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y = A sin (kx t)
(5)
The negative sign is used when the wave travels along the positive x axis, and vice-versa.
The term k is called the wave number which is defined as
where is called the wavelength. It is the distance between the two successive points with the
same phase (for example, two crests).
The term is called the angular frequency (measured in rad/s)
The number of complete vibrations of a point on the string that occur in one second or, the
number of wavelengths that pass a given point in one second.
Wave velocity (v)
Since in one period T the wave advances by one wavelength l, therefore, the wave velocity is
Amplitude (A)
The maximum displacement of a particle on the medium from the equilibrium position
IMPORTANT
1. The photograph of a travelling harmonic wave at a given instant (as shown in
Fig. 5 a) shows that the displacement of various points on the string follows
a sine curve.
(9)
2. If we focus our attention on a particular particle of the string, we find that its
displacement also follows a sinusoidal function with respect to time as shown
in the
Fig.(5 b).
(10)
(11)
where is the initial phase constant. It determines the initial displacement of the particle when
x = 0 and t = 0. The positive and negative value of f are shown in (Fig. 6).
The acceleration of the particle is obtained by differentiating equation (12) w.r.t. time
The above equation shows that acceleration of a particle is directly proportional to its
displacement from the equilibrium position, i.e. the particles of the medium execute simple
harmonic motion.
Illustration2
The equation of a transverse wave in a stretched wire is given by y=2 sin 2(x30t0.01),
where t is in s and y in cm.
Find :
(a) amplitude
(b) frequency
(c) wavelength
Solution
Comparing the given equation with the standard equation (14.11),