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#1
Wednesday, June 20, 2012

Last Island
Royal Queen of Literature

Join Date: May 2005

Location: Forest of Fallen Stars
Posts: 7,427
Thanks: 2,307
Thanked 15,277 Times in 4,819 Posts

Repeated Questions of Agriculture

CROPS

Pakistan has experienced a good production of various agricultural crops like Wheat, Rice
and Cotton in the recent past, but despite of this the farmers were generally not happy.
What do you think could be the reasons of farmers frustration? Suggest possible solution of
such situation. (2001)

Short Notes: Production of organic rice (2006)

How do you visualize the present sugar crisis in the country? Elaborate various aspects
causing this scenario. Also write down the production technology of sugar cane.(2006)

Short Notes: Soil reclamation (2008)

Short Notes: Mango malformation (2008)

Short Notes: Crop rotation (2009)

Short Notes: Organic crop production (2010)

GENETICS AND BIOTECHNOLOGY

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology are considered to be the sciences of 21st century.
What is the current status of their role in agricultural research in Pakistan and what could be
their possible contribution in future in this context? Comment. (2001)

Differentiate: Genotype and phenotype (2002)

Short Notes: Application of genetics for improvement of crops (2002)

Have Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology made any breakthrough in crop production so
far? Elaborate the scope of modern techniques in enhancing the agricultural productivity
within shortest possible time. (2004)

Short Notes: Genetic Diversity (2004)

Differentiate: Synapses and Synopsis (2005)

Differentiate: Linkage and crossing over (2006)

Genetic resources possess sufficient genetic blood to double the crop productivity. Narrate

their appropriate utilization for maximizing the agricultural production through conventional
breeding techniques and modern approaches of crop improvement. (2006)

Differentiate: Quantitative Genetic Traits and Qualitative Genetic Traits (2007)

Short Notes: Genetically Modified Organisms (2007)

Differentiate: Homozygous and Heterozygous (2007)

What are the Genetic consequences of self-fertilization and of cross-fertilization in

crops? (2007)

Describe the impact of environmental changes on the physiology of plants in general and
vegetables and fruits in particular. What are important biotechnological techniques to cater
need for breeding resistant plants against these changes? (2008)

Short Notes: Genetic engineering (2009)

Define biotechnology and discuss in detail the role of biotechnology in crop

improvement. (2009)

Short Notes: genetic resources and their conservation (2010)

Narrate the modern techniques of genetics regarding crop involvement. Discuss the
prospects of new technologies to have the possibilities of another green revolution.(2010)

What is modern concept of genetics, gene and gene information? How knowledge of
genetics can be used for improving per hectare yield of crops? (2012)

What is hybrid vigour? Explain the procedure of developing a hybrid corn. (2013)

BIOTIC STRESS

Discuss biotic stresses affecting crop production and discuss perspective of integrated pest
Management with special reference of Pakistan. (2003)

How genetic manipulation of field crops can improve the tolerance of the plants to a biotic
stress? (2005)

Discuss the biotic stresses affecting crop production and illustrate the role of IPM to
overcome these. (2006)

Biotic stresses are the matter of great concern in agricultural crop production . Give a
comprehensive approach of various pathways to protect the crops from these
threats. (2010)

PLANTS AND FRUITS

Differentiate: Determinate and Indeterminate plant species (2002)

Differentiate: C3 and C4 plants (2004). (2010)

Differentiate: Pomes and stone fruits (2004)

Differentiate: True fruits and False fruits (2005)

Differentiate: Halophytes and xerophytes (2006)

Differentiate: Monoecious Plants and Dioecious (2007)

Differentiate: Parasite and Predator (2012)

PLANT PROPAGATION

What are prerequisites for successful plant propagation? Discuss different modes of
reproduction and factors influencing success in vegetable propagation? (2003)

Discuss in detail different techniques used for the asexual propagation of fruit
plants. (2009)

BIOLOGICAL N FIXATION

What is biological Nitrogen fixation? Explain the factors affecting the biological Nfixation? (2001)(2013)

Short Notes: Factors affecting biological nitrogen fixation (2009)

Differentiate: biological nitrogen fixation and nitrification (2010)

What is the ultimate source of nitrogen in soil? Explain in detail how it is fixed and made
available to the plants.(2014)

LAW OF INHERITANCE

What are the basic laws of Inheritance? Comment how these laws have helped in the
process of crop improvement in agriculture?(2001)

Discuss the impact of land reforms and law of inheritance on the agriculture in Pakistan. Are
you in favor of more land reforms or support Corporate farming? Give reasons. (2011)

FORESTRY AND RANGE MANAGEMENT

Enumerate the scope of range management in Pakistan and discuss its role in the
development of dairy sector in the country. (2009)

Short Notes: Range management in Pakistan (2010)

Discuss the role of forests in environment and climate change perspective. What are the
reasons of deforestation in Pakistan? Suggest measures to improve the situation.(2011)

Describe forestry and range management. Illustrate measures to overcome problems of

deforestation in Pakistan (2012)

LAND REFORMS

Land Degradation has become a serious threat to the environments and economic
sustainability in various parts of the world. Industrial development is also necessary to bring
Pakistan at par with other countries in the region and it should not depend solely on
agricultural produces for prosperity. How can you present a case of land degradation due to
industrial development, land reforms and agricultural operations in Pakistan? Also discuss

the remedies of possible causes of land degradation.(2008)

Discuss the impact of land reforms and law of inheritance on the agriculture in Pakistan. Are
you in favor of more land reforms or support Corporate farming? Give reasons. (2011)

Differentiate: Land reform and land tenure (2012)

Short Notes : Land tenure system in Pakistan. (2013)

PEST CONTROL

Describe the principle of Insect Pest Control in agriculture crops. (2001)

Discuss methods of pest control and pathogen effect on plant physiological

functions. (2002)

Differentiate: Biological and chemical control of crop pests (2006)

Short Notes: Biological Control of Pest (2007)

Describe different methods of pest control in crops with main emphasis on biological control
of insect-pests? (2009)

Why indiscriminate use of pesticides is being discourage? Suggest steps for implementation
of pesticides laws in the country. (2011)

Define insect pest management. How can you suggest IPM strategy to control insect pests
of cotton crop? (2012)

HORTICULTURE

Horticulture industry is an emerging industry in Pakistan; how do you comment on it?

(2001)

Briefly discuss the major problems and possible solutions for increasing productivity of
horticultural crops. (2002)

Horticultural crops have not been properly exploited according to their potential. How these
can play better role that the major crops in agriculture of the country?(2004)

Short Notes: Modern concept of horticultural industry (2005)

Short Notes: potential of horticulture sector as an industry (2010)

Short Notes:Status of Horticulture in Pakistan. (2010)

POPULATION

Short Notes: Population problems of rural Pakistan (2001)

SOIL

Short Notes: Role of Organic matter in soil (2001)(2013)

ANS:
Almost all life in the soil is dependent on organic

matter for nutrients and energy. People have long

recognized the importance of organic matter for
plant growth. Although organic matter in soils is
very beneficial, Justus von Liebig, a famous German chemist, pointed out about 150 years
ago
that soils composed entirely of organic matter are
naturally infertile. This chapter considers the origin, nature, and importance of the organic
matter
i n soils. DECOMPOSITION AND ACCUMULATION
The primary or original source of soil organic
matter (SOM) is the production of the primary
producers-the higher plants. This organic material is subsequently consumed and
decomposed
by soil organisms. The result is the decomposition and the accumulation of organic matter
in soils that has great diversity and a highly variable composition.

Short Notes: Soil erosion and conservation (2001)

Short Notes: Soil texture and structure and their management (2002)

Differentiate: Soil texture & soil structure (2003), (2012)

Discuss the role of soil in relation to crop production. What is the significance of different
phases of soil in plant nutrition? (2003)

Differentiate: Saline soils and sodic soils (2004)

What are soil texture and soil structure? How the soil texture and structure affects the plant
growth. Discuss in detail. (2005)

Short Notes: Role of organic matter in soil productivity (2005), (2006)

Discuss the important physical properties of soils that are of major interest to crop
producers. (2007)

Short Notes: Soil reclamation (2008)

Short Notes: Soil erosion (2009)

Discuss the causes of soil salinity and water-logging in irrigated agriculture. Suggest
appropriate recommendations to reclaim saline sodic soils. (2010)

Define Soil Erosion. Suggest ways and means to be adopted for soil conservation in the
rainfed areas of Punjab (2012)

How does soil productivity differ from soil fertility? What are the factors responsible for
degradation of soil productivity? Suggest practical measures to improve it.(2014)

SEED

Short Notes: Hybrid seed production (2006)

Differentiate: basic seed and certified seed(2004), (2010), (2012)

LIVE STOCK

Short Notes: Live stock as a component of agriculture. (2001)(2004)

Livestock sector has not properly been exploited as per its potential. What measures should
be taken to meet the local demands of milk and meat and also for a better export? (2006)

Government of Punjab and Government of Pakistan is emphasizing on the valuable role of

Livestock in bringing about revolution in dairy products. What is your opinion on this
statement in the present scenario of scientific zeal being pursued in the Agricultural and
Animal Sciences University? Also elaborate by suggesting some means on the shortcomings
in achieving this goal. (2008)

Short Notes: Challenges in livestock management (2010)

What is the scope of modern dairy farming in Pakistan? How mean and milk requirements of
the people could be fulfilled? Suggest a viable and comprehensive plan of work. (2011)

Short Notes: Live stock as a component of agriculturein Pakistan.(2013)

RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGIES

In terms of research and newer technologies in current and future agriculture in Pakistan,
how do you comment on the statement? The basic texture of research consists of dreams
into which the trends of reasoning, measurement and calculations are woven. (2002)

How research can play role in achieving food security? Discuss in detail. (2005)

Short Notes: Role of Agricultural research in food security (2003), (2007)

Short Notes: Importance of statistics in agricultural research (2007)

Agricultural research has significantly enhanced the productivity of all field crops in Pakistan
except the oilseeds. Narrate the main shortfalls and discuss the role of various
institutions/agencies working on these lines. (2010)

IPM TECHNOLOGY

Describe various components of IPM Technology and discuss the usefulness of this approach
with reference with to fore coming WTO regime. (2004)

What are different economic decision levels in IPM? Describe the role of IPM in sustainable
agriculture. (2005)

Discuss the biotic stresses affecting crop production and illustrate the role of IPM to
overcome these. (2006)

WATER

What are the functions of water in soil and plants? How water stress affect the plant growth
and development? (2002)

Short Notes: Crop water use efficiency (2004)

GROWTH

Define growth. Enlist and briefly describe the factors affecting it. (2002)

What aspects of light affect plant growth and development and how they can be managed
under field conditions? (2007)

Short Notes : Genetic factors of crop growth. (2014)

AGRICULTURE

Short Notes: Components of agriculture integrated system (2002)

Short Notes: Role of agriculture in the national economy. (2002)

Importance of Agriculture in economy of Pakistan cant be underestimated. How do you

comment on the statement? (2003)

What are critical issues in agriculture? Write down their solutions for agricultural
development in Pakistan. (2005)

PLANT PATHOLOGY

Short Notes: Foot and Mouth disease (2004), (2010)

Differentiate: Metastasis and Myiasis (2005)

Short Notes: Major disease of wheat crop in Pakistan (2005)

Short Notes: Rust diseases of wheat (2006)

Why it is necessary to understand the life cycle of both the host and pathogen as well as
the disease cycle itself in order to determine appropriate disease control method? (2007)

Discuss the role of environmental factors in the development of infectious diseases in plants
and suggest measures to control these diseases. (2009)

Differentiate: gram blight and gram wilt(2004), (2010)

Differentiate: Pathogen and Disease (2012)

ECOLOGY

Short Notes: Wind erosion (2005)(2014)

Short Notes: Green house effect (2006)(2014)

Short Notes: Conservation of Biodiversity (2007)

Short Notes: Biosafety issues (2007)

Discuss environmental pollution. What are the major causes of environmental pollution in
Pakistan? (2014)

PAKISTAN

Short Notes: Population problems of rural Pakistan (2001)

Horticulture industry is an emerging industry in Pakistan; how do you comment on

it? (2001)

Pakistan has experienced a good production of various agricultural crops like Wheat, Rice
and Cotton in the recent past, but despite of this the farmers were generally not happy.
What do you think could be the reasons of farmers frustration? Suggest possible solution of
such situation. (2001)

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology are considered to be the sciences of 21st century.
What is the current status of their role in agricultural research in Pakistan and what could be
their possible contribution in future in this context? Comment. (2001)

In terms of research and newer technologies in current and future agriculture in Pakistan,
how do you comment on the statement? The basic texture of research consists of dreams
into which the trends of reasoning, measurement and calculations are woven. (2002)

Discuss biotic stresses affecting crop production and discuss perspective of integrated pest
Management with special reference of Pakistan. (2003)

Importance of Agriculture in economy of Pakistan cant be underestimated. How do you

comment on the statement? (2003)

Short Notes: Challenges in animal production in Pakistan (2005)

Short Notes: Major disease of wheat crop in Pakistan (2005)

What are critical issues in agriculture? Write down their solutions for agricultural
development in Pakistan. (2005)

Write a comprehensive note on the nutrient management for sustainable crop production in
various zones of Pakistan. (2006)

What are the reasons for low per unit yield of most of the crops in Pakistan as compared to
other countries? Suggest measures for enhancement of per unit yield in Pakistan. (2007)

Pakistan ranks as one of those countries that have the highest proportion of irrigated
cropped area in the world, but water is becoming a limiting factor for different crops in
different seasons. What measures have been taken by the Government of Pakistan under
President's Vision of Pakistan program to solve the problems of water scarcity? (2008)

How can an efficient sustainable agricultural system ensure food security and safety? Can
you forecast the ability of this system to contribute to the economic development and
poverty alleviation in Pakistan? (2008)

Government of Punjab and Government of Pakistan is emphasizing on the valuable role of

Livestock in bringing about revolution in dairy products. What is your opinion on this
statement in the present scenario of scientific zeal being pursued in the Agricultural and
Animal Sciences University? Also elaborate by suggesting some means on the shortcomings
in achieving this goal. (2008)

Year 2007 is seventh year of 21st Century. An array of challenges was identified regarding
improving farm production and incomes at the beginning of this century. Can you discuss

those challenges and how has Pakistan been able to cope with? (2008)

Importance of Agricultural Marketing and Research in Pakistan can not be ignored, despite
all efforts to stabilize the markets of agricultural produces; there are still many gaps in
efficient and substantial system for prices of these produces. Discuss in detail the present
system and ways of its improvement in future keeping in view Globalization and
WTO. (2008)

What are surplus export agricultural commodities access for these commodities? Discuss
Governmental policies in enhancement of their production and export facilities.(2008)

Discuss in detail the situation of development in agriculture sector in Pakistan and describe
strategies to boost agricultural production in the country. (2009)

Short Notes: Prospects of meat industry in Pakistan(2009)

Enumerate the scope of range management in Pakistan and discuss its role in the
development of dairy sector in the country. (2009)

Agricultural research has significantly enhanced the productivity of all field crops in Pakistan
except the oilseeds. Narrate the main shortfalls and discuss the role of various
institutions/agencies working on these lines. (2010)

Discuss the role of forests in environment and climate change perspective. What are the
reasons of deforestation in Pakistan? Suggest measures to improve the situation.(2011)

What is the scope of modern dairy farming in Pakistan? How mean and milk requirements of
the people could be fulfilled? Suggest a viable and comprehensive plan of work. (2011)

Explain the reason of low crop yields in Pakistan as compared with neighboring countries.
Why Pakistan could not achieve self sufficiency in edible oil, pulses and sugar? Suggest
measures to improve the situation. (2011)

Describe the canal irrigatin system of Pakistan. What are the main causes of shortage of
irrigation water for rabi crops? Give suggestions to prove the availability of water during
peak period of requirement. (2011)

Describe forestry and range management. Illustrate measures to overcome problems of

deforestation in Pakistan (2012)

Write a detailed note on prospects of Farm Mechanization in Pakistan. (2013)

What are the sources of irrigation water in Pakistan? Explain different methods of irrigation
to agricultural crops. (2013)

What are major insects, pests and diseases of cotton crop in Pakistan? Suggest and explain
an economical strategy to be
adopted by the farmers to minimize the losses due to these menaces. (2013)

Short Notes : Water logging and salinity in Pakistan. (2013)

What are the major factors responsible of low yield of vegetables in Pakistan? What
measures are necessary to increase their production?(2014)

Describe in detail the benefits and drawbacks of fertilizer and pesticide use in Pakistan.
(2014)

MISCELLANEOUS

Discuss measures to bridge the gaps persisting between national average yield of major
crops and their potential yield. (2003)

Improvement in price control mechanism of agricultural commodities and their marketing

system can break the stagnation in agriculture sector. Identify the main bottlenecks and
suggest the appropriate strategies to overcome the shortfalls of the existing
systems. (2004)

Huge import bill of edible oil is a big burden on the national economy for the last quarter
century. What necessary measures would you suggest to boost oilseed crop production and
to avert this serious crisis? (2004)

Support price of agricultural commodities generally favours to enhance crop production in

the country. Despite this, we are lagging behind in average yields than the technologically
advanced countries. Discuss the reasons and suggest strategies to prevail this
situation. (2006)

Price control mechanism of some major agricultural commodities has failed in the country in
the near past. Identify the main bottlenecks and suggest necessary measures to strengthen
the existing marketing system. (2010)

What is agricultural mechanization? How can you reduce use of irrigation water through
advanced irrigation techniques? (2012)

Describe major management and breeding problems in: (2012)

1. Fruits
2. Vegetables

Expalin the process of protein synthesis in plant cell. (2013)

What are genetically modified organism (GM) and GM foods? Why are GM foods produced
Mention the sound scientific basis for considering it safe for human health.(2014)

Differentiate: Transpiration and Evapotranspiration (2002)

Differentiate: Alley cropping and strip planting (2002)

Differentiate: Photosynthesis and Phototropism (2002)

Differentiate: Respiration and photorespiration (2003)

Differentiate: Tissue culture & Mutation breeding (2003)

Differentiate: Apoplasmic & Symplasmic ion movement (2003)

Differentiate: Thin layer chromatography vs. Gas chromatography (2003)

Differentiate: Macro nutrients and micro nutrients (2004)

Differentiate: Pathogenesis and Parthenogenesis (2004)

Differentiate: Epigeal germination and Hypogial germination (2005)

Differentiate: Eluviation and Illuviation (2005)

Differentiate: Oviparous insects and Viviparous Insects (2005)

Differentiate: HPLC and TLC (2005)

Differentiate: Vertical resistance and horizontal resistance against plant

pathogens (2004), (2006)

Differentiate: Sericulture and silviculture (2006), (2010)

Differentiate: Double cross and Double fertilization (2007)

Differentiate: Photosynthesis and Phototropism (2007)

Differentiate: Autotrophic and Auxotrophic (2007)

Differentiate: Respiration and transpiration (2010)

Differentiate: Organic farming and tunnel cultivation (2012)

Short Notes: Conducting tissues of carbohydrates, water and minerals. (2002)

Short Notes: Photoperiodism (2002), (2003), (2005), (2006)

Short Notes: Alliloparatism (2003), (2004),

Short Notes: Integrated plant nutrient system (IPNS) (2003)

Short Notes: Impact of WTO on agriculture in developing countries. (2003)

Short Notes: Role of Biofertilizers in Agriculture (2003)

Short Notes: Hybrid vigour (2004)

Short Notes: Principles of crop management (2005)

Short Notes: Thermoperiodism (2002), (2006)

Short Notes: Saline agriculture (2006)

Short Notes: Tunnel Farming (2008)

Short Notes: Compost (2008)

Short Notes: Herbicide resistance (2008)

Short Notes: Effective microorganisms (EM) technology (2009)

Short Notes: Agro Forestry (2013)

Short Notes:Organic framing(2014)

Short Notes:Hidden hunger in crop plants(2014)

Short Notes:Selective and non selective herbicides.(2014)

__________________
The Me you have always known, the Me that's a stranger still.
Last edited by Amna; Tuesday, January 13, 2015 at 12:58 AM. Reason: Updated

The Following 2 Users Say Thank You to Last Island For This Useful Post:
mariyah (Monday, June 25, 2012), shoaib kohli (Tuesday, February 12, 2013)

#2
Friday, September 12, 2014

waqarsalman
Member

Join Date: Mar 2014

Location: Peshawar
Posts: 61
Thanks: 10
Thanked 3 Times in 2 Posts

bhai achi si books recommend kar do.

#3
Friday, September 12, 2014

rocksever
Senior Member

Join Date: Sep 2013

Location: Rawalpindi
Posts: 246
Thanks: 20
Thanked 113 Times in 85 Posts

Quote:

Originally Posted by waqarsalman

bhai achi si books recommend kar do.
General Agriculture by Dr. Athar Ali Khan
#4
Tuesday, September 16, 2014

waqarsalman
Member

Join Date: Mar 2014

Location: Peshawar
Posts: 61
Thanks: 10
Thanked 3 Times in 2 Posts

Attention
Quote:

Originally Posted by rocksever

General Agriculture by Dr. Athar Ali Khan
Yar "General Agriculture by Akhtar Abbas" ye book tu css ka course 30% to 40% cover karti
hai. kuch or books b recommend kr do.
#5
Tuesday, September 16, 2014

Join Date: Sep 2013

Location: Rawalpindi
Posts: 246
Thanks: 20
Thanked 113 Times in 85 Posts

rocksever
Senior Member

Konse topics reh jate hain? Wo separately internet se ho sakte, most of the syllabus is
covered by this 600 page book.
#6
Thursday, September 18, 2014
Join Date: Mar 2014
Location: Peshawar
Posts: 61
Thanks: 10
Thanked 3 Times in 2 Posts

waqarsalman
Member

Quote:

Originally Posted by rocksever

Konse topics reh jate hain? Wo separately internet se ho sakte, most of the syllabus is
covered by this 600 page book.
Yar zara 2014 or 2013 ka paper daiken agriculture ka. is akhtar abbas wali book se apko
malom hoga k 30% lia gaya hai. bqi jo questions hain paper may. wo is book may hain hi
nai.check it

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