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I. INTRODUCTION
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Fig. 3. Conceptual model of the total scan pattern of a mobile terminal phased
array.
(1)
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of the array is
passive notch.
achieved is 9.9 dBi for the notch array, and 10.4 dBi for the
patch array. Maximum coupling between adjacent elements is
less than 16 dB in both cases. The radiation efciency is 85%
and 87% for the patch and notch arrays, respectively. With a
higher radiation efciency and a less directional element radiation pattern, the coverage efciency for the notch array can be
seen to be generally higher than for the patch array, apart from
when the threshold gain exceeds 8 dBi and the coverage efciency has dropped below 25%. For the notch array, it is held
above 50% for
dBi.
Subarray schemes can be employed, where each respective
beam is separately steered using its corresponding phase shift, to
achieve pattern diversity and enhanced . With dual boresight
in alternate directions, the schemes can be evaluated according
to their improved performance. Three schemes were tested: two
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the coverage efciency. By applying the method on some different array schemes the superiority of the notch array and corresponding subarray schemes, in comparison to the patch array,
could be emphasized.
The method can be directly applied as a form of evaluation
for array congurations targeting the specic area of application. It is exible with respect to its preconditions, i.e., testing
more advanced network models still allow for the performance
analysis to be applied. This can leverage good insight in how
the 5G cellular antenna designs should be further developed.
There are several extensions to the work. Primarily, measurements of the performance are yet to be conducted. Additional
loss mechanisms are to be included, e.g., polarization mismatch
will be added to evaluate the performance with respect to polarized gain. Hand and body effect implies additional losses that
may be added to the model.
REFERENCES
perpendicular aligned notch arrays, two parallel but opposite directed notch arrays, and a notch and patch array perpendicularly
mounted.
The simulated results are shown in Fig. 8. In a good signal
range, all three settings have high , and it can be seen by
comparing to Fig. 7 that the coverage has been signicantly
enhanced in all cases. Specically, the opposite directed notch
alignment achieves
for
dBi.
VI. CONCLUSION
This letter proposes an approach of analyzing performance
of utilized phased array antennas in the mobile terminal for
5G cellular networks. The performance of the phased array antenna is quantied in its total scan pattern and a related quantity,
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