Week 2 10/1/2013

CONCEPTUAL TEST QUESTIONS:

Which statement or statements is or are false?
2.5nm = 25 x 10^2pm
Density is an extensive property
Dissolving sugar in water is a chemical change
The boiling point of a substance is independent of the amount of the
substance
Solutions contain at least 2 componentes, therefore they are heterogenous
mixtures.
Which subatomic particles determines basically the charge of the NUCLEUS: only
protons
How many moles of copper are in a 320 g sample.
Cu-atom mass = 63.546 g/mol (see periodic table)
1 mol cu/ 63.564 g (320g)
Not about time you put into studying, but being smart how to do it. DONT READ
BOOK. Only going to get multiple choice questions. No point in memorizing
explanations.
Start studying with slides, they summarize what you need to know to do well. OWL
problems, for credit only have to do required ones. Then recitation problems. Half
will be problems to solve, half will be conceptual.
Chapter 1-5, starting Thursday well get more detailed info such as room info.

ATOMIC STRUCTURE
o THREE primary subatomic structures, protons, electrons and neutrons.
Electron: e-, Charge: 1-, mass: 1/1836 = 9.11E-28
Protons: p+ , Charge: 1+, mass: 1 = 1.675E-24
Neutron n, Charge 0, mass: 1= 1.675E-24
o Protons and neutrons are most of the mass of the mass while electrons
provides most of the atoms volume.
Atomic number = Z = number of protons
o KATOMIC NUMBER
Mass number = A = number of protons+ number of neutrons
Neutrons # = Mass # - Atomic #
How many protons, neutrons
Atomic Mass Unit (amu)
o Dont want to work with such small units

Week 2 10/1/2013

o 1 amu = 1/12 mass of C isotope that contains 6 protons and neutrons

o 1 amu = 1.66E-24
Avogadros Number
o I want to find mass of an atom but it has too little to register on a
scale?!
Put a shit load of atoms until you get a measurable mass
Then divide by the number of units to get the mass of one
individual object
o 6.022E23 nanoscale units = 1 mol
A mol is abstract, just defines a group so that it can be actually
measured.
Mole = conventional macroscale nanoscale connection
o Mole = the amount of substance that contains as many particles as
there are atoms in 12 grams of isotope carbon
Molar Mass = the mass of a mole (in grams)
o Molar mass is the same for the same substance BUT differs from
substance to substance
o Moles is just a counting number, not connected with
Periodic Table
o Taking every element and ordering them in number of Atomic mass
After a certain number of atomic mass, properties started to
repeat.
o Properties of elements are periodical functions of their Z
o Group=column and shows elements with similar properties
o The Alkali Metals/ Alkaline Earth Metals
Grey, silvery white
Highly reactive, never found as native metals
Form alkaline solutions, react with water,
o Groups 3A to 8A
Most abundant elements in Earths crust and atmosphere
Most important elements for living organisms
o Group 7A (Halogens)
Most reactive nonmetals
Form salts with metals
Colored elements
o Group 8A (Noble Gases)
Very low reactivity, colorless, odorless gases
o Periods are horizontal rows

Molecular Compounds
Contains 2 or more elements
Structural nanoscale unit : molecule

Week 2 10/1/2013
Forms when non metals combine
Types of Molecules:
Number of atoms: monatomic, diatomic, triatomic, polatomic
o

FORMULAS (MOLECULAR FORMULAS)

o Molecular Formula (number and type of elements)
o Structural Formula (atom connectivity)
o Empirical Formulas: (the smallest integer ratio of atoms)
Molecular: H2 O2 Empirical Formula: HO
Sometimes identical for molecular and Emiprical
How do we calculate molar mass??
o Sum of the standard atomic masses
o 1 mol of water contains 2 mol of H atoms and 1 mol of O atoms.
Molar mass of water: 2(1.008 g/mol) + 1(15.99 g/mol)= 18.5
g/mol