Civil Liberties Union v.

Executive Secretary 194 SCRA 317, 1991

Doctrine of the Case: In other words, Section 7, Article I-XB is meant to lay down the general rule
applicable to all elective and appointive public officials and employees, while Section 13, Article VII is
meant to be the exception applicable only to the President, the Vice- President, Members of the Cabinet,
their deputies and assistants.

Facts: The petitioner are assailing the Executive Order No. 284 issued by the President allowing cabinet
members, undersecretary or assistant secretaries and other appointive officials of the executive
department to hold 2 positions in the government and government corporations and to receive additional
compensation. They find it unconstitutional against the provision provided by Section 13, Article VII
prohibiting the President, Cabinet members and their deputies to hold any other office or employment.
Section 7, par. (2), Article IX-B further states that Unless otherwise allowed by law or by the primary
functions of his position, no appointive official shall hold any other office or employment in the
Government or any subdivision, agency or instrumentality thereof, including government-owned or
controlled corporation or their subsidiaries." In the opinion of the DOJ as affirmed by the Solicitor General,
the said Executive Order is valid and constitutional as Section 7 of Article IX-B stated unless otherwise
allowed by law which is construed to be an exemption from that stipulated on Article VII, section 13, such
as in the case of the Vice President who is constitutionally allowed to become a cabinet member and the
Secretary of Justice as ex-officio member of the Judicial and Bar Council.
Issue: Whether or not the prohibition in Section 13, Article VII of the 1987 Constitution insofar as Cabinet
members, their deputies or assistants are concerned admit of the broad exceptions made for appointive
officials in general under Section 7, par. (2), Article I-XB
Ruling: No. Although Section 7, Article I-XB already contains a blanket prohibition against the holding of
multiple offices or employment in the government subsuming both elective and appointive public officials,
the Constitutional Commission should see it fit to formulate another provision, Sec. 13, Article VII,
specifically prohibiting the President, Vice-President, members of the Cabinet, their deputies and
assistants from holding any other office or employment during their tenure, unless otherwise provided in
the Constitution itself. While all other appointive officials in the civil service are allowed to hold other office
or employment in the government during their tenure when such is allowed by law or by the primary
functions of their positions, members of the Cabinet, their deputies and assistants may do so only when
expressly authorized by the Constitution itself. In other words, Section 7, Article I-XB is meant to lay down
the general rule applicable to all elective and appointive public officials and employees, while Section 13,
Article VII is meant to be the exception applicable only to the President, the Vice- President, Members of
the Cabinet, their deputies and assistants.
The phrase unless otherwise provided in this Constitution must be given a literal interpretation to refer
only to those particular instances cited in the Constitution itself, to wit: the Vice-President being appointed

as a member of the Cabinet under Section 3, par. (2), Article VII; or acting as President in those instances
provided under Section 7, pars. (2) and (3), Article VII; and, the Secretary of Justice being ex-officio
member of the Judicial and Bar Council by virtue of Section 8 (1), Article VIII.