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ASSIGNMENT 2
TITLE: WATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS IN AQUACULTURE
NAME: NABILAH ZIEHA BINTI SIKH MOHAMAD
MATRIC NUMBER: BS15110391
LECTURERS NAME: DR. ABENTIM ESTIM
List of contents
Page
Introduction................................................................................................................. 3
Water treatment systems in aquaculture
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
Filtration systems.....................................................................................4-6
Exposure to UV light..................................................................................7
Chlorination...............................................................................................7
Sedimentation..........................................................................................8-9
Aquaponic system.....................................................................................9
Conclusion................................................................................................................. 10
Reference...................................................................................................................10
INTRODUCTION
2
Water played an important role in sustaining the life of aquatic organisms. Especially in
aquatic habitat, water is the great source of dissolved oxygen and food such as suspended
particles of organic matter. Just as humans require clean drinking water to maintain our
health, fish and other aquatic organism need clean water to survive. Because of the reliance
on water for fish to survive, water sustainability and conservation have been becoming
increasingly important. Thus, water treatment system is needed to maintain water quality
and to minimise environmental degradation.
For this assignment, I chose hatchery of Borneo Marine Research Institute for my research
on water treatment systems. With the help of research assistant namely Brendan Tan , he
had guided me and showed me the water treatment systems that was used in the hatchery.
RA Brendan explained to me on how the water treatment systems works especially on the
way filter functions and the components or parts that were used in that filter systems.
If water treatment is not available, water pollution is one of the most significant outcomes,
since aquaculture effluents contain non-ingested food and fishs faeces that affect the water
when discharged without any treatment. Conventional pollutants like suspended solids,
dissolved organic matter and nutrients and emerging pollutants(chemicals), are commonly
found in these effluents. However, uses of chemical to treat water in the hatchery is now
strictly forbidden except for experimental purpose. Re-circulating aquaculture systems (RAS)
that integrate the treatment and the reuse of water in the process are an invaluable
alternative for preventing water pollution by diminishing both the volume and the
eutrophication potential of the effluents.
Moreover, the water treatment systems in the hatchery of Borneo Marine Research Institute
available are filtration system comprises of biological filter and mechanical filter, UV Light,
chlorination, sedimentation and aquaponic. It is critical to have an efficient filtration system to
remove pollutants and excess nutrient. Using UV light and adding chlorine as a water
treatment to sterilize the water by killing and inactive organisms that was in the water.
Whereas sedimentation is a physical water treatment process using gravity to remove
suspended solids from water. And lastly, implement of aquaponic systems has several
advantages over recirculation systems in aquaculture and hydroponic systems that use
inorganic nutrients. One of them is the utilization of wastes generated by the aquatic
components, which are a problem in all production systems.
I.
Filtration systems
granular
media
filter
that
efficiently
removes
This filter bag made of felt materials comes with sizes such as 1 micron , 5 micron and 10
microns. It keeps particulate and other unwanted contaminants that came from the seawater
enclosed in the bag.
This trash net mesh size is 250 micron. It filtered solid particles and unwanted contaminants
such as uneaten or left over feed and faeces by trapping it inside the bag from further
degrading the water quality.
This is one of biological filter that were used to treat water. Coral and gravel act as a
substrate for beneficial bacteria to live. This beneficial bacteria will colonize the tank
surfaces that are exposed to aerated water, including the substrate. For example,
chemotrophic bacteria such as Nitrosomonas sp. utilize ammonia as a food source and
produce nitrite as a waste product. Another chemotrophic bacteria such as Nitrospira sp.
utilize nitrite as a food source and produces nitrates as a waste product. Both Nitrosomonas
sp. and Nitrospira sp. will grow and colonize the biofilter as long as there is a food source
available. Basically, this two beneficial bacteria converting harmful ammonia that can
degrades the water quality and reduce its pH into a less toxic nitrate.
UV Light
light.
6
Use of UV light as water treatment is the most effective method for disinfecting bacteria in
the water. Inside of the UV light machine, the PVC tube has fittings to allow water to be
pumped into one end and then through the entire length of the tube where it then exits. The
UV bulb is inside the quartz sleeve and sealed so that no water can reach the bulb. Anyway,
by exposing water to UV light, it disinfects by inactivating bacteria and viruses. The genetic
material in microorganisms absorb UV energy, interfering with reproduction and survival. It is
used in larvae tank because larvae are vulnerable and have high mortality rate.
III.
Chlorination
Adding chlorine into the water is used to treat water as well. This method is used to kill
certain bacteria and other microbes in the water as chlorine is highly toxic. After that, the
water containing chlorine is then aerated and exposed to sunlight for few days so the
chlorine will disappeared and then will be used as stocking water.
IV.
Sedimentation
are allowed to enter the sludge zone, the sludge could be swept up and out of the tank.
Sludge is removed for further treatment from the sludge zone by scraper or vacuum devices
which move along the bottom.
Outlet Zone - The tank outlet zone (or launder) should provide a smooth transition from the
sedimentation zone to the outlet from the tank. This area of the tank also controls the depth
of water in the basin. Weirs set at the end of the tank control the overflow rate and prevent
the solids from rising to the weirs and leaving the tank before they settle out.
V.
Aquaponic system
CONCLUSION
9
High stocking density of fish and other marine life in the tank usually exacerbates problems
with water quality and sediment deterioration. Wastes generated by aquaculture activity
(faeces and uneaten feed) causes high degree of variability in the concentration of dissolved
nitrates, nitrites and ammonia. Without water treatment, part of the waste is flushed out of
the tank to the ocean and cause pollution. Accumulation of this nutrients lead to eutrophic
conditions that could triggered toxic algal bloom such as red tide and brown tide. Both
ammonia and nitrite can be directly toxic to culture organisms or can induce to sublethal
stress in culture populations that results in lowered resistance to diseases. In aquaculture,
having good water quality is extremely important to enable successful propagation of marine
cultured. Hence, variety of water treatment systems is implemented to treat water and
prevent environmental degradation. For example, by using biological filter such as coral and
gravel which acts as a substrate for nitrifying bacteria like Nitrosomonas sp. to oxidised
ammonia into nitrite and then further oxidation to less toxic nitrate helps to improve the
quality of water.
REFERENCE
-
Joanne E. Frank R. Water and wastewater treatment 2nd Edition. 2013. Taylor &
Francis,LL.C
Normala W. Abentin E. Annita Y. Shigeharu S. Saleem M. Producing organic fish
and mint in an aquaponic system. 2010. Retrieved from
http://aquaponicsjournal.com/docs/articles/Producing-Organic-Fish-and-Mint-in-
Aquaponics.pdf
Sedimentation. (n.d.) Retrieved from http://www.mrwa.com/WaterWorksMnl/Chapter
%2013%20Sedmentation.pdf
Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation. (n.d.) Retrieved from
https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/media/livacuk/radiation/pdf/UV_germicidal.pdf
Water quality and water quality management in Aquaculture. (n.d.) Retrieved from
http://www.neospark.com/images/waterqua.pdf
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