing development
Locating the project near existing development helps reduce infrastructure needs.
B Have a lack of parking spaces at the site
This is an actual LEED strategy, like it or not. Having limited parking is supposed to discourage people from driving alone to work
because they will not be able to find a convenient parking spot which is supposed to get them to think about alternative ways to
get to work.
Projects can limit parking by only installing enough parking as required by local code. For example if local code requires 20
spaces, the project limits the parking installing 20 spaces and not any extra spaces.
C Decreasing the LEED boundary
The project boundary has nothing to do with automobile use.
D Size the parking to accommodate peak visitor use
Parking should be sized to the minimum required by local zoning to earn LEED credit.
Question 116:
Which of the following are counted as part of the buildable land area?
A Areas with trees
Areas with trees are included as part of the buildable land area.
B Public streets
C Land excluded from residential development by law
D Public rights-of-way

See Compact Development.
Buildable land is the portion of the site where construction can occur. When used in density calculations, the calculation for buildable land
excludes public streets and other public rights of way, and land excluded from development by law.
63

Question 117:
Heat islands can occur in urban areas when what happens?
A Reflection of heat by hardscapes
B Absorption of heat by open space
C Absorption of heat by hardscapes
D Reflection of heat by white rooftops
Question 118:
How can the heat island effect on the roof of a building be reduced?
A Painting the surface with dark colored coatings
Dark colored surfaces increase the heat island effect.
B Installing a cistern on the roof
Cisterns help reduce stormwater runoff and can be a source to reduce potable water demand.
C Covering the roof with high VOC materials
This doesn't reduce the heat island effect.
D Installing a green roof
Heat islands on a roof can be reduced by reducing the amount of area that is dark, either through solar panels or a green roof, or
painting exposed areas with light colored materials. A material with an SRI of 100 is light colored.
Green roofs help reduce heat islands. They also help provide greater insulation of the roof to reduce energy consumption, and
they have a longer life-cycle than traditional roofs.
64

Question 119:
Which of the following can increase the heat island effect in urban areas?
A Buildings that have passive ventilation
Passive ventilation impacts energy use but would not increase the heat island effect.
B Street equipment
C Air-conditioners
D Rooftops covered with a high SRI material

High SRI materials with reflect the heat rather than absorb it and radiate the heat back later on.
Notes:
Reference: n/a
The primary cause of the heat island effect is dark surfaces such as rooftops or dark asphalt pavement that absorb heat and radiate it into
the surrounding areas.
Reduced air flow between buildings and narrow streets also increases the effect.
Question 120:
Selecting which of the following sites would have the greatest positive environmental impact?
A Locating the project near public parking
Locating the project near public parking may reduce the project's parking needs but this is not the best answer choice.
B An old building
Redeveloping (or reuse) of an existing site significantly minimizes the project's impact on the environment. It also provides the
project team opportunity to reuse existing infrastructure.
C A previously undeveloped site
This is a greenfield site and would not be the best choice for building on.
D Parkland near basic services
Parkland is open space (though not for the project) and should be avoided for building on.
Notes:
Reference: n/a
65

Question 121:
What environmental issue occurs from stormwater runoff?
A Ozone depletion
B Heat islands
C Sedimentation
Stormwater consists of rainwater and melted snow that run off streets, lawns, farms, and construction and industrial sites.
Stormwater runoff can lead to sedimentation. Sedimentation is where pollutants from natural or human activities add particles to
water bodies. Pollutants come from soil, fertilizer, oil or gas on roadways, pesticides, etc.
Stormwater runoff should be controlled onsite by harvesting the water, increasing open space, and reducing impervious surfaces.
D Blackwater
Question 122:
Which of the following is included in the landscape area?
A Natural ponds
According to LEED water bodies are excluded from the landscape area.
B Green roof
The landscape area of the site is the total site area less the building footprint, hardscape area, water bodies, etc.
Green roofs are considered part of the landscaping. Green roofs help reduce heat islands. They also help provide greater
insulation of the roof to reduce energy consumption, and they have a longer life-cycle than traditional roofs.
C Building footprint
According to LEED the building footprint is not part of the landscape.
D Paved walkways
According to LEED hardscapes are excluded from the landscape area.
Notes:
66

Question 123:
What is true about a project that is located in an urban area?
A The project will need to be located near mass transit to achieve LEED certification
Locating a project near mass transit is not a prerequisite for projects in urban areas.
B The design of the project within the project boundary is unlikely to contain open space
Even in an urban area the project team can design the project to leave some of the area as open space.
C The project team will likely have to select a site on previously undeveloped land
Urban developments usually have access to previously developed land. It is in suburban areas where a project is more likely to
find a greenfield to develop on.
D The project is likely to experience higher cooling costs due to the heat island effect
radiate it into the surrounding areas. Other causes of the heat island effect include air-conditioners, vehicle exhaust, and street
equipment. Reduced air flow between buildings and narrow streets increases the effect. (USGBC)
Because the air around the building is heated, more air conditioning is required in the building to keep it cool. This in turn, further
heats the surrounding air and creates a vicious cycle.
Question 124:
What defines the density of a nonresidential building?
A Site Area / Acre of Buildable Land
B Building Footprint / Acre of Buildable Land
C Floor Area / 120,000 sq. ft.
D Floor Area / Acre of Buildable Land
The glossary defines density for both residential and nonresidential buildings:
The quantity of structures on a site, measured for residential buildings as dwelling units per acre of buildable land available for
residential uses, and for nonresidential buildings as floor area ratio per net acre of buildable land available for nonresidential uses.
(USGBC, Glossary)
Notes:
Reference: LEED for Homes Rating System
67

Question 125:
What is a way a project team can increase the density of a building?
A Designing a net-zero building
Net-zero buildings are buildings that generate enough electricity to meet their energy demands.
B Designing a smaller building footprint and maximizing the floor-area ratio
Building density is the floor area of the building divided by the total area of the site (square feet per acre) (USGBC).
LEED suggests building up rather than out to increase the density of the building while preserving the land in the project area.
C Locate the building near mass transit
Locating the building near mass transit assists with providing alternative transportation compared with single occupant commuting
with automobiles.
D Building on a brownfield
Building on a brownfield is unrelated to project density.
Question 126:
What is a density radius calculation used for?
A To measure any bus/rail line locations relative to the entrance of a building
B To define properties included in the development density calculation
See SS Credit 2.
While not directly referenced in the requirements of Develop Density and Community Connectivity, the density radius is used in
the density calculations as is applicable under exam objective II.A / II.B
The density radius calculation is used to draw a circle around the project plan and identify properties within or intersecting that
radius. Those properties must be factored into the development density calculation for certain credits.
C To define the project site area
D To define the area where basic services are located
68

Question 127:
Which of these sites if selected would most help with community connectivity?
A A site that has underground parking and open space on the property
Open space on the site does not count as community connectivity.
B A site located next door to residential condominiums
Residences are not a type of basic service.
C A site located within 1/2 mile walking distance of a commuter rail line
This would help with providing public transportation access.
D A site within 1/2 mile walking distance to a public park
Community connectivity is the quantity of connection between a site and the surrounding community. Community connectivity
channels development to urban areas with existing infrastructure. This includes areas with walkways and areas near basic
services.
Bank
Church
Day care
Fire station
Salon
Hardware store
Library
Park
Pharmacy
Post office
Restaurant
School
Theatre / museum
Community center
Gym
69

Question 128:
What of the following are examples of basic services that help a project earn LEED credit for community connectivity?
A Public parking garage
A parking garage is not considered a service.
B Pedestrian access between two office buildings
While pedestrian access is required between the project and a service for the service to count towards community connectivity,
pedestrian access between two office buildings is not considered a service
C Zipcar program
Zipcar programs help reduce the parking needs of a project site.
D Public library
Community connectivity channels development to urban areas with existing infrastructure. This includes areas with walkways and
areas near basic services.
Bank
Church
Day care
Fire station
Salon
Hardware store
Library
Park
Pharmacy
Post office
Restaurant
School
Theatre / museum
Community center
Gym
70

Question 129:
What does the use of light colored pervious paving help with?
A Recycling
Light colored paving, or paving with a high SRI value, helps reduce the heat island effect.
C Stormwater management
Pervious paving helps with reducing stormwater runoff by allowing stormwater to percolate through the pavement.
D Regional materials
Notes:
Question 130:
How can the heat island effect on the roof of a building be reduced?
A Covering the roof with recycled materials
The SRI of a material is an important factor in reducing heat islands for roofs. Whether the material is recycled or not is not
important to reducing heat islands.
B Painting the roof with a high SRI coating
C Increasing the amount of roof insulation
Increasing the insulation may help reduce energy bills, but it does not reduce absorption of the sun's heat by the roof surface.
D Providing underground parking
Providing underground parking is a LEED strategy for reducing the heat islands of non-roof surfaces.
Notes:
Heat islands on a roof can be reduced by reducing the amount of area that is dark, either through solar panels or a green roof, or painting
exposed areas with light colored materials. A material with an SRI of 100 is light colored.
71

Question 131:
A project team has selected a previously developed lot in an urban area to build a new condominium. If the project site is near a public
library what would this help with?
A Preserving any historical surroundings
Building on a previously developed lot does not preserve the historical surroundings.
A public library is a basic service.
C Reducing the heat island effect
The type of lot selected does not address the heat island effect. It is what happens to the lot later that can impact the heat island
effect, such as the quantity of hardscapes and the choice of materials used for paving.
D Meeting local zoning requirements
Nothing in this scenario addresses meeting zoning requirements.
Question 132:
What are ways to reduce the number of single passenger vehicles traveling to a project site?
A Design the project to have a higher building density
The building density is the floor area of the building divided by the total area of the site (square feet per acre) (USGBC).
Increasing the building density does not impact automobile use.
B Provide preferred parking for fuel efficient vehicles
Providing preferred parking for alternative or fuel efficient vehicles is a way to reduce emissions from automobile use. This is not a
strategy to promote carpooling or reduce single passenger vehicles.
C Provide preferred parking for alternative fuel vehicles
Providing preferred parking for alternative or fuel efficient vehicles is a way to reduce emissions from automobile use. This is not a
strategy to promote carpooling or reduce single passenger vehicles.
D Locate the site near mass transit
Locating the site near mass transit gives people the opportunity to use that mass transit and not drive to work.
72

Question 133:
What is a benefit of increasing the quantity of open space on a project?
A Decreasing fertilization needs
A larger open space may increase fertilization requirements.
B Increasing the quantity of native plants
Open space doesn't necessarily mean the space has native plantings. A large area covered with turf grass is still considered open
space.
C Increasing a building's water efficiency
More open space may increase water needs due to an increase in landscape size.
D Reducing the heat island effect
effect.
Note that increased open space reduces hardscapes, which reduces the heat island effect. However projects do not earn LEED
credits for reducing the heat island effect by reducing the area of hardscapes, but by having reflective or shaded hardscapes.
Question 134:
What generally defines the LEED project boundary?
A Building footprint
B Building footprint and hardscapes
C Site boundary
Generally the LEED project boundary is the same as that of the site boundary. For multi-building projects the team may determine
the project boundary by the portion the development covers.
D Area of disturbance and all surrounding roadways
73

Question 135:
Which of the following would not curb automobile use?
A
Setting parking fees at levels to encourage carpooling

This is a LEED strategy for reducing automobile use.
Creating incentive programs for carpooling

Encouraging street parking

Encouraging street parking does not promote alternatives to driving.
Creating a ride share board

Question 136:
What does a building need to have for community connectivity?
A Pedestrian access to basic services
Community connectivity helps channel development to urban areas with existing infrastructure. Pedestrian access is needed for
occupants to take advantage of basic services.
B
Pedestrian access to mass transit within 1/4 mile

Access to public transpiration (mass transit) helps with reducing automobile use in the LEED Rating System, however picking a
site near mass transit does not help earn the community connectivity credit.
Pedestrian access to nearby buildings

Access to nearby buildings is not enough information to choose this answer. Nearby office buildings would not count because an
office building is not a basic service. The choice would need to state the buildings contained basic services.
Density of 60,000 sq. ft. / acre

This density helps with Development Density.
74

Question 137:
What is the building footprint?
A Area of the building structure only
The development footprint is the area affected by project site activity. The building footprint is the area of the site occupied by the
building structure.
B Building structure and landscapes
C Entire project boundary
D Building structure and hardscapes
Notes:
75

II. Project Site Factors

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

II. Project Site Factors

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

II.

Project Site Factors

Notes: Reference: Green Building & LEED Core Concepts Guide

C Large areas of turf grass

This is not a LEED defined term.

A dense development does not mean public parking will be available.

B The project would reduce sprawl

Development density and community connectivity help to reduce urban sprawl.

C The project would have access to at least 10 basic services

D The project site would be near a public rail line

B Within the property boundary

C Within the project boundary

D Within the LEED boundary

The open space must be in the LEED boundary.

Underground parking is unrelated to community connectivity.

The parking capacity would remain unchanged.

B Property area minus the development footprint

C Unconstructed area of the project boundary

D Total area within the project boundary of the applicant building

B Reflection of heat by high albedo surfaces

C Surfaces with an imperviousness of 50% or more

D An environmental issue that causes ozone depletion

This is the definition of emissivity.

B Measure of a surface's ability to reflect solar heat

This is solar reflectance.

C The amount of liquid a material can pass through

This is a material's perviousness.

D Measure of the quantity of light falling on a given surface

B Installing high albedo paving

This would help reduce the heat island effect.

C Planting non-invasive plants

D Developing a soil and erosion management plan

B Measure of a plant's drought tolerance

C Measure of a material's imperviousness

Balconies are not considered open space.

C Higher density buildings

Higher density buildings do not contribute to open space requirements.

Shaded parking lots are not considered open space.

B Delivery truck parking

B Parking lots made with permeable concrete

C Area of the building structure

B A site near a restaurant

C A site near mass transit

D A site near public parking

Recycled materials and parking location are not related.

Moving parking underground doesn't change the capacity.

B To keep bicycles dry

Secure storage is any method or methods that prevent theft

D To meet local regulations

See Solar Reflectance.

A site that had a road would be previously developed.

B Greenfield lot donated to the city

D Lot that was recently graded

A lot that has been graded is previously developed.

C Green Seal score

A tree mill would have an altered landscape.

C Graded site that has grown over with grass

A site that has been graded is previously developed.

D Site of an old drive-in theatre

C 10 or more dwelling units per acre of buildable land

See Compact Development.

D 20 or more dwelling units per acre of buildable land

B To locate basic services near a project site

B Increasing the number of above ground parking spaces