1. HOW DID THE GOVERNMENT FUNCTION IN ANCIENT GREECE?

Greece had many city-states which were divided and had different forms of
government. Some States were tyrannies, some were oligarchies, but in the
earlier ages of Greece and its city-states were monarchies. Evidences of this
are the presence of kings like Agamemnon of Mycenae, Menelaus of Sparta,
and Theseus of Athens, kings mentioned in many Greek literature.
Monarchy was used many more years later but after the Battle of Plataea,
between the Greeks and the Persians, Athens formed the first Democratic
Government and formed the Delian League, an alliance of different Citystates in Greece lead by Athens. The purpose of the Alliance was to prepare
for future invasions of other nations.
Because of the formation of this alliance, the other city-states followed
Athens example and also adapted democracy, which lead the different citystates in Greece to be less divided than in the past. Though this may be true,
some states like Sparta did not accept this.

2. WHO WERE THE LEADERS, AND WHAT WAS EXPECTED OF

CITIZENS?
The leaders of Ancient Greece were kings and queens when they used monarchy in
their earlier times. As early as 1500 BCE monarchy was already used but Greece
was separated into many City-states and had kings and queens of their own.
Technically, Ancient Greece did not have one ruler governed them.
Monarchy was still used in city-states after many decades and even centuries. One
of these states were Sparta and one of their great leaders was King Leonidas, but
even though he was a great leader he still suffered a great misfortune. Athens also
adapted monarchy and oligarchy before forming democracy and one of the most
notable king of Athens was Theseus, a hero famous for his deeds in history and
mythology. Corinth and Argos also had great leaders that was able to make these
states powerful.
While monarchy was still being used, city-states had different rules and
characteristics, which gave way for the people to have different jobs, rights and
even a different culture to other states. One distinct and widely-known example are
the Spartans. Spartan woman are expected to stay at their homes and serve their
husbands and care for them. They are not given education and are only supposed to
know practical skills like cleaning and others. Men however are expected to become
soldiers and be strong. They are not given enough education. Meanwhile in other
states like Athens, they give different rights and privileges to women and men are
not only supposed to be strong but also wise and smart. States also have their own
strengths and weaknesses. Some are more religious and some stricter rules.
Men were also more respected than women. They are most of the time fed by their
wives while they sat comfortably or laid in a couch. Even though they are not
slaves, some women are still supposed to do lots of work, it can be household
chores or working the fields. Though this may be true, it is not really the same for
the other women that have greater power like those in the government
After Democracy was established the Delian League gave way for the Athenians to
rise and become the most powerful of the city-states. This meant that they had full
authority of almost all the other city-states that had joined them. Citizens were
given more rights and more freedom of speech. Leaders can now be selected from
normal citizens, and they are chosen by the people, as long as they are worthy of
the position. Women at the time still had fewer privileges but decades and
centuries, women slowly gained more rights. Though this may be true,
discrimination among sexes not only in Greece, but also around the world was not
solved until the 20th century.

3. HOW FREQUENTLY DID LEADERS CHANGE, AND HOW WERE THE

CHANGES MADE?
A council of 500 elders were chosen to be leaders. Sparta and Athens followed this
system but these two states were ruled by kings and queens. Same goes for the
other city-states in Greece. Though the Spartans have a different practice than the
other states. They have 2 kings that lead them, one king leads the Spartans within
their walls and settle affairs inside the kingdom. The other King lead the Spartans to
battle and fights with them.
Leaders are chosen by the king or queen themselves. They choose those who would
succeed them and if the king dies, his eldest son would succeed him or any of his
family members who is next in line for the throne. When democracy was adapted,
the leaders were chosen by the people, but those that were only allowed to vote
were the men who owned their own land and were not slaves. Leaders at this time
were also changed every 10 years, but this number of years was reduced from 10
years to less than 6 years.

4. SLAVERY IN ANCIENT GREECE.

Slavery was implemented in ancient Greece for a very long time. Every time a war
took place, the winner would kill the civilian men and enslave the women and
children. One good example is the Trojan War. After conquering the city of Troy, the
Greeks took the children and the women and enslaved them. Women were also
made as concubines by the soldiers just like Princess Cassandra whom was made a
concubine by king Agamemnon.

5. WARS THAT OCCURRED.

One of the most famous and also most dreadful war that happened in Ancient
Greece was the Trojan War, a war between the allied city-states of Greece and the
Trojans. The Greco-Persian wars also occurred where the Persians invaded Greece.
This war consists of 4 battles. These are the Battle of Marathon, Battle of
Thermopylae, Battle of Salamis, and the Battle of Plataea. The Greeks won against
the Persians. Another war occurred because of Athens rise to power. Sparta wanted
to prove its power so they started the Peloponnesian War. The Athenians and their
alliance won against the Spartans.

6. WHAT WERE THE ADVANTAGES OF DEMOCRACY IN THE GREEK

GOVERNMENT? THE DISADVANTAGES?
One distinct advantage of democracy was that everyone was given the right of
having an equal and just law. Anyone can also be voted into leadership, even of
they are not wealthy or powerful. As long as they are worthy of the position, they
can be voted. The disadvantage is that the voter are only limited to men who are 18
years old and are not slaves. Decisions by the officials can also be swayed easily by
emotions and speeches

7. THREE WAYS THAT THE ANCIENT GREEK GOVERNMENT IS REFLECTED

IN TODAYS SOCIETY.
Today in the Philippines, we also have a democratic government and our
government has many characteristics that can also be compared and associated
with the Greek government. One similarity between our government and the Greek
government was democracy. Because of this, both us and the Greeks choose our
own leaders and anyone, may it be rich or poor, can be elected by the citizens.

Another Similarity between us and them is that the government is in the hands of
the many. In Ancient Greece, they had a council of elders which consists of major
leaders. The number of elders they had in that council were high. This is just like the
Philippines where the government has many politicians that govern specific areas,
cities and provinces.
Lastly, their government and ours are very flawed and sometimes corrupt. In
ancient Greece, The politicians would rise to power and great heights by taking the
money of the people for their own and sometimes they would increase taxes and
cheat others to get what they want. Just like in the Philippines where some
politicians steal the money of the citizens and sometime would not do anything
good for the people. Some politicians cant even get roads fixed.
Though this may be true, there are still great leaders and politicians that had done
good for us and had helped those who were in need and were able to contribute to
the country for the greater good.