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Page 885

APNDICE

TA B L A S Y G R F I C A S
DE PROPIEDADES
(UNIDADES SI)*

TABLA A-1

Masa molar, constante de gas y calores especficos de gas ideal


de algunas sustancias 886
Propiedades de puntos de ebullicin y de congelacin 887
TABLA A-2
TABLA A-3
Propiedades del agua saturada 888
TABLA A-4
Propiedades del refrigerante-134a saturado 889
Propiedades del amoniaco saturado 890
TABLA A-5
Propiedades del propano saturado 891
TABLA A-6
TABLA A-7
Propiedades de lquidos 892
TABLA A-8
Propiedades de metales lquidos 893
Propiedades del aire a 1 atm de presin 894
TABLA A-9
TABLA A-10 Propiedades de gases a 1 atm de presin 895
TABLA A-11 Propiedades de la atmsfera a gran altitud 897
FIGURA A-12 Diagrama de Moody para el factor de friccin para flujo
totalmente desarrollado en tuberas circulares 898
TABLA A-13 Funciones de flujo compresible isentrpico unidimensional para
un gas ideal con k  1.4 899
TABLA A-14 Funciones de onda de choque normal unidimensional para un gas
ideal con k  1.4 900
TABLA A-15 Funciones de flujo de Rayleigh para un gas ideal con
k  1.4 901
TABLA A-16 Funciones de flujo de Fanno para un gas ideal con k  1.4 902

* La mayora de las propiedades en las tablas se obtuvieron a partir de la base de datos de


propiedades del EES, y las fuentes originales se mencionan debajo de las tablas. Con frecuencia,
las propiedades se citan a ms cifras significativas que la precisin proclamada con el propsito
de minimizar el error de redondeo acumulado en los clculos a mano y para asegurar una
correspondencia cercana con los resultados obtenidos con el EES.

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TABLAS Y GRFICAS

TABLA A-1
Masa molar, constante de gas y calores especficos de gas ideal de algunas sustancias

Sustancia
Aire
Amoniaco, NH3
Argn, Ar
Bromo, Br2
n-Butano, C4H10
Cloro, Cl2
Clorodifluorometano (R-22), CHClF2
Dixido de azufre, SO2
Dixido de carbono, CO2
Dixido de nitrgeno, NO2
Etano, C2H6
Etileno, C2H4
Flor, F2
Helio, He
n-Heptano, C7H16
n-Hexano, C6H14
Hidrgeno, H2
Isobutano, C4H10
Kriptn, Kr
Metano, CH4
Monxido de carbono, CO
Nen, Ne
Nitrgeno, N2
xido ntrico, NO
Oxgeno, O2
n-Pentano, C5H12
Propano, C3H8
Propileno, C3H6
Tetraclorometano, CCl4
Tetrafluoroetano (R-134a), C2H2F4
Trifluoroetano (R-143a), C2H3F3
Vapor de agua, H2O
Xenn, Xe

Datos de calores especficos a 25C

Masa molar
M, kg/kmol

Constante de gas
R, kJ/kg K*

cp, kJ/kg K

28.97
17.03
39.95
159.81
58.12
70.905
86.47
64.06
44.01
46.006
30.070
28.054
38.00
4.003
100.20
86.18
2.016
58.12
83.80
16.04
28.01
20.183
28.01
30.006
32.00
72.15
44.097
42.08
153.82
102.03
84.04
18.015
131.30

0.2870
0.4882
0.2081
0.05202
0.1430
0.1173
0.09615
0.1298
0.1889
0.1889
0.2765
0.2964
0.2187
2.077
0.08297
0.09647
4.124
0.1430
0.09921
0.5182
0.2968
0.4119
0.2968
0.2771
0.2598
0.1152
0.1885
0.1976
0.05405
0.08149
0.09893
0.4615
0.06332

1.005
2.093
0.5203
0.2253
1.694
0.4781
0.6496
0.6228
0.8439
0.8060
1.744
1.527
0.8237
5.193
1.649
1.654
14.30
1.663
0.2480
2.226
1.039
1.030
1.040
0.9992
0.9180
1.664
1.669
1.531
0.5415
0.8334
0.9291
1.865
0.1583

cv, kJ/kg K
0.7180
1.605
0.3122
0.1732
1.551
0.3608
0.5535
0.4930
0.6550
0.6171
1.468
1.231
0.6050
3.116
1.566
1.558
10.18
1.520
0.1488
1.708
0.7417
0.6180
0.7429
0.7221
0.6582
1.549
1.480
1.333
0.4875
0.7519
0.8302
1.403
0.09499

k  cp /cv
1.400
1.304
1.667
1.300
1.092
1.325
1.174
1.263
1.288
1.306
1.188
1.241
1.362
1.667
1.053
1.062
1.405
1.094
1.667
1.303
1.400
1.667
1.400
1.384
1.395
1.074
1.127
1.148
1.111
1.108
1.119
1.329
1.667

* La unidad kJ/kg K es equivalente a kPa m3/kg K. La constante de gas se calcula a partir de R  Ru /M, donde Ru  8.31447 kJ/kmol K es la constante
universal de gas y M es la masa molar.
Fuente: Los valores de calores especficos se obtienen principalmente a partir de los procedimientos para propiedades preparados por The National Institute of
Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD.

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APNDICE 1

TABLA A-2
Propiedades de puntos de ebullicin y de congelacin
Datos de ebullicin a 1 atm

Sustancia

Datos de congelacin

Punto de
Calor latente
Calor latente
ebullicin de vaporizacin Punto de
de fusin
normal, C
hfg , kJ/kg congelacin, C hif , kJ/kg

Aceite (ligero)
Agua

100

2257

0.0

333.7

Alcohol etlico
Amoniaco

78.6
33.3

855
1357

156
77.7

108
322.4

Argn
Benceno
n-Butano
Dixido de carbono
Etanol
Etilenglicol
Glicerina
Helio
Hidrgeno
Isobutano
Mercurio
Metano

185.9
80.2
0.5
78.4*
78.2
198.1
179.9
268.9
252.8
11.7
356.7
161.5

161.6
394
385.2
230.5 (a 0C)
838.3
800.1
974
22.8
445.7
367.1
294.7
510.4

189.3
5.5
138.5
56.6
114.2
10.8
18.9

259.2
160
38.9
182.2

28
126
80.3

Metanol
Nitrgeno

64.5
195.8

1100
198.6

97.7
210

99.2
25.3

Octano
Oxgeno
Petrleo
Propano

124.8
183

42.1

306.3
212.7
230384
427.8

57.5
218.8

180.7
13.7

187.7

80.0

Queroseno
Refrigerante-134a

204293
26.1

Salmuera (20 por ciento


cloruro de sodio,
porcentaje msico)
103.9

109
181.1
200.6

59.5
105.7
11.4
58.4

251
216.8

24.9
96.6

17.4

Propiedades de lquido
Temperatura,
C

Densidad
r, kg/m3

Calor
especfico
cp, kJ/kg K

25
0
25
50
75
100
20
33.3
20
0
25
185.6
20
0.5
0
25
20
20
268.9
252.8
11.7
25
161.5
100
25
195.8
160
20
183
20
42.1
0
50
20
50
26.1
0
25

910
1000
997
988
975
958
789
682
665
639
602
1394
879
601
298
783
1109
1261
146.2
70.7
593.8
13,560
423
301
787
809
596
703
1141
640
581
529
449
820
1443
1374
1295
1207

1.80
4.22
4.18
4.18
4.19
4.22
2.84
4.43
4.52
4.60
4.80
1.14
1.72
2.31
0.59
2.46
2.84
2.32
22.8
10.0
2.28
0.139
3.49
5.79
2.55
2.06
2.97
2.10
1.71
2.0
2.25
2.53
3.13
2.00
1.23
1.27
1.34
1.43

20

1150

3.11

* Temperatura de sublimacin (a presiones por abajo de la presin del punto triple de 518 kPa, el dixido de carbono existe en fase slida o como gas. Adems,
la temperatura del punto de congelacin del dixido de carbono es la temperatura del punto triple de 56.5C).

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TABLAS Y GRFICAS

TABLA A-3
Propiedades del agua saturada

Temp.
T, C

Presin de
saturacin
Psat, kPa

Densidad
r, kg/m3
Lquido

Vapor

Entalpa
de
vaporizacin
hfg, kJ/kg

Calor
especfico
cp, J/kg K
Lquido

Vapor

Conductividad
trmica
k, W/m K
Lquido

Vapor

Nmero de
Prandtl
Pr

Viscosidad dinmica
m, kg/m s
Lquido
103

Vapor

Lquido

Vapor

Coeficiente de
expansin
volumtrica
b, 1/K
Lquido

0.01
5
10
15
20

0.6113
0.8721
1.2276
1.7051
2.339

999.8
999.9
999.7
999.1
998.0

0.0048
0.0068
0.0094
0.0128
0.0173

2501
2490
2478
2466
2454

4217
4205
4194
4186
4182

1854
1857
1862
1863
1867

0.561
0.571
0.580
0.589
0.598

0.0171
0.0173
0.0176
0.0179
0.0182

1.792
1.519
1.307
1.138
1.002







103
103
103
103

0.922
0.934
0.946
0.959
0.973







105
105
105
105
105

13.5
11.2
9.45
8.09
7.01

1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00

0.068
0.015
0.733
0.138
0.195







103
103
103
103
103

25
30
35
40
45

3.169
4.246
5.628
7.384
9.593

997.0
996.0
994.0
992.1
990.1

0.0231
0.0304
0.0397
0.0512
0.0655

2442
2431
2419
2407
2395

4180
4178
4178
4179
4180

1870
1875
1880
1885
1892

0.607
0.615
0.623
0.631
0.637

0.0186
0.0189
0.0192
0.0196
0.0200

0.891
0.798
0.720
0.653
0.596







103
103
103
103
103

0.987
1.001
1.016
1.031
1.046







105
105
105
105
105

6.14
5.42
4.83
4.32
3.91

1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00

0.247
0.294
0.337
0.377
0.415







103
103
103
103
103

50
55
60
65
70

12.35
15.76
19.94
25.03
31.19

988.1
985.2
983.3
980.4
977.5

0.0831
0.1045
0.1304
0.1614
0.1983

2383
2371
2359
2346
2334

4181
4183
4185
4187
4190

1900
1908
1916
1926
1936

0.644
0.649
0.654
0.659
0.663

0.0204
0.0208
0.0212
0.0216
0.0221

0.547
0.504
0.467
0.433
0.404







103
103
103
103
103

1.062
1.077
1.093
1.110
1.126







105
105
105
105
105

3.55
3.25
2.99
2.75
2.55

1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00

0.451
0.484
0.517
0.548
0.578







103
103
103
103
103

75
80
85
90
95

38.58
47.39
57.83
70.14
84.55

974.7
971.8
968.1
965.3
961.5

0.2421
0.2935
0.3536
0.4235
0.5045

2321
2309
2296
2283
2270

4193
4197
4201
4206
4212

1948
1962
1977
1993
2010

0.667
0.670
0.673
0.675
0.677

0.0225
0.0230
0.0235
0.0240
0.0246

0.378
0.355
0.333
0.315
0.297







103
103
103
103
103

1.142
1.159
1.176
1.193
1.210







105
105
105
105
105

2.38
2.22
2.08
1.96
1.85

1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00

0.607
0.653
0.670
0.702
0.716







103
103
103
103
103

100
110
120
130
140

101.33
143.27
198.53
270.1
361.3

957.9
950.6
943.4
934.6
921.7

0.5978
0.8263
1.121
1.496
1.965

2257
2230
2203
2174
2145

4217
4229
4244
4263
4286

2029
2071
2120
2177
2244

0.679
0.682
0.683
0.684
0.683

0.0251
0.0262
0.0275
0.0288
0.0301

0.282
0.255
0.232
0.213
0.197







103
103
103
103
103

1.227
1.261
1.296
1.330
1.365







105
105
105
105
105

1.75
1.58
1.44
1.33
1.24

1.00
1.00
1.00
1.01
1.02

0.750
0.798
0.858
0.913
0.970







103
103
103
103
103

150
160
170
180
190

475.8
617.8
791.7
1,002.1
1,254.4

916.6
907.4
897.7
887.3
876.4

2.546
3.256
4.119
5.153
6.388

2114
2083
2050
2015
1979

4311
4340
4370
4410
4460

2314
2420
2490
2590
2710

0.682
0.680
0.677
0.673
0.669

0.0316
0.0331
0.0347
0.0364
0.0382

0.183
0.170
0.160
0.150
0.142







103
103
103
103
103

1.399
1.434
1.468
1.502
1.537







105
105
105
105
105

1.16
1.09
1.03
0.983
0.947

1.02
1.05
1.05
1.07
1.09

1.025
1.145
1.178
1.210
1.280







103
103
103
103
103

200
220
240
260
280

1,553.8
2,318
3,344
4,688
6,412

864.3
840.3
813.7
783.7
750.8

7.852
11.60
16.73
23.69
33.15

1941
1859
1767
1663
1544

4500
4610
4760
4970
5280

2840
3110
3520
4070
4835

0.663
0.650
0.632
0.609
0.581

0.0401
0.0442
0.0487
0.0540
0.0605

0.134
0.122
0.111
0.102
0.094







103
103
103
103
103

1.571
1.641
1.712
1.788
1.870







105
105
105
105
105

0.910
0.865
0.836
0.832
0.854

1.11
1.15
1.24
1.35
1.49

1.350
1.520
1.720
2.000
2.380







103
103
103
103
103

1405
1239
1028
720
0

5750
6540
8240
14,690

5980
7900
11,870
25,800

0.548
0.509
0.469
0.427

0.0695
0.0836
0.110
0.178

0.086
0.078
0.070
0.060
0.043







103
103
103
103
103

1.965
2.084
2.255
2.571
4.313







105
105
105
105
105

0.902
1.00
1.23
2.06

1.69
1.97
2.43
3.73

2.950  103

300
320
340
360
374.14

8,581
11,274
14,586
18,651
22,090

713.8
667.1
610.5
528.3
317.0

46.15
64.57
92.62
144.0
317.0

Nota 1: La viscosidad cinemtica n y la difusividad trmica a se pueden calcular a partir de sus definiciones:, n  m/r y a  k/rcp  n/Pr. Las temperaturas
0.01C, 100C y 374.14C son las temperaturas del punto triple, de ebullicin y crtico del agua, respectivamente. Las propiedades citadas anteriormente
(excepto la densidad del vapor) se pueden usar a cualquier presin con error despreciable, excepto a temperaturas cerca del valor de punto crtico.
Nota 2: La unidad kJ/kg C para calor especfico es equivalente kJ/kg K, y la unidad W/m C para conductividad trmica es equivalente a W/m K.
Fuente: Los datos de viscosidad y conductividad trmica estn tomados de J. V. Sengers y J. T. R. Watson, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 15
(1986), pp. 1291-1322. Otros datos se obtuvieron de diversas fuentes o se calcularon.

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APNDICE 1

TABLA A-4
Propiedades de refrigerante 134a saturado
Densidad
r, kg/m3

Entalpa
de
vaporizacin
hfg, kJ/kg

Calor
especfico
cp, J/kg K

Conductividad
trmica
k, W/m K

Coeficiente de
expansin
volumtrica Tensin
b, 1/K superficial,
Vapor
Lquido
N/m

Nmero de
Prandtl
Pr

Viscosidad dinmica
m, kg/m s

Temp.
T, C

Presin de
saturacin
P, kPa

Lquido

Vapor

Lquido

Vapor

40
35
30
25
20

51.2
66.2
84.4
106.5
132.8

1418
1403
1389
1374
1359

2.773
3.524
4.429
5.509
6.787

225.9
222.7
219.5
216.3
213.0

1254
1264
1273
1283
1294

748.6
764.1
780.2
797.2
814.9

0.1101
0.1084
0.1066
0.1047
0.1028

0.00811
0.00862
0.00913
0.00963
0.01013

4.878
4.509
4.178
3.882
3.614







104
104
104
104
104

2.550
3.003
3.504
4.054
4.651







106
106
106
106
106

5.558
5.257
4.992
4.757
4.548

0.235
0.266
0.299
0.335
0.374

0.00205
0.00209
0.00215
0.00220
0.00227

0.01760
0.01682
0.01604
0.01527
0.01451

15
10
5
0
5

164.0
200.7
243.5
293.0
349.9

1343
1327
1311
1295
1278

8.288
10.04
12.07
14.42
17.12

209.5
206.0
202.4
198.7
194.8

1306
1318
1330
1344
1358

833.5
853.1
873.8
895.6
918.7

0.1009
0.0989
0.0968
0.0947
0.0925

0.01063
0.01112
0.01161
0.01210
0.01259

3.371
3.150
2.947
2.761
2.589







104
104
104
104
104

5.295
5.982
6.709
7.471
8.264







106
106
106
106
106

4.363
4.198
4.051
3.919
3.802

0.415
0.459
0.505
0.553
0.603

0.00233
0.00241
0.00249
0.00258
0.00269

0.01376
0.01302
0.01229
0.01156
0.01084

10
15
20
25
30

414.9
488.7
572.1
665.8
770.6

1261
1244
1226
1207
1188

20.22
23.75
27.77
32.34
37.53

190.8
186.6
182.3
177.8
173.1

1374
1390
1408
1427
1448

943.2
969.4
997.6
1028
1061

0.0903
0.0880
0.0856
0.0833
0.0808

0.01308
0.01357
0.01406
0.01456
0.01507

2.430
2.281
2.142
2.012
1.888







104
104
104
104
104

9.081
9.915
1.075
1.160
1.244







106
106
105
105
105

3.697
3.604
3.521
3.448
3.383

0.655
0.708
0.763
0.819
0.877

0.00280
0.00293
0.00307
0.00324
0.00342

0.01014
0.00944
0.00876
0.00808
0.00742

35
40
45
50
55

887.5
1017.1
1160.5
1318.6
1492.3

1168
1147
1125
1102
1078

43.41
50.08
57.66
66.27
76.11

168.2
163.0
157.6
151.8
145.7

1471
1498
1529
1566
1608

1098
1138
1184
1237
1298

0.0783
0.0757
0.0731
0.0704
0.0676

0.01558
0.01610
0.01664
0.01720
0.01777

1.772
1.660
1.554
1.453
1.355







104
104
104
104
104

1.327
1.408
1.486
1.562
1.634







105
105
105
105
105

3.328
3.285
3.253
3.231
3.223

0.935
0.995
1.058
1.123
1.193

0.00364
0.00390
0.00420
0.00456
0.00500

0.00677
0.00613
0.00550
0.00489
0.00429

60
65
70
75
80

1682.8
1891.0
2118.2
2365.8
2635.2

1053
1026
996.2
964
928.2

87.38
100.4
115.6
133.6
155.3

139.1
132.1
124.4
115.9
106.4

1659
1722
1801
1907
2056

1372
1462
1577
1731
1948

0.0647
0.0618
0.0587
0.0555
0.0521

0.01838
0.01902
0.01972
0.02048
0.02133

1.260
1.167
1.077
9.891
9.011







104
104
104
105
105

1.704
1.771
1.839
1.908
1.982







105
105
105
105
105

3.229
3.255
3.307
3.400
3.558

1.272
1.362
1.471
1.612
1.810

0.00554
0.00624
0.00716
0.00843
0.01031

0.00372
0.00315
0.00261
0.00209
0.00160

85
90
95
100

2928.2
3246.9
3594.1
3975.1

887.1
837.7
772.5
651.7

95.4
82.2
64.9
33.9

2287
2701
3675
7959

2281
2865
4144
8785

0.0484
0.0444
0.0396
0.0322

0.02233
0.02357
0.02544
0.02989

8.124
7.203
6.190
4.765






105
105
105
105

2.071
2.187
2.370
2.833






105
105
105
105

3.837
4.385
5.746
11.77

2.116
2.658
3.862
8.326

0.01336
0.01911
0.03343
0.10047

0.00114
0.00071
0.00033
0.00004

Lquido

Vapor

182.3
217.8
269.3
376.3

Lquido

Vapor

Lquido

Nota 1: La viscosidad cinemtica n y la difusividad trmica a se pueden calcular a partir de sus definiciones:, n  m/r y a  k/rcp  n/Pr. Las propiedades
citadas aqu (excepto la densidad de vapor) se pueden usar a cualquier presin con error despreciable, excepto a temperaturas cercanas al valor de punto crtico.
Nota 2: La unidad kJ/kg C para calor especfico es equivalente a kJ/kg K, y la unidad W/m C para conductividad trmica es equivalente a W/m K.
Fuente: Datos generados a partir del Software EES desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. Fuentes originales: R. Tillner-Roth and H. D. Baehr, An
International Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) for Temperatures from 170 K to 455 K and
Pressures up to 70 MPa, J. Phys. Chem, Ref. Data, Vol. 23, No. 5, 1994; M. J. Assael, N. K. Dalaouti, A. A. Griva, y J. H. Dymond, Viscosity and Thermal
Conductivity of Halogenated Methane and Ethane Refrigerants, IJR, Vol. 22, pp. 525-535, 1999; NIST REFPROP 6 program (M. O. McLinden, S. A. Klein, E.
W. Lemmon, and A. P. Peskin, Physical and Chemical Properties Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80303, 1995).

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TABLAS Y GRFICAS

TABLA A-5
Propiedades del amoniaco saturado
Densidad
r, kg/m3

Entalpa
de
vaporizacin
hfg, kJ/kg

Calor
especfico
cp, J/kg K

Conductividad
trmica
k, W/m K

Coeficiente de
expansin
volumtrica Tensin
b, 1/K superficial,
Vapor
Lquido
N/m

Nmero de
Prandtl
Pr

Viscosidad dinmica
m, kg/m s

Presin de
saturacin
P, kPa

Lquido

Lquido

Vapor

40
30
25
20
15

71.66
119.4
151.5
190.1
236.2

690.2
677.8
671.5
665.1
658.6

0.6435
1.037
1.296
1.603
1.966

1389
1360
1345
1329
1313

4414
4465
4489
4514
4538

2242
2322
2369
2420
2476

0.5968
0.5853
0.5737

0.01792
0.01898
0.01957
0.02015
0.02075

2.926
2.630
2.492
2.361
2.236







104
104
104
104
104

7.957
8.311
8.490
8.669
8.851







106
106
106
106
106

1.875
1.821
1.769

0.9955
1.017
1.028
1.041
1.056

0.00176
0.00185
0.00190
0.00194
0.00199

0.03565
0.03341
0.03229
0.03118
0.03007

10
5
0
5
10

290.8
354.9
429.6
516
615.3

652.1
645.4
638.6
631.7
624.6

2.391
2.886
3.458
4.116
4.870

1297
1280
1262
1244
1226

4564
4589
4617
4645
4676

2536
2601
2672
2749
2831

0.5621
0.5505
0.5390
0.5274
0.5158

0.02138
0.02203
0.02270
0.02341
0.02415

2.117
2.003
1.896
1.794
1.697







104
104
104
104
104

9.034
9.218
9.405
9.593
9.784







106
106
106
106
106

1.718
1.670
1.624
1.580
1.539

1.072
1.089
1.107
1.126
1.147

0.00205
0.00210
0.00216
0.00223
0.00230

0.02896
0.02786
0.02676
0.02566
0.02457

15
20
25
30
35

728.8
857.8
1003
1167
1351

617.5
610.2
602.8
595.2
587.4

5.729
6.705
7.809
9.055
10.46

1206
1186
1166
1144
1122

4709
4745
4784
4828
4877

2920
3016
3120
3232
3354

0.5042
0.4927
0.4811
0.4695
0.4579

0.02492
0.02573
0.02658
0.02748
0.02843

1.606
1.519
1.438
1.361
1.288







104
104
104
104
104

9.978
1.017
1.037
1.057
1.078







106
105
105
105
105

1.500
1.463
1.430
1.399
1.372

1.169
1.193
1.218
1.244
1.272

0.00237
0.00245
0.00254
0.00264
0.00275

0.02348
0.02240
0.02132
0.02024
0.01917

40
45
50
55
60

1555
1782
2033
2310
2614

579.4
571.3
562.9
554.2
545.2

12.03
13.8
15.78
18.00
20.48

1099
1075
1051
1025
997.4

4932
4993
5063
5143
5234

3486
3631
3790
3967
4163

0.4464
0.4348
0.4232
0.4116
0.4001

0.02943
0.03049
0.03162
0.03283
0.03412

1.219
1.155
1.094
1.037
9.846







104
104
104
104
105

1.099
1.121
1.143
1.166
1.189







105
105
105
105
105

1.347
1.327
1.310
1.297
1.288

1.303
1.335
1.371
1.409
1.452

0.00287
0.00301
0.00316
0.00334
0.00354

0.01810
0.01704
0.01598
0.01493
0.01389

65
70
75
80
85

2948
3312
3709
4141
4609

536.0
526.3
516.2
505.7
494.5

23.26
26.39
29.90
33.87
38.36

968.9
939.0
907.5
874.1
838.6

5340
5463
5608
5780
5988

4384
4634
4923
5260
5659

0.3885
0.3769
0.3653
0.3538
0.3422

0.03550
0.03700
0.03862
0.04038
0.04232

9.347
8.879
8.440
8.030
7.645







105
105
105
105
105

1.213
1.238
1.264
1.292
1.322







105
105
105
105
105

1.285
1.287
1.296
1.312
1.338

1.499
1.551
1.612
1.683
1.768

0.00377
0.00404
0.00436
0.00474
0.00521

0.01285
0.01181
0.01079
0.00977
0.00876

90
95
100

5116
5665
6257

482.8
470.2
456.6

43.48
49.35
56.15

800.6
759.8
715.5

6242
6561
6972

6142
6740
7503

0.3306
0.3190
0.3075

0.04447
0.04687
0.04958

7.284  105
6.946  105
6.628  105

1.354  105
1.389  105
1.429  105

1.375
1.429
1.503

1.871
1.999
2.163

0.00579
0.00652
0.00749

0.00776
0.00677
0.00579

Temp.
T, C

Vapor

Lquido

Vapor

Lquido

Vapor

Lquido

Nota 1: La viscosidad cinemtica n y la difusividad trmica a se pueden calcular a partir de sus definiciones: n  m/r y a  k/rcp  n/Pr. Las propiedades
citadas aqu (excepto la densidad de vapor) se pueden usar a cualquier presin con error despreciable, excepto a temperaturas cerca del valor de punto crtico.
Nota 2: La unidad kJ/kg C para calor especfico es equivalente a kJ/kg K, y la unidad W/m C para conductividad trmica es equivalente a W/m K.
Fuente: Datos generados a partir del Software EES desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. Fuentes originales: Tillner-Roth, Harms-Watzenberg, y Baehr,
Eine neue Fundamentalgleichung fur Ammoniak, DKV-Tagungsbericht 20:167181, 1993; Liley y Desai, Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants,
ASHRAE, 1993, ISBN 1-1883413-10-9.

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APNDICE 1

TABLA A-6
Propiedades del propano saturado

Temp.
T, C
120
110
100
90
80

Densidad
r, kg/m3

Presin de
saturacin
P, kPa
Lquido
0.4053
1.157
2.881
6.406
12.97

Vapor

Entalpa
de
vaporizacin
hfg, kJ/kg

Calor
especfico
cp, J/kg K

Conductividad
trmica
k, W/m K

Lquido

Coeficiente de
expansin
volumtrica Tensin
b, 1/K superficial,
Vapor
Lquido
N/m

Nmero de
Prandtl
Pr

Viscosidad dinmica
m, kg/m s

Lquido

Vapor

Lquido

Vapor

664.7
654.5
644.2
633.8
623.2

0.01408
0.03776
0.08872
0.1870
0.3602

498.3
489.3
480.4
471.5
462.4

2003
2021
2044
2070
2100

1115
1148
1183
1221
1263

0.1802
0.1738
0.1672
0.1606
0.1539

0.00589
0.00645
0.00705
0.00769
0.00836

6.136
5.054
4.252
3.635
3.149







104
104
104
104
104

4.372
4.625
4.881
5.143
5.409

Vapor






106
106
106
106
106

Lquido
6.820
5.878
5.195
4.686
4.297

0.827
0.822
0.819
0.817
0.817

0.00153
0.00157
0.00161
0.00166
0.00171

0.02630
0.02486
0.02344
0.02202
0.02062

0.6439
1.081
1.724
2.629
3.864

453.1
443.5
433.6
423.1
412.1

2134
2173
2217
2258
2310

1308
1358
1412
1471
1535

0.1472
0.1407
0.1343
0.1281
0.1221

0.00908
0.00985
0.01067
0.01155
0.01250

2.755
2.430
2.158
1.926
1.726







104
104
104
104
104

5.680
5.956
6.239
6.529
6.827







106
106
106
106
106

3.994
3.755
3.563
3.395
3.266

0.818
0.821
0.825
0.831
0.839

0.00177
0.00184
0.00192
0.00201
0.00213

0.01923
0.01785
0.01649
0.01515
0.01382

70
60
50
40
30

24.26
42.46
70.24
110.7
167.3

612.5
601.5
590.3
578.8
567.0

20
10
0
5
10

243.8
344.4
473.3
549.8
635.1

554.7
542.0
528.7
521.8
514.7

5.503
7.635
10.36
11.99
13.81

400.3
387.8
374.2
367.0
359.5

2368
2433
2507
2547
2590

1605
1682
1768
1814
1864

0.1163
0.1107
0.1054
0.1028
0.1002

0.01351
0.01459
0.01576
0.01637
0.01701

1.551
1.397
1.259
1.195
1.135







104
104
104
104
104

7.136
7.457
7.794
7.970
8.151







106
106
106
106
106

3.158
3.069
2.996
2.964
2.935

0.848
0.860
0.875
0.883
0.893

0.00226
0.00242
0.00262
0.00273
0.00286

0.01251
0.01122
0.00996
0.00934
0.00872

15
20
25
30
35

729.8
834.4
949.7
1076
1215

507.5
500.0
492.2
484.2
475.8

15.85
18.13
20.68
23.53
26.72

351.7
343.4
334.8
325.8
316.2

2637
2688
2742
2802
2869

1917
1974
2036
2104
2179

0.0977
0.0952
0.0928
0.0904
0.0881

0.01767
0.01836
0.01908
0.01982
0.02061

1.077
1.022
9.702
9.197
8.710







104
104
105
105
105

8.339
8.534
8.738
8.952
9.178







106
106
106
106
106

2.909
2.886
2.866
2.850
2.837

0.905
0.918
0.933
0.950
0.971

0.00301
0.00318
0.00337
0.00358
0.00384

0.00811
0.00751
0.00691
0.00633
0.00575

40
45
50
60
70

1366
1530
1708
2110
2580

467.1
458.0
448.5
427.5
403.2

30.29
34.29
38.79
49.66
64.02

306.1
295.3
283.9
258.4
228.0

2943
3026
3122
3283
3595

2264
2361
2473
2769
3241

0.0857
0.0834
0.0811
0.0765
0.0717

0.02142
0.02228
0.02319
0.02517
0.02746

8.240
7.785
7.343
6.487
5.649







105
105
105
105
105

9.417
9.674
9.950
1.058
1.138







106
106
106
105
105

2.828
2.824
2.826
2.784
2.834

0.995
1.025
1.061
1.164
1.343

0.00413
0.00448
0.00491
0.00609
0.00811

0.00518
0.00463
0.00408
0.00303
0.00204

80
90

3127
3769

373.0
329.1

84.28
118.6

189.7
133.2

4501
6977

4173
7239

0.0663
0.0595

0.03029
0.03441

4.790  105
3.807  105

1.249  105
1.448  105

3.251
4.465

1.722
3.047

0.01248
0.02847

0.00114
0.00037

Nota 1: La viscosidad cinemtica n y la difusividad trmica a se pueden calcular a partir de sus definiciones: n  m/r y a  k/rcp  n/Pr. Las propiedades
citadas aqu (excepto la densidad de vapor) se pueden usar a cualquier presin con error despreciable, excepto a temperaturas cerca del valor de punto crtico.
Nota 2: La unidad kJ/kg C para calor especfico es equivalente a kJ/kg K, y la unidad W/m C para conductividad trmica es equivalente a W/m K.
Fuente: Datos generados a partir del Software EES desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. Fuentes originales: Reiner Tillner-Roth, Fundamental Equations
of State, Shaker, Verlag, Aachan, 1998; B. A. Younglove y J. F. Ely, Thermophysical Properties of Fluids. II Methane, Ethane, Propane, Isobutane, and Normal
Butane, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 16, No. 4, 1987; G.R. Somayajulu, A Generalized Equation for Surface Tension from the Triple-Point to the CriticalPoint, International Journal of Thermophysics, Vol. 9, No. 4, 1988.

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TABLAS Y GRFICAS

TABLA A-7
Propiedades de lquidos

Temp.
T, C

Calor
Conductividad
trmica
Densidad especfico cp,
r, kg/m3
J/kg K
k, W/m K

Difusividad
trmica
a, m2/s

Viscosidad
dinmica
m, kg/m s

Viscosidad
cinemtica
n, m2/s

Nmero de
Prandtl
Pr

Coef. de
expansin
volumtrica.
b, 1/K

Metano (CH4)
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
90

420.2
405.0
388.8
371.1
351.4
328.8
301.0
261.7

3492
3580
3700
3875
4146
4611
5578
8902

0.1863
0.1703
0.1550
0.1402
0.1258
0.1115
0.0967
0.0797

1.270
1.174
1.077
9.749
8.634
7.356
5.761
3.423










107
107
107
108
108
108
108
108

1.133
9.169
7.551
6.288
5.257
4.377
3.577
2.761










104
105
105
105
105
105
105
105

2.699
2.264
1.942
1.694
1.496
1.331
1.188
1.055










107
107
107
107
107
107
107
107

2.126
1.927
1.803
1.738
1.732
1.810
2.063
3.082

0.00352
0.00391
0.00444
0.00520
0.00637
0.00841
0.01282
0.02922








104
104
104
104
104
104

7.429
6.531
5.795
5.185
4.677
4.250








107
107
107
107
107
107

7.414
6.622
5.980
5.453
5.018
4.655

0.00118
0.00120
0.00123
0.00127
0.00132
0.00137











104
104
104
104
104
104
104
105
105

1.360
8.531
5.942
4.420
3.432
2.743
2.233
1.836
1.509











106
107
107
107
107
107
107
107
107

12.65
8.167
6.079
4.963
4.304
3.880
3.582
3.363
3.256

0.00142
0.00150
0.00161
0.00177
0.00199
0.00232
0.00286
0.00385
0.00628

8.219
5.287
3.339
1.970
1.201
7.878
5.232
3.464
2.455











103
103
103
103
103
104
104
104
104

84,101
54,327
34,561
20,570
12,671
8,392
5,631
3,767
2,697

4.242
9.429
2.485
8.565
3.794
2.046
1.241
8.029
6.595











103
104
104
105
105
105
105
106
106

46,636
10,863
2,962
1,080
499.3
279.1
176.3
118.1
98.31

Metanol [CH3(OH)]
20
30
40
50
60
70

788.4
779.1
769.6
760.1
750.4
740.4

2515
2577
2644
2718
2798
2885

0.1987
0.1980
0.1972
0.1965
0.1957
0.1950

1.002
9.862
9.690
9.509
9.320
9.128








107
108
108
108
108
108

5.857
5.088
4.460
3.942
3.510
3.146

Isobutano (R600a)
100
75
50
25
0
25
50
75
100

683.8
659.3
634.3
608.2
580.6
550.7
517.3
478.5
429.6

1881
1970
2069
2180
2306
2455
2640
2896
3361

0.1383
0.1357
0.1283
0.1181
0.1068
0.0956
0.0851
0.0757
0.0669

1.075
1.044
9.773
8.906
7.974
7.069
6.233
5.460
4.634











107
107
108
108
108
108
108
108
108











108

9.305
5.624
3.769
2.688
1.993
1.510
1.155
8.785
6.483

Glicerina
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40

1276
1273
1270
1267
1264
1261
1258
1255
1252

2262
2288
2320
2354
2386
2416
2447
2478
2513

0.2820
0.2835
0.2846
0.2856
0.2860
0.2860
0.2860
0.2860
0.2863

9.773
9.732
9.662
9.576
9.484
9.388
9.291
9.195
9.101

108
108
108
108
108
108
108
108

10.49
6.730
4.241
2.496
1.519
0.9934
0.6582
0.4347
0.3073

Aceite de motor (no usado)


0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
150

899.0
888.1
876.0
863.9
852.0
840.0
828.9
816.8
810.3

1797
1881
1964
2048
2132
2220
2308
2395
2441

0.1469
0.1450
0.1444
0.1404
0.1380
0.1367
0.1347
0.1330
0.1327

9.097
8.680
8.391
7.934
7.599
7.330
7.042
6.798
6.708











108
108
108
108
108
108
108
108
108

3.814
0.8374
0.2177
0.07399
0.03232
0.01718
0.01029
0.006558
0.005344

Fuente: Datos generados a partir del Software EES desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. Originalmente con base en diversas fuentes.

0.00070
0.00070
0.00070
0.00070
0.00070
0.00070
0.00070
0.00070
0.00070

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Page 893

APNDICE 1

TABLA A-8
Propiedades de metales lquidos

Temp.
T, C

Densidad
r, kg/m3

Calor
Conductividad
trmica
especf. cp,
J/kg K
k, W/m K

Difusividad
trmica
a, m2/s

Viscosidad
dinmica
m, kg/m s

Viscosidad
cinemtica
n, m2/s

Nmero de
Prandtl
Pr

Coef. de
expansin
volumtrica
b, 1/K

Punto de fusin del mercurio (Hg): 39C


0
25
50
75
100
150
200
250
300

13595
13534
13473
13412
13351
13231
13112
12993
12873

140.4
139.4
138.6
137.8
137.1
136.1
135.5
135.3
135.3

8.18200
8.51533
8.83632
9.15632
9.46706
10.07780
10.65465
11.18150
11.68150

4.287
4.514
4.734
4.956
5.170
5.595
5.996
6.363
6.705











106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106

1.687
1.534
1.423
1.316
1.245
1.126
1.043
9.820
9.336











103
103
103
103
103
103
103
104
104

1.241
1.133
1.056
9.819
9.326
8.514
7.959
7.558
7.252











107
107
107
108
108
108
108
108
108

0.0289
0.0251
0.0223
0.0198
0.0180
0.0152
0.0133
0.0119
0.0108

1.545
1.436
1.215
1.048
9.157







107
107
107
107
108

0.01381
0.01310
0.01154
0.01022
0.00906

2.167
1.976
1.814
1.702
1.589
1.475
1.360









107
107
107
107
107
107
107

0.02252
0.02048
0.01879
0.01771
0.01661
0.01549
0.01434

7.432
5.967
4.418
3.188
2.909
2.614








107
107
107
107
107
107

0.01106
0.008987
0.006751
0.004953
0.004593
0.004202

4.213
3.456
2.652
2.304
2.126







107
107
107
107
107

0.006023
0.004906
0.00374
0.003309
0.003143

Punto de fusin del bismuto (Bi): 271C


350
400
500
600
700

9969
9908
9785
9663
9540

146.0
148.2
152.8
157.3
161.8

16.28
16.10
15.74
15.60
15.60

1.118
1.096
1.052
1.026
1.010







105
105
105
105
105

1.540
1.422
1.188
1.013
8.736







103
103
103
103
104

Punto de fusin del plomo (Pb): 327C


400
450
500
550
600
650
700

10506
10449
10390
10329
10267
10206
10145

158
156
155
155
155
155
155

15.97
15.74
15.54
15.39
15.23
15.07
14.91

9.623
9.649
9.651
9.610
9.568
9.526
9.483









106
106
106
106
106
106
106

2.277
2.065
1.884
1.758
1.632
1.505
1.379









103
103
103
103
103
103
103

Punto de fusin del sodio (Na): 98C


100
200
300
400
500
600

927.3
902.5
877.8
853.0
828.5
804.0

1378
1349
1320
1296
1284
1272

85.84
80.84
75.84
71.20
67.41
63.63

6.718
6.639
6.544
6.437
6.335
6.220








105
105
105
105
105
105

6.892
5.385
3.878
2.720
2.411
2.101








104
104
104
104
104
104

Punto de fusin del potasio (K): 64C


200
300
400
500
600

795.2
771.6
748.0
723.9
699.6

790.8
772.8
754.8
750.0
750.0

43.99
42.01
40.03
37.81
35.50

6.995
7.045
7.090
6.964
6.765







105
105
105
105
105

3.350
2.667
1.984
1.668
1.487







104
104
104
104
104

Punto de fusin: sodio-potasio (22 por ciento Na-78 por ciento K): 11C
100
200
300
400
500
600

847.3
823.2
799.1
775.0
751.5
728.0

944.4
922.5
900.6
879.0
880.1
881.2

25.64
26.27
26.89
27.50
27.89
28.28

3.205
3.459
3.736
4.037
4.217
4.408








105
105
105
105
105
105

5.707
4.587
3.467
2.357
2.108
1.859








104
104
104
104
104
104

6.736
5.572
4.339
3.041
2.805
2.553








107
107
107
107
107
107

0.02102
0.01611
0.01161
0.00753
0.00665
0.00579

Fuente: Datos generados a partir del Software EES desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. Originalmente con base en diversas fuentes.

1.810
1.810
1.810
1.810
1.810
1.810
1.815
1.829
1.854











104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104

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Page 894

TABLAS Y GRFICAS

TABLA A-9
Propiedades del aire a 1 atm de presin
Temp.
T, C

Calor
Conductividad
Densidad especfico cp
trmica
r, kg/m3
J/kg K
k, W/m K

Difusividad
trmica
a, m2/s

Viscosidad
dinmica
m, kg/m s

Viscosidad
cinemtica
n, m2/s

Nmero de
Prandtl
Pr

150
100
50
40
30

2.866
2.038
1.582
1.514
1.451

983
966
999
1002
1004

0.01171
0.01582
0.01979
0.02057
0.02134

4.158
8.036
1.252
1.356
1.465







106
106
105
105
105

8.636
1.189
1.474
1.527
1.579







106
106
105
105
105

3.013
5.837
9.319
1.008
1.087







106
106
106
105
105

0.7246
0.7263
0.7440
0.7436
0.7425

20
10
0
5
10

1.394
1.341
1.292
1.269
1.246

1005
1006
1006
1006
1006

0.02211
0.02288
0.02364
0.02401
0.02439

1.578
1.696
1.818
1.880
1.944







105
105
105
105
105

1.630
1.680
1.729
1.754
1.778







105
105
105
105
105

1.169
1.252
1.338
1.382
1.426







105
105
105
105
105

0.7408
0.7387
0.7362
0.7350
0.7336

15
20
25
30
35

1.225
1.204
1.184
1.164
1.145

1007
1007
1007
1007
1007

0.02476
0.02514
0.02551
0.02588
0.02625

2.009
2.074
2.141
2.208
2.277







105
105
105
105
105

1.802
1.825
1.849
1.872
1.895







105
105
105
105
105

1.470
1.516
1.562
1.608
1.655







105
105
105
105
105

0.7323
0.7309
0.7296
0.7282
0.7268

40
45
50
60
70

1.127
1.109
1.092
1.059
1.028

1007
1007
1007
1007
1007

0.02662
0.02699
0.02735
0.02808
0.02881

2.346
2.416
2.487
2.632
2.780







105
105
105
105
105

1.918
1.941
1.963
2.008
2.052







105
105
105
105
105

1.702
1.750
1.798
1.896
1.995







105
105
105
105
105

0.7255
0.7241
0.7228
0.7202
0.7177

80
90
100
120
140

0.9994
0.9718
0.9458
0.8977
0.8542

1008
1008
1009
1011
1013

0.02953
0.03024
0.03095
0.03235
0.03374

2.931
3.086
3.243
3.565
3.898







105
105
105
105
105

2.096
2.139
2.181
2.264
2.345







105
105
105
105
105

2.097
2.201
2.306
2.522
2.745







105
105
105
105
105

0.7154
0.7132
0.7111
0.7073
0.7041

160
180
200
250
300

0.8148
0.7788
0.7459
0.6746
0.6158

1016
1019
1023
1033
1044

0.03511
0.03646
0.03779
0.04104
0.04418

4.241
4.593
4.954
5.890
6.871







105
105
105
105
105

2.420
2.504
2.577
2.760
2.934







105
105
105
105
105

2.975
3.212
3.455
4.091
4.765







105
105
105
105
105

0.7014
0.6992
0.6974
0.6946
0.6935

350
400
450
500
600

0.5664
0.5243
0.4880
0.4565
0.4042

1056
1069
1081
1093
1115

0.04721
0.05015
0.05298
0.05572
0.06093

7.892
8.951
1.004
1.117
1.352







105
105
104
104
104

3.101
3.261
3.415
3.563
3.846







105
105
105
105
105

5.475
6.219
6.997
7.806
9.515







105
105
105
105
105

0.6937
0.6948
0.6965
0.6986
0.7037

700
800
900
1000
1500
2000

0.3627
0.3289
0.3008
0.2772
0.1990
0.1553

1135
1153
1169
1184
1234
1264

0.06581
0.07037
0.07465
0.07868
0.09599
0.11113

1.598
1.855
2.122
2.398
3.908
5.664








104
104
104
104
104
104

4.111
4.362
4.600
4.826
5.817
6.630








105
105
105
105
105
105

1.133
1.326
1.529
1.741
2.922
4.270








104
104
104
104
104
104

0.7092
0.7149
0.7206
0.7260
0.7478
0.7539

Nota: Para gases ideales, cp, k, m y Pr son independientes de la presin. Las propiedades r, n y a a una presin P distinta a 1 atm se determinan cuando se
multiplican los valores de r a la temperatura dada por P (en atm) y cuando se dividen n y a entre P (en atm).
Fuente: Datos generados a partir del Software EES desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. Fuentes originales:: Keenan, Chao, Keyes, Gas Tables, Wiley, 198;
and Thermophysical Properties of Matter, Vol. 3: Thermal Conductivity, Y. S. Touloukian, P. E. Liley, S. C. Saxena, Vol. 11: Viscosity, Y. S. Touloukian, S. C.
Saxena, y P. Hestermans, IFI/Plenun, NY, 1970, ISBN 0-306067020-8.

cen72367_appx1.qxd

2/23/06

1:38 PM

Page 895

APNDICE 1

TABLA A-10
Propiedades de gases a 1 atm de presin
Temp.
T, C

Densidad
r, kg/m3

Calor
especfico cp
J/kg K

Conductividad
trmica
k, W/m K

50
0
50
100
150
200
300
400
500
1000
1500
2000

2.4035
1.9635
1.6597
1.4373
1.2675
1.1336
0.9358
0.7968
0.6937
0.4213
0.3025
0.2359

746
811
866.6
914.8
957.4
995.2
1060
1112
1156
1292
1356
1387

0.01051
0.01456
0.01858
0.02257
0.02652
0.03044
0.03814
0.04565
0.05293
0.08491
0.10688
0.11522

50
0
50
100
150
200
300
400
500
1000
1500
2000

1.5297
1.2497
1.0563
0.9148
0.8067
0.7214
0.5956
0.5071
0.4415
0.2681
0.1925
0.1502

1081
1048
1039
1041
1049
1060
1085
1111
1135
1226
1279
1309

0.01901
0.02278
0.02641
0.02992
0.03330
0.03656
0.04277
0.04860
0.05412
0.07894
0.10458
0.13833

Difusividad
trmica
a, m2/s

Viscosidad
dinmica
m, kg/m s

Viscosidad
cinemtica
n, m2/s

Nmero de
Prandtl
Pr

Dixido de carbono , CO2


5.860
9.141
1.291
1.716
2.186
2.698
3.847
5.151
6.600
1.560
2.606
3.521














106
106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
104
104
104

1.129
1.375
1.612
1.841
2.063
2.276
2.682
3.061
3.416
4.898
6.106
7.322














105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105

4.699
7.003
9.714
1.281
1.627
2.008
2.866
3.842
4.924
1.162
2.019
3.103














106
106
106
105
105
105
105
105
105
104
104
104

0.8019
0.7661
0.7520
0.7464
0.7445
0.7442
0.7450
0.7458
0.7460
0.7455
0.7745
0.8815

1.378
1.629
1.863
2.080
2.283
2.472
2.812
3.111
3.379
4.557
6.321
9.826














105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105

9.012
1.303
1.764
2.274
2.830
3.426
4.722
6.136
7.653
1.700
3.284
6.543














106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
104
104
104

0.7840
0.7499
0.7328
0.7239
0.7191
0.7164
0.7134
0.7111
0.7087
0.7080
0.7733
0.9302

8.564
1.028
1.191
1.345
1.491
1.630
1.886
2.119
2.334
3.281
4.434
6.360














106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105

9.774
1.436
1.969
2.567
3.227
3.944
5.529
7.297
9.228
2.136
4.022
7.395














106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
104
104
104

0.8116
0.7494
0.7282
0.7247
0.7284
0.7344
0.7450
0.7501
0.7502
0.7331
0.7936
1.0386

7.293
8.391
9.427
1.041
1.136
1.228
1.403
1.570
1.730
2.455
3.099
3.690














106
106
106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105

6.624
9.329
1.240
1.582
1.957
2.365
3.274
4.302
5.443
1.272
2.237
3.414














105
105
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
103

0.6562
0.7071
0.7191
0.7196
0.7174
0.7155
0.7149
0.7179
0.7224
0.7345
0.7795
1.1717

Monxido de carbono, CO
1.149
1.739
2.407
3.142
3.936
4.782
6.619
8.628
1.079
2.401
4.246
7.034














105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
104
104
104
104

Metano, CH4
50
0
50
100
150
200
300
400
500
1000
1500
2000

0.8761
0.7158
0.6050
0.5240
0.4620
0.4132
0.3411
0.2904
0.2529
0.1536
0.1103
0.0860

2243
2217
2302
2443
2611
2791
3158
3510
3836
5042
5701
6001

0.02367
0.03042
0.03766
0.04534
0.05344
0.06194
0.07996
0.09918
0.11933
0.22562
0.31857
0.36750

1.204
1.917
2.704
3.543
4.431
5.370
7.422
9.727
1.230
2.914
5.068
7.120














105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
104
104
104
104

Hidrgeno, H2
50
0
50
100
150
200
300
400
500
1000
1500
2000

0.11010
0.08995
0.07603
0.06584
0.05806
0.05193
0.04287
0.03650
0.03178
0.01930
0.01386
0.01081

12635
13920
14349
14473
14492
14482
14481
14540
14653
15577
16553
17400

0.1404
0.1652
0.1881
0.2095
0.2296
0.2486
0.2843
0.3180
0.3509
0.5206
0.6581
0.5480

1.009
1.319
1.724
2.199
2.729
3.306
4.580
5.992
7.535
1.732
2.869
2.914














104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
103

(Contina)

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Page 896

TABLAS Y GRFICAS

TABLA A-10
Propiedades de gases a 1 atm de presin (continuacin)
Temp.
T, C

Densidad
r, kg/m3

Calor
especfico cp
J/kg K

Conductividad
trmica
k, W/m K

50
0
50
100
150
200
300
400
500
1000
1500
2000

1.5299
1.2498
1.0564
0.9149
0.8068
0.7215
0.5956
0.5072
0.4416
0.2681
0.1925
0.1502

957.3
1035
1042
1041
1043
1050
1070
1095
1120
1213
1266
1297

0.02001
0.02384
0.02746
0.03090
0.03416
0.03727
0.04309
0.04848
0.05358
0.07938
0.11793
0.18590

Difusividad
trmica
a, m2/s

Viscosidad
dinmica
m, kg/m s

Viscosidad
cinemtica
n, m2/s

Nmero de
Prandtl
Pr

Nitrgeno, N2
1.366
1.843
2.494
3.244
4.058
4.921
6.758
8.727
1.083
2.440
4.839
9.543














105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
104
104
104
104

1.390
1.640
1.874
2.094
2.300
2.494
2.849
3.166
3.451
4.594
5.562
6.426














105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105

9.091
1.312
1.774
2.289
2.851
3.457
4.783
6.242
7.816
1.713
2.889
4.278














106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
104
104
104

0.6655
0.7121
0.7114
0.7056
0.7025
0.7025
0.7078
0.7153
0.7215
0.7022
0.5969
0.4483

1.616
1.916
2.194
2.451
2.694
2.923
3.350
3.744
4.114
5.732
7.133
8.417














105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105

9.246
1.342
1.818
2.346
2.923
3.546
4.923
6.463
8.156
1.871
3.243
4.907














106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
104
104
104

0.7694
0.7198
0.7053
0.7019
0.7019
0.7025
0.7030
0.7023
0.7010
0.6986
0.6985
0.6873

7.187
8.956
1.078
1.265
1.456
1.650
2.045
2.446
2.847
4.762
6.411
7.808














106
106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105

7.305
1.114
1.587
2.150
2.806
3.556
5.340
7.498
1.002
2.761
5.177
8.084














106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
104
104
104
104

1.0047
1.0033
0.9944
0.9830
0.9712
0.9599
0.9401
0.9240
0.9108
0.8639
0.8233
0.7833

Oxgeno, O2
50
0
50
100
150
200
300
400
500
1000
1500
2000

1.7475
1.4277
1.2068
1.0451
0.9216
0.8242
0.6804
0.5793
0.5044
0.3063
0.2199
0.1716

984.4
928.7
921.7
931.8
947.6
964.7
997.1
1025
1048
1121
1165
1201

0.02067
0.02472
0.02867
0.03254
0.03637
0.04014
0.04751
0.05463
0.06148
0.09198
0.11901
0.14705

1.201
1.865
2.577
3.342
4.164
5.048
7.003
9.204
1.163
2.678
4.643
7.139














105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
104
104
104
104

Vapor de agua, H2O


50
0
50
100
150
200
300
400
500
1000
1500
2000

0.9839
0.8038
0.6794
0.5884
0.5189
0.4640
0.3831
0.3262
0.2840
0.1725
0.1238
0.0966

1892
1874
1874
1887
1908
1935
1997
2066
2137
2471
2736
2928

0.01353
0.01673
0.02032
0.02429
0.02861
0.03326
0.04345
0.05467
0.06677
0.13623
0.21301
0.29183

7.271
1.110
1.596
2.187
2.890
3.705
5.680
8.114
1.100
3.196
6.288
1.032














106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
104
104
104
103

Nota: Para gases ideales, las propiedades cp, k, m y Pr son independientes de la presin. Las propiedades r, n, y a a una presin P distinta a 1 atm se determinan
cuando se multiplican los valores de r a la temperatura dada por P (en atm) y cuando se dividen n y a entre P (en atm).
Fuente: Datos generados a partir del Software EES desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. Originalmente con base en diversas fuentes.

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1:38 PM

Page 897

APNDICE 1

TABLA A-11
Propiedades de la atmsfera a gran altitud
Altitud,
m

Temperatura,
C

Presin,
kPa

Gravedad
g, m/s2

Velocidad
del sonido,
m/s

Densidad,
kg/m3

Viscosidad
m, kg/m s

Conductividad
trmica,
W/m K

0
200
400
600
800

15.00
13.70
12.40
11.10
9.80

101.33
98.95
96.61
94.32
92.08

9.807
9.806
9.805
9.805
9.804

340.3
339.5
338.8
338.0
337.2

1.225
1.202
1.179
1.156
1.134

1.789
1.783
1.777
1.771
1.764







105
105
105
105
105

0.0253
0.0252
0.0252
0.0251
0.0250

1000
1200
1400
1600
1800

8.50
7.20
5.90
4.60
3.30

89.88
87.72
85.60
83.53
81.49

9.804
9.803
9.802
9.802
9.801

336.4
335.7
334.9
334.1
333.3

1.112
1.090
1.069
1.048
1.027

1.758
1.752
1.745
1.739
1.732







105
105
105
105
105

0.0249
0.0248
0.0247
0.0245
0.0244

2000
2200
2400
2600
2800

2.00
0.70
0.59
1.89
3.19

79.50
77.55
75.63
73.76
71.92

9.800
9.800
9.799
9.799
9.798

332.5
331.7
331.0
330.2
329.4

1.007
0.987
0.967
0.947
0.928

1.726
1.720
1.713
1.707
1.700







105
105
105
105
105

0.0243
0.0242
0.0241
0.0240
0.0239

3000
3200
3400
3600
3800

4.49
5.79
7.09
8.39
9.69

70.12
68.36
66.63
64.94
63.28

9.797
9.797
9.796
9.796
9.795

328.6
327.8
327.0
326.2
325.4

0.909
0.891
0.872
0.854
0.837

1.694
1.687
1.681
1.674
1.668







105
105
105
105
105

0.0238
0.0237
0.0236
0.0235
0.0234

4000
4200
4400
4600
4800

10.98
12.3
13.6
14.9
16.2

61.66
60.07
58.52
57.00
55.51

9.794
9.794
9.793
9.793
9.792

324.6
323.8
323.0
322.2
321.4

0.819
0.802
0.785
0.769
0.752

1.661
1.655
1.648
1.642
1.635







105
105
105
105
105

0.0233
0.0232
0.0231
0.0230
0.0229

5000
5200
5400
5600
5800

17.5
18.8
20.1
21.4
22.7

54.05
52.62
51.23
49.86
48.52

9.791
9.791
9.790
9.789
9.785

320.5
319.7
318.9
318.1
317.3

0.736
0.721
0.705
0.690
0.675

1.628
1.622
1.615
1.608
1.602







105
105
105
105
105

0.0228
0.0227
0.0226
0.0224
0.0223

6000
6200
6400
6600
6800

24.0
25.3
26.6
27.9
29.2

47.22
45.94
44.69
43.47
42.27

9.788
9.788
9.787
9.786
9.785

316.5
315.6
314.8
314.0
313.1

0.660
0.646
0.631
0.617
0.604

1.595
1.588
1.582
1.575
1.568







105
105
105
105
105

0.0222
0.0221
0.0220
0.0219
0.0218

7000
8000
9000

30.5
36.9
43.4

41.11
35.65
30.80

9.785
9.782
9.779

312.3
308.1
303.8

0.590
0.526
0.467

1.561  105
1.527  105
1.493  105

0.0217
0.0212
0.0206

10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000

49.9
56.5
56.5
56.5
56.5

26.50
19.40
14.17
10.53
7.57

9.776
9.770
9.764
9.758
9.751

299.5
295.1
295.1
295.1
295.1

0.414
0.312
0.228
0.166
0.122

1.458
1.422
1.422
1.422
1.422

105
105
105
105
105

0.0201
0.0195
0.0195
0.0195
0.0195







Fuente: U.S. Standard Atmosphere Supplements, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1966. Con base en condiciones medias todo el ao a 45 de latitud y que
varan con la poca del ao y los patrones del clima. Se considera que las condiciones a nivel del mar (z  0) son P  101.325 kPa, T  15C, r  1.2250
kg/m3, g  9.80665 m2/s.

0
Vidrio, plstico
Concreto
0.0030.03
Duela de madera
0.0016
Hule, alisado
0.000033
Tubera de cobre o latn
0.000005
Hierro fundido
0.00085
Hierro galvanizado
0.0005
Hierro pudelado
0.00015
Acero inoxidable
0.000007
Acero comercial
0.00015
l
3
103 2(10 ) 3 4 5 6 8 104

Tuberas lisas
e/D = 0

e/D = 0.000001

e/D = 0.000005

0.00001

0.00005

0.0001

0.0002

0.001
0.0008
0.0006
0.0004

0.002

0.004

0.01
0.008
0.006

0.015

0.02

0.03

0.05
0.04

Nmero de Reynolds, Re

2(104) 3 4 5 6 8 105 2(105) 3 4 5 6 8 106 2(106) 3 4 5 6 8 107 2(107) 3 4 5 6 8 108

0
0.99
0.5
0.01
0.0015
0.26
0.15
0.046
0.002
0.045

mm

Rugosidad,

Flujo turbulento totalmente rugoso ( f se estabiliza)


estaniliza
estaniliza)

El diagrama de Moody para el factor friccin para flujo totalmente desarrollado en tuberas circulares para usar en la relacin de prdida de carga
L V2
1
e/D
2.51
hL  f
. Los factores de friccin en el flujo turbulento se evalan a partir de la ecuacin de Colebrook
 2 log10 a

b.
D 2g
3.7
1f
Re 1f

FIGURA A-12

0.008

0.009

0.01

e
Material
ft

Flujo
Flujo
transicional turbulento

64/R

0.015

0.02

Flujo
ar, f =
lamin

0.025

Flujo
laminar

1:38 PM

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.1
0.09

2/23/06

Factor de friccin de Darcy, f

cen72367_appx1.qxd

Page 898

TABLAS Y GRFICAS

Rugosidad relativa, e/D

cen72367_appx1.qxd

2/23/06

1:38 PM

Page 899

APNDICE 1

k1
B 2  (k  1)Ma2
0.5(k1)(k1)
A
1
2
k1

ca
b a1 
Ma2bd
A* Ma k  1
2
k(k1)
P
k1
 a1 
Ma2b
P0
2
1(k1)
r
k1
 a1 
Ma2b
r0
2
1
T
k1
 a1 
Ma2b
T0
2

TABLA A-13

Ma*  Ma

Funciones de flujo copresible isentrrpico unidimensional para un


gas ideal con k  1.4
Ma

Ma*

A/A*

P/P0

r/r0

T/T0

0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0
5.0


0
0.1094
0.2182
0.3257
0.4313
0.5345
0.6348
0.7318
0.8251
0.9146
1.0000
1.1583
1.2999
1.4254
1.5360
1.6330
1.7179
1.7922
1.8571
1.9140
1.9640
2.2361
2.2495


5.8218
2.9635
2.0351
1.5901
1.3398
1.1882
1.0944
1.0382
1.0089
1.0000
1.0304
1.1149
1.2502
1.4390
1.6875
2.0050
2.4031
2.8960
3.5001
4.2346
25.000


1.0000
0.9930
0.9725
0.9395
0.8956
0.8430
0.7840
0.7209
0.6560
0.5913
0.5283
0.4124
0.3142
0.2353
0.1740
0.1278
0.0935
0.0684
0.0501
0.0368
0.0272
0.0019
0

1.0000
0.9950
0.9803
0.9564
0.9243
0.8852
0.8405
0.7916
0.7400
0.6870
0.6339
0.5311
0.4374
0.3557
0.2868
0.2300
0.1841
0.1472
0.1179
0.0946
0.0760
0.0113
0

1.0000
0.9980
0.9921
0.9823
0.9690
0.9524
0.9328
0.9107
0.8865
0.8606
0.8333
0.7764
0.7184
0.6614
0.6068
0.5556
0.5081
0.4647
0.4252
0.3894
0.3571
0.1667
0

3.0
A/A*

Funciones de flujo compresible

2.5

2.0
Ma*
1.5

1.0

T/T0

0.5

r/r*
P/P0
0
0

0.5

1.0

1.5
Ma

2.0

2.5

3.0

cen72367_appx1.qxd

2/23/06

1:38 PM

Page 900

TABLAS Y GRFICAS

T01  T02

TABLA A-14

(k  1)Ma21  2
Ma2 
B 2kMa21  k  1

Funciones de onda de choque normal unidimensional para un gas ideal


con k  1.4

P 2 1  kMa21 2kMa21  k  1


P 1 1  kMa22
k1
r 2 P 2P 1
(k  1)Ma21
V1



r1
T2T1
2  (k  1)Ma21 V2
T2 2  Ma21(k  1)

T1 2  Ma22(k  1)
P 02 Ma1 1  Ma22(k  1)2 (k 1)/[2(k 1)]

c
d
P 01 Ma2 1  Ma21(k  1)2
P 02 (1  kMa21)[1  Ma22(k  1)2]k(k1)

P1
1  kMa22

Ma1

Ma2

P2/P1

r2/r1

T2/T1

P02/P01

P02/P1

1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
4.0
5.0


1.0000
0.9118
0.8422
0.7860
0.7397
0.7011
0.6684
0.6405
0.6165
0.5956
0.5774
0.5613
0.5471
0.5344
0.5231
0.5130
0.5039
0.4956
0.4882
0.4814
0.4752
0.4350
0.4152
0.3780

1.0000
1.2450
1.5133
1.8050
2.1200
2.4583
2.8200
3.2050
3.6133
4.0450
4.5000
4.9783
5.4800
6.0050
6.5533
7.1250
7.7200
8.3383
8.9800
9.6450
10.3333
18.5000
29.000


1.0000
1.1691
1.3416
1.5157
1.6897
1.8621
2.0317
2.1977
2.3592
2.5157
2.6667
2.8119
2.9512
3.0845
3.2119
3.3333
3.4490
3.5590
3.6636
3.7629
3.8571
4.5714
5.0000
6.0000

1.0000
1.0649
1.1280
1.1909
1.2547
1.3202
1.3880
1.4583
1.5316
1.6079
1.6875
1.7705
1.8569
1.9468
2.0403
2.1375
2.2383
2.3429
2.4512
2.5632
2.6790
4.0469
5.8000


1.0000
0.9989
0.9928
0.9794
0.9582
0.9298
0.8952
0.8557
0.8127
0.7674
0.7209
0.6742
0.6281
0.5833
0.5401
0.4990
0.4601
0.4236
0.3895
0.3577
0.3283
0.1388
0.0617
0

1.8929
2.1328
2.4075
2.7136
3.0492
3.4133
3.8050
4.2238
4.6695
5.1418
5.6404
6.1654
6.7165
7.2937
7.8969
8.5261
9.1813
9.8624
10.5694
11.3022
12.0610
21.0681
32.6335


5.0
P02/P1

P2/P1

Funciones de onda de choque normal

4.0

r2/r1

3.0
T2/T1

2.0

1.0
Ma2
P02/P01
0
1.0

1.5

2.0
Ma1

2.5

3.0

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Page 901

APNDICE 1

T0
(k  1)Ma [2  (k  1)Ma ]

*
T0
(1  kMa2)2
2

TABLA A-15
Funciones de flujo de Rayleigh para un gas ideal con k  1.4

P0
2  (k  1)Ma2 k(k1)
k1
a
b

2
P*0 1  kMa
k1
Ma(1  k) 2
T
a
b
T*
1  kMa2
1k
P

P* 1  kMa2
r* (1  k)Ma2
V


r
V*
1  kMa2

Ma

T0/T 0*

P0/P 0*

T/T*

P/P*

V/V*

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0

0.0000
0.0468
0.1736
0.3469
0.5290
0.6914
0.8189
0.9085
0.9639
0.9921
1.0000
0.9787
0.9343
0.8842
0.8363
0.7934
0.7561
0.7242
0.6970
0.6738
0.6540

1.2679
1.2591
1.2346
1.1985
1.1566
1.1141
1.0753
1.0431
1.0193
1.0049
1.0000
1.0194
1.0777
1.1756
1.3159
1.5031
1.7434
2.0451
2.4177
2.8731
3.4245

0.0000
0.0560
0.2066
0.4089
0.6151
0.7901
0.9167
0.9929
1.0255
1.0245
1.0000
0.9118
0.8054
0.7017
0.6089
0.5289
0.4611
0.4038
0.3556
0.3149
0.2803

2.4000
2.3669
2.2727
2.1314
1.9608
1.7778
1.5957
1.4235
1.2658
1.1246
1.0000
0.7958
0.6410
0.5236
0.4335
0.3636
0.3086
0.2648
0.2294
0.2004
0.1765

0.0000
0.0237
0.0909
0.1918
0.3137
0.4444
0.5745
0.6975
0.8101
0.9110
1.0000
1.1459
1.2564
1.3403
1.4046
1.4545
1.4938
1.5252
1.5505
1.5711
1.5882

3.5
P0/P0*

Funciones de flujo de Rayleigh

3.0

2.5

2.0
V/V*
1.5

1.0
T0/T 0*
0.5

T/T*
P/P*

0
0

0.5

1.0

1.5
Ma

2.0

2.5

3.0

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Page 902

TABLAS Y GRFICAS

T0  T *0

TABLA A-16

r0
P0
1 2  (k  1)Ma2 (k1)/2(k 1)


a
b
P*
r*
Ma
k1
0
0

Funciones de flujo de Fanno para un gas ideal con k  1.4

k1
T

T* 2  (k  1)Ma2
1/2
1
k1
P

a
b
P* Ma 2  (k  1)Ma2
1/2
r*
k1
V
 Ma a

b
2
r
V*
2  (k  1)Ma

fL* 1  Ma2 k  1
(k  1)Ma2


ln
2
D
2k
kMa
2  (k  1)Ma2

Ma

P0/P 0*

T/T*

P/P*

V/V*

fL*/D

0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
3.0


5.8218
2.9635
2.0351
1.5901
1.3398
1.1882
1.0944
1.0382
1.0089
1.0000
1.0304
1.1149
1.2502
1.4390
1.6875
2.0050
2.4031
2.8960
3.5001
4.2346

1.2000
1.1976
1.1905
1.1788
1.1628
1.1429
1.1194
1.0929
1.0638
1.0327
1.0000
0.9317
0.8621
0.7937
0.7282
0.6667
0.6098
0.5576
0.5102
0.4673
0.4286


10.9435
5.4554
3.6191
2.6958
2.1381
1.7634
1.4935
1.2893
1.1291
1.0000
0.8044
0.6632
0.5568
0.4741
0.4082
0.3549
0.3111
0.2747
0.2441
0.2182

0.0000
0.1094
0.2182
0.3257
0.4313
0.5345
0.6348
0.7318
0.8251
0.9146
1.0000
1.1583
1.2999
1.4254
1.5360
1.6330
1.7179
1.7922
1.8571
1.9140
1.9640


66.9216
14.5333
5.2993
2.3085
1.0691
0.4908
0.2081
0.0723
0.0145
0.0000
0.0336
0.0997
0.1724
0.2419
0.3050
0.3609
0.4099
0.4526
0.4898
0.5222

3.0
P0/P 0*

Funciones de flujo de Fanno

2.5

2.0
V/V*
1.5

1.0
T/T*
0.5
fL*/D

P/P*

0
0

0.5

1.0

1.5
Ma

2.0

2.5

3.0

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Page 903

APNDICE

TA B L A S Y G R F I C A S
DE PROPIEDADES
(UNIDADES INGLESAS)*

TABLA A-1I

Masa molar, constante de gas y calores especficos de gas ideal


de algunas sustancias 904
TABLA A-2I Propiedades de puntos de ebullicin y de congelacin 905
TABLA A-3I Propiedades del agua saturada 906
TABLA A-4I Propiedades del refrigerante-134a saturado 907
TABLA A-5I Propiedades del amoniaco saturado 908
TABLA A-6I Propiedades del propano saturado 909
TABLA A-7I Propiedades de lquidos 910
TABLA A-8I Propiedades de metales lquidos 911
TABLA A-9I Propiedades del aire a 1 atm de presin 912
TABLA A-10I Propiedades de gases a 1 atm de presin 913
TABLA A-11I Propiedades de la atmsfera a gran altitud 915

*La mayora de las propiedades en las tablas se obtuvieron a partir de la base de datos de
propiedades del EES, y las fuentes originales se mencionan debajo de las tablas. Con frecuencia,
las propiedades se citan a ms cifras significativas que la precisin proclamada con el propsito
de minimizar el error de redondeo acumulado en los clculos a mano y para asegurar una
correspondencia cercana con los resultados obtenidos con el EES.

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Page 904

TABLAS Y GRFICAS

TABLA A-1I
Masa molar, constante de gas y calores especficos de gas ideal de algunas sustancias
Constante de gas R*
Sustancia
Aire
Amoniaco, NH3
Argn, Ar
Bromo, Br2
n-Butano, C4H10
Cloro, Cl2
Clorodifluorometano (R-22), CHClF2
Dixido de azufre, SO2
Dixido de carbono, CO2
Dixido de nitrgeno, NO2
Etano, C2H6
Etileno, C2H4
Flor, F2
Helio, He
n-Heptano, C7H16
n-Hexano, C6H14
Hidrgeno, H2
Isobutano, C4H10
Kriptn, Kr
Metano, CH4
Monxido de carbono, CO
Nen, Ne
Nitrgeno, N2
xido ntrico, NO
Oxgeno, O2
n-Pentano, C5H12
Propano, C3H8
Propileno, C3H6
Tetraclorometano, CCl4
Tetrafluoroetano (R-134a), C2H2F4
Trifluoroetano (R-143a), C2H3F3
Vapor de agua, H2O
Xenn, Xe

Datos de calores especficos a 77F

Masa molar,
M, lbm/lbmol

Btu/
lbm R

psia ft3/
lbm R

c p,
Btu/lbm R

cv ,
Btu/lbm R

k  cp /cv

28.97
17.03
39.95
159.81
58.12
70.905
86.47
64.06
44.01
46.006
30.070
28.054
38.00
4.003
100.20
86.18
2.016
58.12
83.80
16.04
28.01
20.183
28.01
30.006
32.00
72.15
44.097
42.08
153.82
102.03
84.04
18.015
131.30

0.06855
0.1166
0.04970
0.01242
0.03415
0.02802
0.02297
0.03100
0.04512
0.04512
0.06604
0.07079
0.05224
0.4961
0.01982
0.02304
0.9850
0.03415
0.02370
0.1238
0.07089
0.09838
0.07089
0.06618
0.06205
0.02752
0.04502
0.04720
0.01291
0.01946
0.02363
0.1102
0.01512

0.3704
0.6301
0.2686
0.06714
0.1846
0.1514
0.1241
0.1675
0.2438
0.2438
0.3569
0.3826
0.2823
2.681
0.1071
0.1245
5.323
0.1846
0.1281
0.6688
0.3831
0.5316
0.3831
0.3577
0.3353
0.1487
0.2433
0.2550
0.06976
0.1052
0.1277
0.5957
0.08173

0.2400
0.4999
0.1243
0.0538
0.4046
0.1142
0.1552
0.1488
0.2016
0.1925
0.4166
0.3647
0.1967
1.2403
0.3939
0.3951
3.416
0.3972
0.05923
0.5317
0.2482
0.2460
0.2484
0.2387
0.2193
0.3974
0.3986
0.3657
0.1293
0.1991
0.2219
0.4455
0.03781

0.1715
0.3834
0.07457
0.04137
0.3705
0.08618
0.1322
0.1178
0.1564
0.1474
0.3506
0.2940
0.1445
0.7442
0.3740
0.3721
2.431
0.3631
0.03554
0.4080
0.1772
0.1476
0.1774
0.1725
0.1572
0.3700
0.3535
0.3184
0.1164
0.1796
0.1983
0.3351
0.02269

1.400
1.304
1.667
1.300
1.092
1.325
1.174
1.263
1.288
1.306
1.188
1.241
1.362
1.667
1.053
1.062
1.405
1.094
1.667
1.303
1.400
1.667
1.400
1.384
1.395
1.074
1.127
1.148
1.111
1.108
1.119
1.329
1.667

*La constante de gas se calcula a partir de R  Ru /M, donde Ru  1.9859 Btu/lbmol R  10.732 psia ft3/lbmol R es la constante universal de gas y M es
la masa molar.
Fuente: Los valores de calores especficos se obtienen principalmente a partir de los procedimientos para propiedades preparados por The National Institute of
Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD.

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Page 905

APNDICE 2

TABLA A-2I
Propiedades de puntos de ebullicin y de congelacin
Datos de ebullicin a 1 atm

Sustancia

Punto de
ebullicin
normal, F

Datos de congelacin

Calor latente de
Punto de Calor latente
vaporizacin
congelacin de fusin
hfg, Btu/lbm
F
hif, Btu/lbm

Aceite (ligero)
Agua

212

970.5

Alcohol etlico
Amoniaco

173.5
27.9

32

143.5

368
24.54

248.8
107.9

46.4
138.6

Argn
Benceno
n-Butano
Dixido de carbono
Etanol
Etilenglicol
Glicerina
Helio
Hidrgeno
Isobutano
Mercurio
Metano

302.6
176.4
31.1
109.2*
172.8
388.6
355.8
452.1
423.0
10.9
674.1
258.7

69.5
169.4
165.6
99.6 (at 32F)
360.5
344.0
419
9.80
191.7
157.8
126.7
219.6

308.7
41.9
217.3
69.8
173.6
12.6
66.0

434.5
255.5
38.0
296.0

12.0
54.2
34.5

46.9
77.9
86.3

25.6
45.5
4.90
25.1

Metanol
Nitrgeno

148.1
320.4

473
85.4

143.9
346.0

42.7
10.9

Octano
Oxgeno
Petrleo
Propano

256.6
297.3

43.7

131.7
91.5
99165
184.0

71.5
361.8

77.9
5.9

305.8

34.4

Queroseno
Refrigerante-134a

399559
15.0

108
93.2

12.8
141.9

0.7

Salmuera (20 por ciento


cloruro de sodio,
porcentaje msico)
219.0

Propiedades de lquido
Temperatura, F

Densidad
r, lbm/ft3

Calor
especfico cp,
Btu/lbm R

77
32
90
150
212
68
27.9
0
40
80
302.6
68
31.1
32
77
68
68
452.1
423.0
10.9
77
258.7
160
77
320.4
260
68
297.3
68
43.7
32
100
68
40
15
32
90

56.8
62.4
62.1
61.2
59.8
49.3
42.6
41.3
39.5
37.5
87.0
54.9
37.5
57.8
48.9
69.2
78.7
9.13
4.41
37.1
847
26.4
20.0
49.1
50.5
38.2
43.9
71.2
40.0
36.3
33.0
29.4
51.2
88.5
86.0
80.9
73.6

0.430
1.01
1.00
1.00
1.01
0.678
1.06
1.083
1.103
1.135
0.272
0.411
0.552
0.583
0.588
0.678
0.554
5.45
2.39
0.545
0.033
0.834
1.074
0.609
0.492
0.643
0.502
0.408
0.478
0.538
0.604
0.673
0.478
0.283
0.294
0.318
0.348

68

71.8

0.743

*Temperatura de sublimacin (a presiones por abajo de la presin del punto triple de 75.1 psia, el dixido de carbono existe en fase slida o como gas. Adems,
la temperatura del punto de congelacin del dixido de carbono es la temperatura del punto triple de 69.8F).

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Page 906

TABLAS Y GRFICAS

TABLA A-3I
Propiedades del agua saturada

Temp.
T, F
32.02
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
212
220
230
240
250
260
270
280
290
300
320
340
360
380
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
705.44

Presin de
saturacin
Psat, psia

Lquido

Vapor

Entalpa
de
vaporizacin
hfg, Btu/lbm

0.0887
0.1217
0.1780
0.2563
0.3632
0.5073
0.6988
0.9503
1.2763
1.6945
2.225
2.892
3.722
4.745
5.996
7.515
9.343
11.53
14.125
14.698
17.19
20.78
24.97
29.82
35.42
41.85
49.18
57.53
66.98
89.60
117.93
152.92
195.60
241.1
422.1
680.0
1046.7
1541
2210
3090
3204

62.41
62.42
62.41
62.36
62.30
62.22
62.12
62.00
61.86
61.71
61.55
61.38
61.19
60.99
60.79
60.57
60.35
60.12
59.87
59.82
59.62
59.36
59.09
58.82
58.53
58.24
57.94
57.63
57.31
56.65
55.95
55.22
54.46
53.65
51.46
48.95
45.96
42.32
37.31
27.28
19.79

0.00030
0.00034
0.00059
0.00083
0.00115
0.00158
0.00214
0.00286
0.00377
0.00493
0.00636
0.00814
0.0103
0.0129
0.0161
0.0199
0.0244
0.0297
0.0359
0.0373
0.0432
0.0516
0.0612
0.0723
0.0850
0.0993
0.1156
0.3390
0.1545
0.2033
0.2637
0.3377
0.4275
0.5359
0.9082
1.479
4.268
3.736
6.152
13.44
19.79

1075
1071
1065
1060
1054
1048
1043
1037
1031
1026
1020
1014
1008
1002
996
990
984
978
972
970
965
959
952
946
939
932
925
918
910
895
880
863
845
827
775
715
641
550
422
168
0

Densidad
r, lbm/ft3

Calor
especfico
cp, Btu/lbm R

Conductividad
trmica
k, Btu/h ft R

Viscosidad dinmica
m, lbm/ft s

Lquido

Vapor

Lquido

Vapor

Lquido

Vapor

1.010
1.004
1.000
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
1.000
1.000
1.001
1.002
1.004
1.005
1.007
1.007
1.009
1.011
1.013
1.015
1.018
1.020
1.023
1.026
1.029
1.036
1.044
1.054
1.065
1.078
1.121
1.188
1.298
1.509
2.086
13.80


0.446
0.447
0.448
0.449
0.450
0.451
0.453
0.454
0.456
0.458
0.460
0.463
0.465
0.468
0.472
0.475
0.479
0.483
0.487
0.488
0.492
0.497
0.503
0.509
0.516
0.523
0.530
0.538
0.547
0.567
0.590
0.617
0.647
0.683
0.799
0.972
1.247
1.759
3.103
25.90


0.324
0.329
0.335
0.341
0.347
0.352
0.358
0.363
0.367
0.371
0.375
0.378
0.381
0.384
0.386
0.388
0.390
0.391
0.392
0.392
0.393
0.394
0.394
0.395
0.395
0.395
0.395
0.395
0.394
0.393
0.391
0.389
0.385
0.382
0.370
0.352
0.329
0.299
0.267
0.254


0.0099
0.0100
0.0102
0.0104
0.0106
0.0108
0.0110
0.0112
0.0115
0.0117
0.0120
0.0122
0.0125
0.0128
0.0131
0.0134
0.0137
0.0141
0.0144
0.0145
0.0148
0.0152
0.0156
0.0160
0.0164
0.0168
0.0172
0.0177
0.0182
0.0191
0.0202
0.0213
0.0224
0.0237
0.0271
0.0312
0.0368
0.0461
0.0677
0.1964


1.204  103
1.038  103
8.781  104
7.536  104
6.556  104
5.764  104
5.117  104
4.578  104
4.128  104
3.744  104
3.417  104
3.136  104
2.889  104
2.675  104
2.483  104
2.317  104
2.169  104
2.036  104
1.917  104
1.894  104
1.808 104
1.711  104
1.625  104
1.544  104
1.472  104
1.406  104
1.344  104
1.289  104
1.236  104
1.144  104
1.063  104
9.972  105
9.361  105
8.833  105
7.722  105
6.833  105
6.083  105
5.389  105
4.639  105
3.417  105
2.897  105

6.194  106
6.278  106
6.361  106
6.444  106
6.556  106
6.667  106
6.778  106
6.889  106
7.000  106
7.111  106
7.222  106
7.333  106
7.472  106
7.583  106
7.722  106
7.833  106
7.972 106
8.083  106
8.222  106
8.250 106
8.333  106
8.472  106
8.611  106
8.611  106
8.861  106
9.000  106
9.111  106
9.250  106
9.389  106
9.639  106
9.889  106
1.013  105
1.041  105
1.066  105
1.130  105
1.200  105
1.280  105
1.380  105
1.542  105
2.044  105
2.897  105

Nmero de
Prandtl
Pr
Lquido
13.5
11.4
9.44
7.95
6.79
5.89
5.14
4.54
4.05
3.63
3.28
2.98
2.73
2.51
2.90
2.15
2.01
1.88
1.77
1.75
1.67
1.58
1.50
1.43
1.37
1.31
1.25
1.21
1.16
1.09
1.02
0.973
0.932
0.893
0.842
0.830
0.864
0.979
1.30
6.68

Vapor
1.00
1.01
1.01
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.01
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.01
1.01
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.06
1.08
1.11
1.20
1.35
1.56
1.90
2.54
9.71

Coeficiente
de expansin
volumtrica
b, 1/R
Lquido
0.038
0.003
0.047
0.080
0.115
0.145
0.174
0.200
0.224
0.246
0.267
0.287
0.306
0.325
0.346
0.367
0.382
0.395
0.412
0.417
0.429
0.443
0.462
0.480
0.497
0.514
0.532
0.549
0.566
0.636
0.656
0.681
0.720
0.771
0.912
1.111
1.445
1.885








































103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103

Nota 1: La viscosidad cinemtica n y la difusividad trmica a se pueden calcular a partir de sus definiciones: n  m/r y a  k/rcp  n/Pr. Las temperaturas
32.02F, 212F y 705.44F son las temperaturas del punto triple, de ebullicin y crtico del agua, respectivamente. Las propiedades citadas anteriormente
(excepto la densidad del vapor) se pueden usar a cualquier presin con error despreciable, excepto a temperaturas cerca del valor de punto crtico.
Nota 2: La unidad Btu/lbm F para calor especfico es equivalente a Btu/lbm R, y la unidad Btu/h ft F para conductividad trmica es equivalente a Btu/h
ft R.
Fuente: Los datos de viscosidad y conductividad trmica estn tomados de J. V. Sengers y J. T. R. Watson, Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 15
(1986), pp. 1291-1322. Otros datos se obtuvieron de diversas fuentes o se calcularon.

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APNDICE 2

TABLA A-4I
Propiedades del refrigerante-134a saturado

Presin de
Temp. saturacin
T, F
P, psia
Lquido
40
30
20
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210

7.4
9.9
12.9
16.6
21.2
26.6
33.1
40.8
49.8
60.2
72.2
85.9
101.4
119.1
138.9
161.2
186.0
213.5
244.1
277.8
314.9
355.8
400.7
449.9
504.0
563.8

88.51
87.5
86.48
85.44
84.38
83.31
82.2
81.08
79.92
78.73
77.51
76.25
74.94
73.59
72.17
70.69
69.13
67.48
65.72
63.83
61.76
59.47
56.85
53.75
49.75
43.19

Calor
especfico
cp, Btu/lbm R

Conductividad
trmica
k, Btu/h ft R

Vapor

Entalpa
de
vaporizacin
hfg, Btu/lbm

Lquido

Vapor

Lquido

Vapor

0.1731
0.2258
0.2905
0.3691
0.4635
0.5761
0.7094
0.866
1.049
1.262
1.509
1.794
2.122
2.5
2.935
3.435
4.012
4.679
5.455
6.367
7.45
8.762
10.4
12.53
15.57
21.18

97.1
95.6
94.1
92.5
90.9
89.3
87.5
85.8
83.9
82.0
80.0
78.0
75.8
73.5
71.1
68.5
65.8
62.9
59.8
56.4
52.7
48.5
43.7
38.0
30.7
18.9

0.2996
0.3021
0.3046
0.3074
0.3103
0.3134
0.3167
0.3203
0.3240
0.3281
0.3325
0.3372
0.3424
0.3481
0.3548
0.3627
0.3719
0.3829
0.3963
0.4131
0.4352
0.4659
0.5123
0.5929
0.7717
1.4786

0.1788
0.1829
0.1872
0.1918
0.1966
0.2017
0.2070
0.2127
0.2188
0.2253
0.2323
0.2398
0.2481
0.2572
0.2674
0.2790
0.2925
0.3083
0.3276
0.3520
0.3839
0.4286
0.4960
0.6112
0.8544
1.6683

0.0636
0.0626
0.0613
0.0602
0.0589
0.0576
0.0563
0.0550
0.0536
0.0522
0.0507
0.0492
0.0476
0.0460
0.0444
0.0427
0.0410
0.0392
0.0374
0.0355
0.0335
0.0314
0.0292
0.0267
0.0239
0.0199

0.00466
0.00497
0.00529
0.00559
0.00589
0.00619
0.00648
0.00676
0.00704
0.00732
0.00758
0.00785
0.00810
0.00835
0.00860
0.00884
0.00908
0.00931
0.00954
0.00976
0.00998
0.01020
0.01041
0.01063
0.01085
0.01110

Densidad
r, lbm/ft3

Lquido
3.278
3.004
2.762
2.546
2.354
2.181
2.024
1.883
1.752
1.633
1.522
1.420
1.324
1.234
1.149
1.068
9.911
9.175
8.464
7.778
7.108
6.450
5.792
5.119
4.397
3.483




























104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105

Vapor
1.714
2.053
2.433
2.856
3.314
3.811
4.342
4.906
5.494
6.103
6.725
7.356
7.986
8.611
9.222
9.814
1.038
1.092
1.144
1.195
1.245
1.298
1.356
1.431
1.544
1.787




























Lquido

Coeficiente de
expansin
volumtrica Tensin
b, 1/R
superf.,
Vapor
Lquido
lbf/ft

5.558
5.226
4.937
4.684
4.463
4.269
4.098
3.947
3.814
3.697
3.594
3.504
3.425
3.357
3.303
3.262
3.235
3.223
3.229
3.259
3.324
3.443
3.661
4.090
5.119
9.311

0.237
0.272
0.310
0.352
0.398
0.447
0.500
0.555
0.614
0.677
0.742
0.810
0.880
0.955
1.032
1.115
1.204
1.303
1.416
1.551
1.725
1.963
2.327
2.964
4.376
9.669

Nmero de
Prandtl
Pr

Viscosidad dinmica
m, lbm/ft s

106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105

0.00114
0.00117
0.00120
0.00124
0.00128
0.00132
0.00137
0.00142
0.00149
0.00156
0.00163
0.00173
0.00183
0.00195
0.00210
0.00227
0.00248
0.00275
0.00308
0.00351
0.00411
0.00498
0.00637
0.00891
0.01490
0.04021

0.001206
0.001146
0.001087
0.001029
0.000972
0.000915
0.000859
0.000803
0.000749
0.000695
0.000642
0.000590
0.000538
0.000488
0.000439
0.000391
0.000344
0.000299
0.000255
0.000212
0.000171
0.000132
0.000095
0.000061
0.000031
0.000006

Nota 1: La viscosidad cinemtica n y la difusividad trmica a se pueden calcular a partir de sus definiciones: n  m/r y a  k/rcp  n/Pr. Las propiedades
citadas aqu (excepto la densidad de vapor) se pueden usar a cualquier presin con error despreciable, excepto a temperaturas cercanas al valor de punto
crtico.
Nota 2: La unidad Btu/lbm F para calor especfico es equivalente a Btu/lbm R, y la unidad Btu/h ft F para conductividad trmica es equivalente a
Btu/h ft R.
Fuente: Datos generados a partir del Software EES desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. Fuentes originales: R. Tillner-Roth and H. D. Baehr, An
International Standard Formulation for the Thermodynamic Properties of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) for Temperatures from 170 K to 455 K and
Pressures up to 70 MPa, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 23, No. 5, 1994; M. J. Assael, N. K. Dalaouti, A. A. Griva, y J. H. Dymond, Viscosity and Thermal
Conductivity of Halogenated Methane and Ethane Refrigerants, IJR, Vol. 22, pp. 525-535, 1999; NIST REFPROP 6 program (M. O. McLinden, S. A. Klein, E.
W. Lemmon, y A. P. Peskin, Physicial and Chemical Properties Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80303, 1995).

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Page 908

TABLAS Y GRFICAS

TABLA A-5I
Propiedades del amoniaco saturado
Densidad
r, lbm/ft3

Presin de
Temp. saturacin
T, F
P, psia
Lquido

Vapor

40
30
20
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240

0.0402
0.0527
0.0681
0.0869
0.1097
0.1370
0.1694
0.2075
0.2521
0.3040
0.3641
0.4332
0.5124
0.6029
0.7060
0.8233
0.9564
1.1074
1.2786
1.4730
1.6940
1.9460
2.2346
2.5670
2.9527
3.4053
3.9440
4.5987
5.4197

10.4
13.9
18.3
23.7
30.4
38.5
48.2
59.8
73.4
89.2
107.7
128.9
153.2
180.8
212.0
247.2
286.5
330.4
379.2
433.2
492.7
558.2
630.1
708.6
794.4
887.9
989.5
1099.8
1219.4

43.08
42.66
42.33
41.79
41.34
40.89
40.43
39.96
39.48
38.99
38.50
37.99
37.47
36.94
36.40
35.83
35.26
34.66
34.04
33.39
32.72
32.01
31.26
30.47
29.62
28.70
27.69
25.57
25.28

Entalpa
de
vaporizacin
hfg, Btu/lbm

Lquido

Vapor

Lquido

Vapor

Lquido

Vapor

Lquido

Coeficiente
de expansin
volumtrica Tensin
b, 1/R
superficial,
Vapor
Lquido
lbf/ft

597.0
590.2
583.2
575.9
568.4
560.7
552.6
544.4
535.8
526.9
517.7
508.1
498.2
487.8
477.0
465.8
454.1
441.7
428.8
415.2
400.8
385.4
369.1
351.6
332.7
312.0
289.2
263.5
234.0

1.0542
1.0610
1.0677
1.0742
1.0807
1.0873
1.0941
1.1012
1.1087
1.1168
1.1256
1.1353
1.1461
1.1582
1.1719
1.1875
1.2054
1.2261
1.2502
1.2785
1.3120
1.3523
1.4015
1.4624
1.5397
1.6411
1.7798
1.9824
2.3100

0.5354
0.5457
0.5571
0.5698
0.5838
0.5992
0.6160
0.6344
0.6544
0.6762
0.6999
0.7257
0.7539
0.7846
0.8183
0.8554
0.8965
0.9425
0.9943
1.0533
1.1214
1.2012
1.2965
1.4128
1.5586
1.7473
2.0022
2.3659
2.9264

0.3501
0.3426
0.3352
0.3278
0.3203
0.3129
0.3055
0.2980
0.2906
0.2832
0.2757
0.2683
0.2609
0.2535
0.2460
0.2386
0.2312
0.2237
0.2163
0.2089
0.2014
0.1940
0.1866
0.1791
0.1717
0.1643
0.1568

0.01026
0.01057
0.01089
0.01121
0.01154
0.01187
0.01220
0.01254
0.01288
0.01323
0.01358
0.01394
0.01431
0.01468
0.01505
0.01543
0.01582
0.01621
0.01661
0.01702
0.01744
0.01786
0.01829
0.01874
0.01919
0.01966
0.02015
0.02065
0.02119

1.966  104
1.853  104
1.746  104
1.645  104
1.549  104
1.458  104
1.371  104
1290  104
1.213  104
1.140  104
1.072  104
1.008  104
9.486  105
8.922  105
8.397  105
7.903  105
7.444  105
7.017  105
6.617  105
6.244  105
5.900  105
5.578  105
5.278  105
5.000  105
4.742  105
4.500  105
4.275  105
4.064  105
3.864  105

5.342  106
5.472  106
5.600  106
5.731  106
5.861  106
5.994 106
6.125 106
6.256 106
6.389 106
6.522 106
6.656 106
6.786 106
6.922 106
7.056 106
7.189 106
7.325  106
7.458  106
7.594  106
7.731  106
7.867  106
8.006  106
8.142  106
8.281  106
8.419  106
8.561  106
8.703  106
8.844  106
8.989 106
9.136 106

1.917
1.856
1.797
1.740
1.686
1.634
1.585
1.539
1.495
1.456
1.419
1.387
1.358
1.333
1.313
1.298
1.288
1.285
1.288
1.300
1.322
1.357
1.409
1.484
1.595
1.765
2.049

1.003
1.017
1.031
1.048
1.068
1.089
1.113
1.140
1.168
1.200
1.234
1.272
1.313
1.358
1.407
1.461
1.522
1.589
1.666
1.753
1.853
1.971
2.113
2.286
2.503
2.784
3.164
3.707
4.542

Calor
especfico
cp, Btu/lbm R

Conductividad
trmica
k, Btu/h ft R

Viscosidad dinmica
m, lbm/ft s

Nmero de
Prandtl
Pr

0.00098
0.00101
0.00103
0.00106
0.00109
0.00112
0.00116
0.00119
0.00123
0.00128
0.00132
0.00137
0.00143
0.00149
0.00156
0.00164
0.00174
0.00184
0.00196
0.00211
0.00228
0.00249
0.00274
0.00306
0.00348
0.00403
0.00480
0.00594
0.00784

0.002443
0.002357
0.002272
0.002187
0.002103
0.002018
0.001934
0.001850
0.001767
0.001684
0.001601
0.001518
0.001436
0.001354
0.001273
0.001192
0.001111
0.001031
0.000951
0.000872
0.000794
0.000716
0.000638
0.000562
0.000486
0.000411
0.000338
0.000265
0.000194

Nota 1: La viscosidad cinemtica n y la difusividad trmica a se pueden calcular a partir de sus definiciones: n  m/r y a  k/rcp  n/Pr. Las propiedades
citadas aqu (excepto la densidad de vapor) se pueden usar a cualquier presin con error despreciable, excepto a temperaturas cercanas al valor de punto crtico.
Nota 2: La unidad Btu/lbm F para calor especfico es equivalente a Btu/lbm R, y la unidad Btu/h ft F para conductividad trmica es equivalente a
Btu/h ft R.
Fuente: Datos generados a partir del Software EES desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. Fuentes originales: Tillner-Roth, Harms-Watzenterg y Baehr, Eine
neue Fundamentalgleichung fur Ammoniak, DKV-Tagungsbericht 20: 167-181, 1993; Liley y Desai, Thermophysical Properties of Refrigerants, ASHRAE,
1993, ISBN 1-1883413-10-9.

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Page 909

APNDICE 2

TABLA A-6I
Propiedades del propano saturado

Temp.
T, F
200
180
160
140
120
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
120
140
160
180

Presin de
saturacin
P, psia
0.0201
0.0752
0.2307
0.6037
1.389
2.878
4.006
5.467
7.327
9.657
12.54
16.05
20.29
25.34
31.3
38.28
46.38
55.7
66.35
78.45
92.12
107.5
124.6
143.7
164.8
188.1
241.8
306.1
382.4
472.9

Densidad
r, lbm/ft3
Lquido
42.06
41.36
40.65
39.93
39.20
38.46
38.08
37.70
37.32
36.93
36.54
36.13
35.73
35.31
34.89
34.46
34.02
33.56
33.10
32.62
32.13
31.63
31.11
30.56
30.00
29.41
28.13
26.69
24.98
22.79

Vapor
0.0003
0.0011
0.0032
0.0078
0.0170
0.0334
0.0453
0.0605
0.0793
0.1024
0.1305
0.1641
0.2041
0.2512
0.3063
0.3703
0.4441
0.5289
0.6259
0.7365
0.8621
1.0046
1.1659
1.3484
1.5549
1.7887
2.3562
3.1003
4.1145
5.6265

Calor
Entalpa
especfico
de
cp, Btu/lbm R
vaporizacin
hfg, Btu/lbm Lquido
Vapor
217.7
213.4
209.1
204.8
200.5
196.1
193.9
191.6
189.3
186.9
184.4
181.9
179.3
176.6
173.8
170.9
167.9
164.8
161.6
158.1
154.6
150.8
146.8
142.7
138.2
133.6
123.2
111.1
96.4
77.1

0.4750
0.4793
0.4845
0.4907
0.4982
0.5069
0.5117
0.5169
0.5224
0.5283
0.5345
0.5392
0.5460
0.5531
0.5607
0.5689
0.5775
0.5867
0.5966
0.6072
0.6187
0.6311
0.6447
0.6596
0.6762
0.6947
0.7403
0.7841
0.8696
1.1436

0.2595
0.2680
0.2769
0.2866
0.2971
0.3087
0.3150
0.3215
0.3284
0.3357
0.3433
0.3513
0.3596
0.3684
0.3776
0.3874
0.3976
0.4084
0.4199
0.4321
0.4452
0.4593
0.4746
0.4915
0.5103
0.5315
0.5844
0.6613
0.7911
1.0813

Conductividad
trmica
k, Btu/h ft R
Lquido

Vapor

0.1073
0.1033
0.0992
0.0949
0.0906
0.0863
0.0842
0.0821
0.0800
0.0780
0.0760
0.0740
0.0721
0.0702
0.0683
0.0665
0.0647
0.0629
0.0612
0.0595
0.0579
0.0563
0.0547
0.0532
0.0517
0.0501
0.0472
0.0442
0.0411
0.0376

0.00313
0.00347
0.00384
0.00423
0.00465
0.00511
0.00534
0.00559
0.00585
0.00611
0.00639
0.00668
0.00697
0.00728
0.00761
0.00794
0.00829
0.00865
0.00903
0.00942
0.00983
0.01025
0.01070
0.01116
0.01165
0.01217
0.01328
0.01454
0.01603
0.01793

Lquido
5.012
3.941
3.199
2.660
2.252
1.934
1.799
1.678
1.569
1.469
1.378
1.294
1.217
1.146
1.079
1.018
9.606
9.067
8.561
8.081
7.631
7.200
6.794
6.406
6.033
5.675
5.000
4.358
3.733
3.083
































104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105

Vapor
2.789
2.975
3.164
3.358
3.556
3.756
3.858
3.961
4.067
4.172
4.278
4.386
4.497
4.611
4.725
4.842
4.961
5.086
5.211
5.342
5.478
5.617
5.764
5.919
6.081
6.256
6.644
7.111
7.719
8.617
































Lquido

Coeficiente de
expansin
volumtrica Tensin
b, 1/R
superficial,
Vapor
Lquido
lbf/ft

7.991
6.582
5.626
4.951
4.457
4.087
3.936
3.803
3.686
3.582
3.490
3.395
3.320
3.253
3.192
3.137
3.088
3.043
3.003
2.967
2.935
2.906
2.881
2.860
2.843
2.831
2.825
2.784
2.845
3.380

0.833
0.826
0.821
0.818
0.817
0.817
0.819
0.820
0.822
0.825
0.828
0.831
0.835
0.840
0.845
0.850
0.857
0.864
0.873
0.882
0.893
0.906
0.921
0.938
0.959
0.984
1.052
1.164
1.371
1.870

Nmero de
Prandtl
Pr

Viscosidad dinmica
m, lbm/ft s

106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106

0.00083
0.00086
0.00088
0.00091
0.00094
0.00097
0.00099
0.00101
0.00104
0.00106
0.00109
0.00112
0.00115
0.00119
0.00123
0.00127
0.00132
0.00138
0.00144
0.00151
0.00159
0.00168
0.00179
0.00191
0.00205
0.00222
0.00267
0.00338
0.00459
0.00791

0.001890
0.001780
0.001671
0.001563
0.001455
0.001349
0.001297
0.001244
0.001192
0.001140
0.001089
0.001038
0.000987
0.000937
0.000887
0.000838
0.000789
0.000740
0.000692
0.000644
0.000597
0.000551
0.000505
0.000460
0.000416
0.000372
0.000288
0.000208
0.000133
0.000065

Nota 1: La viscosidad cinemtica n y la difusividad trmica a se pueden calcular a partir de sus definiciones: n  m/r y a  k/rcp  n/Pr. Las propiedades
citadas aqu (excepto la densidad de vapor) se pueden usar a cualquier presin con error despreciable, excepto a temperaturas cerca del valor de punto crtico.
Nota 2: La unidad Btu/lbm F para calor especfico es equivalente a Btu/lbm R y la unidad Btu/h ft F para conductividad trmica es equivalente a
Btu/h ft R.
Fuente: Datos generados a partir del Software EES desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. Fuentes originales: Reiner Tillner-Roth, Fundamental Equations
of State, Shaker, Verlag, Aachan, 1998; B. A. Younglove y J. F. Ely, Thermophysical Properties of Fluids. II Methane, Ethane, Propane, Isobutane, and Normal
Butane, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, Vol. 16, No. 4, 1987; G. R. Somayajulu, A Generalized Equation for Surface Tension from the Triple-Point to the CriticalPoint, International Journal of Thermophysics, Vol. 9, No. 4, 1988.

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Page 910

TABLAS Y GRFICAS

TABLA A-7I
Propiedades de lquidos

Temp.
T, F

Densidad
r, lbm/ft3

Calor
especfico cp,
Btu/lbm R

Conductividad
trmica
k, Btu/h ft R

Difusividad
trmica
a, ft2/s

Viscosidad
dinmica
m, lbm/ft s

Viscosidad
cinemtica
n, ft2/s

Coeficiente
Nmero de de expansin
Prandtl volumtrica b,
Pr
1/R

Metano (CH4)
280
260
240
220
200
180
160
140

27.41
26.43
25.39
24.27
23.04
21.64
19.99
17.84

0.8152
0.8301
0.8523
0.8838
0.9314
1.010
1.158
1.542

0.1205
0.1097
0.0994
0.0896
0.0801
0.0709
0.0616
0.0518

1.497
1.389
1.276
1.159
1.036
9.008
7.397
5.234










106
106
106
106
106
107
107
107

1.057
8.014
6.303
5.075
4.142
3.394
2.758
2.168










104
105
105
105
105
105
105
105

3.857
3.032
2.482
2.091
1.798
1.568
1.379
1.215










106
106
106
106
106
106
106
106

2.575
2.183
1.945
1.803
1.734
1.741
1.865
2.322

0.00175
0.00192
0.00215
0.00247
0.00295
0.00374
0.00526
0.00943








104
104
104
104
104
104

7.879
6.840
6.005
5.326
4.769
4.308








106
106
106
106
106
106

7.317
6.468
5.793
5.250
4.808
4.447

0.000656
0.000671
0.000691
0.000716
0.000749
0.000789










104
104
104
104
104
105
105
105

1.500
8.939
6.043
4.406
3.368
2.653
2.127
1.713










105
106
106
106
106
106
106
106

12.96
7.977
5.830
4.738
4.114
3.716
3.437
3.264

0.000785
0.000836
0.000908
0.001012
0.001169
0.001421
0.001883
0.002970

Metanol [CH3(OH)]
70
90
110
130
150
170

49.15
48.50
47.85
47.18
46.50
45.80

0.6024
0.6189
0.6373
0.6576
0.6796
0.7035

0.1148
0.1143
0.1138
0.1133
0.1128
0.1124

1.076
1.057
1.036
1.014
9.918
9.687








106
106
106
106
107
107

3.872
3.317
2.872
2.513
2.218
1.973

Isobutano (R600a)
150
100
50
0
50
100
150
200

42.75
41.06
39.31
37.48
35.52
33.35
30.84
27.73

0.4483
0.4721
0.4986
0.5289
0.5643
0.6075
0.6656
0.7635

0.0799
0.0782
0.0731
0.0664
0.0591
0.0521
0.0457
0.0400

1.157
1.120
1.036
9.299
8.187
7.139
6.188
5.249










106
106
106
107
107
107
107
107

6.417
3.669
2.376
1.651
1.196
8.847
6.558
4.750

Glicerina
32
40
50
60
70
80
90
100

79.65
79.49
79.28
79.07
78.86
78.66
78.45
78.24

0.5402
0.5458
0.5541
0.5632
0.5715
0.5794
0.5878
0.5964

0.163
0.1637
0.1645
0.1651
0.1652
0.1652
0.1652
0.1653

1.052
1.048
1.040
1.029
1.018
1.007
9.955
9.841










106
106
106
106
106
106
107
107

7.047
4.803
2.850
1.547
0.9422
0.5497
0.3756
0.2277

0.08847
0.06042
0.03594
0.01956
0.01195
0.00699
0.004787
0.00291

84101
57655
34561
18995
11730
6941
4809
2957

Aceite de motor (no usado)


32
50
75
100
125
150
200
250
300

56.12
55.79
55.3
54.77
54.24
53.73
52.68
51.71
50.63

0.4291
0.4395
0.4531
0.4669
0.4809
0.4946
0.5231
0.5523
0.5818

0.0849
0.08338
0.08378
0.08367
0.08207
0.08046
0.07936
0.07776
0.07673

9.792
9.448
9.288
9.089
8.740
8.411
7.999
7.563
7.236











107
107
107
107
107
107
107
107
107

2.563
1.210
0.4286
0.1630
7.617 
3.833 
1.405 
6.744 
3.661 

102
102
102
103
103

4.566
2.169
7.751
2.977
1.404
7.135
2.668
1.304
7.232











102 46636
102 22963
103
8345
103
3275
103
1607
104
848.3
104
333.6
104
172.5
105
99.94

Fuente: Datos generados a partir del Software EES desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. Originalmente con base en diversas fuentes.

0.000389
0.000389
0.000389
0.000389
0.000389
0.000389
0.000389
0.000389
0.000389

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Page 911

APNDICE 2

TABLA A-8I
Propiedades de metales lquidos

Temp.
T, F

Densidad
r, lbm/ft3

Calor
especfico cp,
Btu/lbm R

Conductividad
trmica
k, Btu/h ft R

Difusividad
trmica
a, ft2/s

Viscosidad
dinmica
m, lbm/ft s

Viscosidad
cinemtica
n, ft2/s

Coeficiente de
Nmero de
expansin
Prandtl
volumtrica b,
Pr
1/R

Punto de fusin del mercurio (Hg): 38F


32
50
100
150
200
300
400
500
600

848.7
847.2
842.9
838.7
834.5
826.2
817.9
809.6
801.3

0.03353
0.03344
0.03319
0.03298
0.03279
0.03252
0.03236
0.03230
0.03235

4.727
4.805
5.015
5.221
5.422
5.815
6.184
6.518
6.839

4.614
4.712
4.980
5.244
5.504
6.013
6.491
6.924
7.329











105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105

1.133
1.092
9.919
9.122
8.492
7.583
6.972
6.525
6.186











103
103
104
104
104
104
104
104
104

1.335
1.289
1.176
1.087
1.017
9.180
8.524
8.061
7.719











106
106
106
106
106
107
107
107
107

0.02895
0.02737
0.02363
0.02074
0.01849
0.01527
0.01313
0.01164
0.01053

1.614
1.482
1.350
1.215
1.138







106
106
106
106
106

0.01352
0.01271
0.01183
0.0109
0.01029

2.450
2.223
1.994
1.862
1.727
1.590








106
106
106
106
106
106

0.02369
0.02143
0.01917
0.01798
0.01676
0.01551

7.239
6.350
5.433
4.488
3.354
3.014








106
106
106
106
106
106

0.01007
0.008891
0.007667
0.006387
0.004860
0.004449

4.933
4.500
4.052
3.589
2.614
2.409








106
106
106
106
106
106

0.006577
0.005975
0.005359
0.004728
0.003420
0.003248

Punto de fusin del bismuto (Bi): 520F


700
800
900
1000
1100

620.7
616.5
612.2
608.0
603.7

0.03509
0.03569
0.0363
0.0369
0.0375

9.361
9.245
9.129
9.014
9.014

1.193
1.167
1.141
1.116
1.105







104
104
104
104
104

1.001
9.142
8.267
7.392
6.872







103
104
104
104
104

Punto de fusin del plomo (Pb): 621F


700
800
900
1000
1100
1200

658
654
650
645.7
641.5
637.2

0.03797
0.03750
0.03702
0.03702
0.03702
0.03702

9.302
9.157
9.013
8.912
8.810
8.709

1.034
1.037
1.040
1.035
1.030
1.025








104
104
104
104
104
104

1.612
1.453
1.296
1.202
1.108
1.013








103
103
103
103
103
103

Punto de fusin del sodio (Na): 208F


300
400
500
600
800
1000

57.13
56.28
55.42
54.56
52.85
51.14

0.3258
0.3219
0.3181
0.3143
0.3089
0.3057

48.19
46.58
44.98
43.37
40.55
38.12

7.192
7.142
7.087
7.026
6.901
6.773








104
104
104
104
104
104

4.136
3.572
3.011
2.448
1.772
1.541








104
104
104
104
104
104

Punto de fusin del potasio (K): 147F


300
400
500
600
800
1000

50.40
49.58
48.76
47.94
46.31
44.62

0.1911
0.1887
0.1863
0.1839
0.1791
0.1791

26.00
25.37
24.73
24.09
22.82
21.34

7.500
7.532
7.562
7.591
7.643
7.417








104
104
104
104
104
104

2.486
2.231
1.976
1.721
1.210
1.075








104
104
104
104
104
104

Punto de fusin sodio-potasio (22 por ciento Na78 por ciento K): 12F
200
300
400
600
800
1000

52.99
52.16
51.32
49.65
47.99
46.36

0.2259
0.2230
0.2201
0.2143
0.2100
0.2103

14.79
14.99
15.19
15.59
15.95
16.20

3.432
3.580
3.735
4.070
4.396
4.615








104
104
104
104
104
104

3.886
3.467
3.050
2.213
1.539
1.353








104
104
104
104
104
104

7.331
6.647
5.940
4.456
3.207
2.919








106
106
106
106
106
106

0.02136
0.01857
0.0159
0.01095
0.007296
0.006324

Fuente: Datos generados a partir del Software EES desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. Originalmente con base en diversas fuentes.

1.005
1.005
1.005
1.005
1.005
1.005
1.008
1.018
1.035











104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104

cen72367_appx2.qxd

2/23/06

1:43 PM

Page 912

TABLAS Y GRFICAS

TABLA A-9I
Propiedades del aire a 1 atm de presin
Temp.
T, F

Densidad
r, lbm/ft3

Calor
especfico cp,
Btu/lbm R

Conductividad
trmica
k, Btu/h ft R

300
200
100
50
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
600
700
800
900
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000

0.24844
0.15276
0.11029
0.09683
0.08630
0.08446
0.08270
0.08101
0.07939
0.07783
0.07633
0.07489
0.07350
0.07217
0.07088
0.06963
0.06843
0.06727
0.06615
0.06507
0.06402
0.06300
0.06201
0.06106
0.06013
0.05590
0.05222
0.04899
0.04614
0.04361
0.04134
0.03743
0.03421
0.03149
0.02917
0.02718
0.02024
0.01613
0.01340
0.01147
0.01002
0.00889

0.5072
0.2247
0.2360
0.2389
0.2401
0.2402
0.2403
0.2403
0.2404
0.2404
0.2404
0.2404
0.2404
0.2404
0.2405
0.2405
0.2405
0.2405
0.2406
0.2406
0.2406
0.2407
0.2408
0.2408
0.2409
0.2415
0.2423
0.2433
0.2445
0.2458
0.2472
0.2503
0.2535
0.2568
0.2599
0.2630
0.2761
0.2855
0.2922
0.2972
0.3010
0.3040

0.00508
0.00778
0.01037
0.01164
0.01288
0.01312
0.01336
0.01361
0.01385
0.01409
0.01433
0.01457
0.01481
0.01505
0.01529
0.01552
0.01576
0.01599
0.01623
0.01646
0.01669
0.01692
0.01715
0.01738
0.01761
0.01874
0.01985
0.02094
0.02200
0.02305
0.02408
0.02608
0.02800
0.02986
0.03164
0.03336
0.04106
0.04752
0.05309
0.05811
0.06293
0.06789

Difusividad
trmica
a, ft2/s
1.119
6.294
1.106
1.397
1.726
1.797
1.868
1.942
2.016
2.092
2.169
2.248
2.328
2.409
2.491
2.575
2.660
2.746
2.833
2.921
3.010
3.100
3.191
3.284
3.377
3.857
4.358
4.879
5.419
5.974
6.546
7.732
8.970
1.025
1.158
1.296
2.041
2.867
3.765
4.737
5.797
6.975












































105
105
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103

Viscosidad
dinmica
m, lbm/ft s
4.039
6.772
9.042
1.006
1.102
1.121
1.140
1.158
1.176
1.194
1.212
1.230
1.247
1.265
1.281
1.299
1.316
1.332
1.349
1.365
1.382
1.398
1.414
1.430
1.446
1.524
1.599
1.672
1.743
1.812
1.878
2.007
2.129
2.247
2.359
2.467
2.957
3.379
3.750
4.082
4.381
4.651












































106
106
106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105

Viscosidad
cinemtica
n, ft2/s
1.625
4.433
8.197
1.039
1.278
1.328
1.379
1.430
1.482
1.535
1.588
1.643
1.697
1.753
1.809
1.866
1.923
1.981
2.040
2.099
2.159
2.220
2.281
2.343
2.406
2.727
3.063
3.413
3.777
4.154
4.544
5.361
6.225
7.134
8.087
9.080
1.460
2.095
2.798
3.560
4.373
5.229












































105
105
105
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
103
103
103
103

Nmero de
Prandtl
Pr
1.4501
0.7042
0.7404
0.7439
0.7403
0.7391
0.7378
0.7365
0.7350
0.7336
0.7321
0.7306
0.7290
0.7275
0.7260
0.7245
0.7230
0.7216
0.7202
0.7188
0.7174
0.7161
0.7148
0.7136
0.7124
0.7071
0.7028
0.6995
0.6971
0.6953
0.6942
0.6934
0.6940
0.6956
0.6978
0.7004
0.7158
0.7308
0.7432
0.7516
0.7543
0.7497

Nota: Para gases ideales, cp, k, m y Pr son independientes de la presin. Las propiedades r, n y a a una presin P distinta a 1 atm se determinan cuando se
multiplican los valores de r a la temperatura dada por P (en atm) y cuando se dividen n y a entre P (en atm).
Fuente: Datos generados a partir del Software EES desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. Fuentes originales: Keenan, Chao, Keyes, Gas Tables, Wiley, 198;
and Thermophysical Properties of Matter, Vol. 3: Thermal Conductivity, Y. S. Touloukian, P. E. Liley, S. C. Saxena, Vol. 11: Viscosity, Y. S. Touloukian, S. C.
Saxena, y P. Hestermans, IFI/Plenun, NY, 1970, ISBN 0-306067020-8.

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1:43 PM

Page 913

APNDICE 2

TABLA A-10I
Propiedades de gases a 1 atm de presin
Temp.
T, F

Densidad
r, lbm/ft3

Calor
especfico cp,
Btu/lbm R

Conductividad
trmica
k, Btu/h ft R

Difusividad
trmica
a, ft2/s

Viscosidad
dinmica
m, lbm/ft s

Viscosidad
cinemtica
n, ft2/s

Nmero de
Prandtl
Pr

Dixido de carbono, CO2


50
0
50
100
200
300
500
1000
1500
2000

0.14712
0.13111
0.11825
0.10769
0.09136
0.07934
0.06280
0.04129
0.03075
0.02450

0.1797
0.1885
0.1965
0.2039
0.2171
0.2284
0.2473
0.2796
0.2995
0.3124

0.00628
0.00758
0.00888
0.01017
0.01273
0.01528
0.02027
0.03213
0.04281
0.05193

6.600
8.522
1.061
1.286
1.784
2.341
3.626
7.733
1.290
1.885












105
105
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103

7.739
8.661
9.564
1.045
1.217
1.382
1.696
2.381
2.956
3.451












106
106
106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105

5.261
6.606
8.086
9.703
1.332
1.743
2.700
5.767
9.610
1.408












105
105
105
105
104
104
104
104
104
103

0.7970
0.7751
0.7621
0.7543
0.7469
0.7445
0.7446
0.7458
0.7445
0.7474

104
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
103

9.419
1.036
1.127
1.214
1.379
1.531
1.802
2.334
2.766
3.231












106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105

1.005
1.242
1.498
1.772
2.372
3.032
4.508
8.881
1.413
2.072












104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103

0.7798
0.7593
0.7454
0.7359
0.7247
0.7191
0.7143
0.7078
0.7038
0.7136

104
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
103

5.861
6.506
7.133
7.742
8.906
1.000
1.200
1.620
1.974
2.327












106
106
106
106
106
105
105
105
105
105

1.092
1.361
1.655
1.972
2.674
3.457
5.244
1.076
1.760
2.605












104
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
103

0.8033
0.7649
0.7428
0.7311
0.7245
0.7283
0.7412
0.7491
0.7366
0.7353

4.969
5.381
5.781
6.167
6.911
7.622
8.967
1.201
1.477
1.734












106
106
106
106
106
106
106
105
105
105

7.373
8.960
1.067
1.250
1.652
2.098
3.117
6.354
1.048
1.544












104
104
103
103
103
103
103
103
102
102

0.6638
0.6960
0.7112
0.7177
0.7197
0.7174
0.7146
0.7241
0.7323
0.7362

Monxido de carbono, CO
50
0
50
100
200
300
500
1000
1500
2000

0.09363
0.08345
0.07526
0.06854
0.05815
0.05049
0.03997
0.02628
0.01957
0.01559

0.2571
0.2523
0.2496
0.2484
0.2485
0.2505
0.2567
0.2732
0.2862
0.2958

0.01118
0.01240
0.01359
0.01476
0.01702
0.01920
0.02331
0.03243
0.04049
0.04822

1.290
1.636
2.009
2.408
3.273
4.217
6.311
1.254
2.008
2.903












Metano, CH4
50
0
50
100
200
300
500
1000
1500
2000

0.05363
0.04779
0.04311
0.03925
0.03330
0.02892
0.02289
0.01505
0.01121
0.00893

0.5335
0.5277
0.5320
0.5433
0.5784
0.6226
0.7194
0.9438
1.1162
1.2419

0.01401
0.01616
0.01839
0.02071
0.02559
0.03077
0.04195
0.07346
0.10766
0.14151

1.360
1.780
2.228
2.698
3.690
4.748
7.075
1.436
2.390
3.544












Hidrgeno, H2
50
0
50
100
200
300
500
1000
1500
2000

0.00674
0.00601
0.00542
0.00493
0.00419
0.00363
0.00288
0.00189
0.00141
0.00112

3.0603
3.2508
3.3553
3.4118
3.4549
3.4613
3.4572
3.5127
3.6317
3.7656

0.08246
0.09049
0.09818
0.10555
0.11946
0.13241
0.15620
0.20989
0.26381
0.31923

1.110
1.287
1.500
1.742
2.295
2.924
4.363
8.776
1.432
2.098












103
103
103
103
103
103
103
103
102
102

(contina)

cen72367_appx2.qxd

2/23/06

1:43 PM

Page 914

TABLAS Y GRFICAS

TABLA A-10I
Propiedades de gases a 1 atm de presin (continuacin)
Temp.
T, F

Densidad
r, lbm/ft3

Calor
especfico cp,
Btu/lbm R

Conductividad
trmica
k, Btu/h ft R

Difusividad
trmica
a, ft2/s

Viscosidad
dinmica
m, lbm/ft s

Viscosidad
cinemtica
n, ft2/s

Nmero de
Prandtl
Pr

Nitrgeno, N2
50
0
50
100
200
300
500
1000
1500
2000

0.09364
0.08346
0.07527
0.06854
0.05815
0.05050
0.03997
0.02628
0.01958
0.01560

0.2320
0.2441
0.2480
0.2489
0.2487
0.2492
0.2535
0.2697
0.2831
0.2927

0.01176
0.01300
0.01420
0.01537
0.01760
0.01970
0.02359
0.03204
0.04002
0.04918

1.504
1.773
2.113
2.502
3.379
4.349
6.466
1.255
2.006
2.992












104
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
103

9.500
1.043
1.134
1.221
1.388
1.543
1.823
2.387
2.829
3.212












106
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105

1.014
1.251
1.507
1.783
2.387
3.055
4.559
9.083
1.445
2.059












104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103

0.6746
0.7056
0.7133
0.7126
0.7062
0.7025
0.7051
0.7232
0.7202
0.6882

104
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
103

1.104
1.218
1.326
1.429
1.625
1.806
2.139
2.855
3.474
4.035












105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105

1.032
1.277
1.543
1.826
2.446
3.132
4.685
9.509
1.553
2.265












104
104
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103

0.7622
0.7312
0.7152
0.7072
0.7020
0.7018
0.7029
0.7005
0.6985
0.6988

4.933
5.592
6.261
6.942
8.333
9.756
1.267
2.014
2.742
3.422












106
106
106
106
106
106
105
105
105
105

8.192
1.041
1.293
1.574
2.228
3.004
4.931
1.191
2.178
3.411












105
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
103

1.0050
1.0049
1.0018
0.9969
0.9845
0.9713
0.9475
0.9063
0.8793
0.8563

Oxgeno, O2
50
0
50
100
200
300
500
1000
1500
2000

0.10697
0.09533
0.08598
0.07830
0.06643
0.05768
0.04566
0.03002
0.02236
0.01782

0.2331
0.2245
0.2209
0.2200
0.2221
0.2262
0.2352
0.2520
0.2626
0.2701

0.01216
0.01346
0.01475
0.01601
0.01851
0.02096
0.02577
0.03698
0.04701
0.05614

1.355
1.747
2.157
2.582
3.484
4.463
6.665
1.357
2.224
3.241












Vapor de agua, H2O


50
0
50
100
200
300
500
1000
1500
2000

0.06022
0.05367
0.04841
0.04408
0.03740
0.03248
0.02571
0.01690
0.01259
0.01003

0.4512
0.4484
0.4472
0.4473
0.4503
0.4557
0.4707
0.5167
0.5625
0.6034

0.00797
0.00898
0.01006
0.01121
0.01372
0.01648
0.02267
0.04134
0.06315
0.08681

8.153
1.036
1.291
1.579
2.263
3.093
5.204
1.314
2.477
3.984












105
104
104
104
104
104
104
103
103
103

Note: Para gases ideales, las propiedades cp, k, m y Pr son independientes de la presin. Las propiedades r, n y a a una presin P distinta a 1 atm se determinan
cuando se multiplican los valores de r a la temperatura dada por P (en atm) y cuando se dividen n y a entre P (en atm).
Fuente: Datos generados a partir del Software EES desarrollado por S. A. Klein y F. L. Alvarado. Originalmente con base en diversas fuentes.

cen72367_appx2.qxd

2/23/06

1:43 PM

Page 915

APNDICE 2

TABLA A-11I
Propiedades de la atmsfera a gran altitud
Altitud,
ft

Temperatura,
F

Presin,
psia

Gravedad,
g, ft/s2

Velocidad
del sonido,
ft/s

Densidad,
lbm/ft3

0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
6500
7000
7500
8000
8500
9000
9500
10,000
11,000
12,000
13,000
14,000
15,000
16,000
17,000
18,000
19,000
20,000
22,000
24,000
26,000
28,000
30,000
32,000
34,000
36,000
38,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
55,000
60,000

59.00
57.22
55.43
53.65
51.87
50.09
48.30
46.52
44.74
42.96
41.17
39.39
37.61
35.83
34.05
32.26
30.48
28.70
26.92
25.14
23.36
19.79
16.23
12.67
9.12
5.55
1.99
1.58
5.14
8.70
12.2
19.4
26.5
33.6
40.7
47.8
54.9
62.0
69.2
69.7
69.7
69.7
69.7
69.7
69.7

14.7
14.4
14.2
13.9
13.7
13.4
13.2
12.9
12.7
12.5
12.2
12.0
11.8
11.6
11.3
11.1
10.9
10.7
10.5
10.3
10.1
9.72
9.34
8.99
8.63
8.29
7.97
7.65
7.34
7.05
6.76
6.21
5.70
5.22
4.78
4.37
3.99
3.63
3.30
3.05
2.73
2.148
1.691
1.332
1.048

32.174
32.173
32.171
32.169
32.168
32.166
32.165
32.163
32.162
32.160
32.159
32.157
32.156
32.154
32.152
32.151
32.149
32.148
32.146
32.145
32.145
32.140
32.137
32.134
32.131
32.128
32.125
32.122
32.119
32.115
32.112
32.106
32.100
32.094
32.088
32.082
32.08
32.07
32.06
32.06
32.05
32.04
32.02
32.00
31.99

1116
1115
1113
1111
1109
1107
1105
1103
1101
1099
1097
1095
1093
1091
1089
1087
1085
1083
1081
1079
1077
1073
1069
1065
1061
1057
1053
1049
1045
1041
1037
1029
1020
1012
1003
995
987
978
969
968
968
968
968
968
968

0.07647
0.07536
0.07426
0.07317
0.07210
0.07104
0.06998
0.06985
0.06792
0.06690
0.06590
0.06491
0.06393
0.06296
0.06200
0.06105
0.06012
0.05919
0.05828
0.05738
0.05648
0.05473
0.05302
0.05135
0.04973
0.04814
0.04659
0.04508
0.04361
0.04217
0.04077
0.03808
0.03553
0.03311
0.03082
0.02866
0.02661
0.02468
0.02285
0.02079
0.01890
0.01487
0.01171
0.00922
0.00726

Viscosidad
m, lbm/ft s
1.202
1.199
1.196
1.193
1.190
1.186
1.183
1.180
1.177
1.173
1.170
1.167
1.164
1.160
1.157
1.154
1.150
1.147
1.144
1.140
1.137
1.130
1.124
1.117
1.110
1.104
1.097
1.090
1.083
1.076
1.070
1.056
1.042
1.028
1.014
1.000
0.986
0.971
0.956
0.955
0.955
0.955
0.955
0.955
0.955















































105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105
105

Conductividad
trmica,
Btu/h ft R
0.0146
0.0146
0.0146
0.0145
0.0145
0.0144
0.0144
0.0143
0.0143
0.0142
0.0142
0.0141
0.0141
0.0141
0.0140
0.0140
0.0139
0.0139
0.0138
0.0138
0.0137
0.0136
0.0136
0.0135
0.0134
0.0133
0.0132
0.0132
0.0130
0.0129
0.0128
0.0126
0.0124
0.0122
0.0121
0.0119
0.0117
0.0115
0.0113
0.0113
0.0113
0.0113
0.0113
0.0113
0.0113

Fuente: U.S. Standard Atmosphere Supplements, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1966. Con base en condiciones medias todo el ao a 45 de latitud y que
varan con la poca del ao y los patrones del clima. Se considera que las condiciones a nivel del mar (z  0) son P  14.696 psia, T  59F, r  0.076474
lbm/ft3, g  32.1741 ft2/s.

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