Chemistry 100

Week 5 Day 2:
Chapter 3 Electronic Structure and the Periodic Law
**Nobel Gases are stable, because there valence electron shell is FULL.
They have 8 electrons which is the magic number.
**Element become Ions by gaining or losing Electrons
**METALS want to lose Electrons
**All Compounds are Neutral
Atomic Orbital Shapes:

Atomic orbitals of different types have different shapes.

S orbitals Are Spheres
P orbitals Are Dumbbells
D orbitals Are Four-leaf clovers
Aufbau Principle: We fill electrons from lowest level to highest level (like a
building).
Hunds Rule: We fill half the orbitals and then go back and add the second electron
if we have to (they prefer to be away from each other)

Energy of Electrons:
Electron energy increases with increasing n value.
- So an Electron in the 3rd shell (n=3) has more energy than an Electron in the 1st
shell (n=1)
- For equal n values, but different Orbitals, the energy of Electrons in Orbitals
increases in the order of s, p, d, and f. Thus, a 4p Electron has more energy than a
4s Electron.
*Each circle here represents an Orbital:

The valence shell of an atom is the shell that contains Electrons with the highest
n value
Atoms with the same number of Electrons in the valence shell have similar
chemical properties
Such as Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr)

Electron Configurations:
Electron configurations give details on the arrangement of Electrons in atoms.