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ThreePhaseCurrentSimpleCalculation
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Transformpilesof
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LEGAL
VIEW INCENTIVES
5.ARCFlashcurrentformula
(/questions/view/question/id/632)
6.howtoselectMCB(/questions/view/question/id/630)
(http://myelectrical.com/Portals/0/SunBlogNuke/2/WindowsLiveWriter/ThreePhase
7.9.5Conversion3Phaseto1Phase
CurrentSimpleCalculation_B865/BlackboardCalculation_2.jpg) Thecalculationof
(/questions/view/question/id/628)
currentinathreephasesystemhasbeenbroughtuponoursitefeedbackandisa
8.NeutralCTsinHV/LVtransformer
discussionIseemtogetinvolvedineverynowandagain.Whilesomecolleagues
(/questions/view/question/id/626)
prefertorememberformulasorfactors,Iprefertoresolvetheproblemstepbystep
usingbasicprinciples.IthoughtitwouldbegoodtowritehowIdothesecalculations.
Hopefullyitmayproveusefultosomeoneelse.
morequestions...(/questions)
morenotes...(/notes)
Contents[hide]
1.ThreePhasePowerandCurrent
Viewarandomnote!(/randomnote.aspx)
1.UsingFormulas
2.UnbalancedThreePhaseSystems
3.Efficiency&ReactivePower
4.Summary
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ThreePhaseCurrentSimpleCalculation
(http://myelectrical.com/Portals/0/SunBlogNuke/2/WindowsLiveWriter/ThreePhaseCurrentSimple
Calculation_B865/image02_2.png)
whichcanalsobeexpressedas:
(http://myelectrical.com/Portals/0/SunBlogNuke/2/WindowsLiveWriter/ThreePhaseCurrentSimple
Calculation_B865/image03_2.png)
Singlephasesystemthisistheeasiesttodealwith.GiventhekWandpowerfactorthekVAcanbeeasilyworkedout.
ThecurrentissimplythekVAdividedbythevoltage.Asanexample,consideraloadconsuming23kWofpowerat230V
andapowerfactorof0.86:
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(http://myelectrical.com/Portals/0/SunBlogNuke/2/WindowsLiveWriter/ThreePhaseCurrentSimple
Calculation_B865/image07_2.png)
emailaddress
(http://myelectrical.com/Portals/0/SunBlogNuke/2/WindowsLiveWriter/ThreePhaseCurrentSimpleCalculation_BF42/Image_2.png)
Note:youcandotheseequationsineitherVA,VandAorkVA,kVandkAdependingonthemagnitudeofthe
Subscribe
parametersyouaredealingwith.ToconvertfromVAtokVAjustdivideby1000.
ThreephasesystemThemaindifferencebetweenathreephasesystemandasinglephasesystemisthevoltage.Ina
threephasesystemwehavethelinetolinevoltage(VLL)andthephasevoltage(VLN),relatedby:
(http://myelectrical.com/Portals/0/SunBlogNuke/2/WindowsLiveWriter/ThreePhaseCurrentSimple
Calculation_B865/image07_4.png)
oralternativelyas:
(http://myelectrical.com/Portals/0/SunBlogNuke/2/WindowsLiveWriter/ThreePhaseCurrentSimple
Calculation_B865/image08_4.png)
tobetterunderstandthisorgainmoreinsight,youcanreadthe IntroductiontoThreePhaseElectricPower
(http://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/172/threephasepowersimplified) post
Tometheeasiestwaytosolvethreephaseproblemsistoconvertthemtoasinglephaseproblem.Takeathreephase
motor(withthreewindings,eachidentical)consumingagivenkW.ThekWperwinding(singlephase)hastobethetotal
dividedby3.Similarlyatransformer(withthreewindings,eachidentical)supplyingagivenkVAwillhaveeachwinding
supplyingathirdofthetotalpower.ToconvertathreephaseproblemtoasinglephaseproblemtakethetotalkW(orkVA)
anddividebythree.
Asanexample,considerabalancedthreephaseloadconsuming36kWatapowerfactorof0.86andlinetolinevoltage
of400V(VLL):
thelinetoneutral(phase)voltageVLN=400/3=230V
threephasepoweris36kW,singlephasepower=36/3=12kW
nowsimplyfollowtheabovesinglephasemethod
(http://myelectrical.com/Portals/0/SunBlogNuke/2/WindowsLiveWriter/ThreePhaseCurrentSimple
Calculation_B865/image12_2.png)
(http://myelectrical.com/Portals/0/SunBlogNuke/2/WindowsLiveWriter/ThreePhaseCurrentSimple
Calculation_B865/image13_2.png)
http://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/8/threephasepowersimplecalculations
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ThreePhaseCurrentSimpleCalculation
Easyenough.Tofindthepowergivencurrent,multiplybythevoltageandthenthepowerfactortoconverttoW.Fora
threephasesystemmultiplybythreetogetthetotalpower.
Personalnoteonthemethod
AsaruleIrememberthemethod(notformulae)andreworkiteverytimeIdothecalculation.WhenItryto
rememberformulaeIalwaysforgetthemsoonorbecomeunsureifIamrememberingthemcorrectly.Myadvice
wouldbetoalwaystryrememberthemethodandnotsimplymemorizeformula.Ofcourseifyoudohavesome
superabilityatrememberingformula,youcanalwayskeeptothisapproach.
Using Formulas
DerivationofFormulaExample
BalancedthreephasesystemwithtotalpowerP(kW),powerfactorpfandlinetolinevoltageVLL
Converttosinglephaseproblem:
P
P1ph =
SinglephaseapparentpowerS1ph(kVA):
P1ph
S 1ph =
=
pf
3 pf
PhasecurrentI(kA)isthesinglephaseapparentpowerdividedbythephasetoneutralvoltage(andgivenVLN=VLL/
3):
S 1ph
I =
=
VLN
3 pf VLL
Simplifying(andwith3=3x3):
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P
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=
3 pf VLL
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STORE(HTTP://MYELECTRICAL.COM/STORE)
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Theabovemethodreliesonrememberingafewsimpleprincipalsandmanipulatingtheproblemtogivetheanswer.
Moretraditionallyformulasmaybeusedtogivethesameresult.Thesecanbeeasilyderivedfromtheabove,givingfor
example:
(http://myelectrical.com/Portals/0/SunBlogNuke/2/WindowsLiveWriter/ThreePhaseCurrentSimple
Calculation_B865/image14_2.png)
http://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/8/threephasepowersimplecalculations
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ThreePhaseCurrentSimpleCalculation
Forexample,takea400V(VLL)threephasesystemwiththefollowingloads:phase1=80A,phase2=70A,phase3=
82A
thelinetoneutral(phase)voltageVLN=400/3=230V
phase1apparentpower=80x230=18,400VA=18.4kVA
phase2apparentpower=70x230=16,100VA=16.1kVA
phase3apparentpower=82x230=18,860VA=18.86kVA
Totalthreephasepower=18.4+16.1+18.86=53.36kVA
Similarlygiventhepowerineachphaseyoucouldeasilyfindthephasecurrents.Ifyoualsoknowthepowerfactoryou
canconvertbetweenkVAandkWasshownearlier.
UnbalancedVoltages
Ifthevoltagesbecomeunbalancedorthereareotherconsiderations(i.e.unbalancedphaseshift),thenitisnecessaryto
reverttomoretraditionalnetworkanalysis.Systemvoltagesandcurrentscanbefoundbydrawingoutthecircuitinfull
detailandusingKirchhoff'slawsandothernetworktheorems.
Networkanalysisisnottheintentofthisnote.Ifyouinterestedinanintroductionyoucanviewourpost:
NetworkTheoryIntroductionandReview(http://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/179/networktheory
introductionandreview)
Summary
Byrememberingthatathreephasepower(kWorkVA)issimplythreetimesthesinglephasepower,anythreephase
problemcanbesimplified.DividekWbythepowerfactortogetthekVA.VAissimplythecurrenttimesthevoltage,so
knowingthisandthevoltagecangivethecurrent.Whencalculatingthecurrentusethephasevoltagewhichisrelatedto
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NOTES(HTTP://MYELECTRICAL.COM/NOTES)
QUESTIONS(HTTP://MYELECTRICAL.COM/QUESTIONS)
thelinevoltagebythesquarerootofthree.Usingtheserulesitispossibletoworkoutanythreephaseproblemwithout
theneedtorememberand/orresorttoformulas.
TOOLS(HTTP://MYELECTRICAL.COM/TOOLS)
STORE(HTTP://MYELECTRICAL.COM/STORE)
SUPPORT(HTTP://MYELECTRICAL.COM/SUPPORT)
Theory(http://myelectrical.com/notes/tag/theory),Fundamentals(http://myelectrical.com/notes/tag/fundamentals),
ThreePhase(http://myelectrical.com/notes?tag=three+phase),Calculations
(http://myelectrical.com/notes/tag/calculations),Power(http://myelectrical.com/notes/tag/power),Voltage
(http://myelectrical.com/notes/tag/voltage),Theory(http://myelectrical.com/notes/tag/theory)
MoreinterestingNotes:
FaultCalculationsIntroduction(http://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/192/faultcalculationsintroduction)
LaplaceTransform(http://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/173/laplacetransform)
ThreePhasePowerSimplified(http://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/172/threephasepowersimplified)
CablesforMVPowerDistributionEarthedversusUnearthedSystems
(http://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/226/cablesformvpowerdistributionearthedversusunearthedsystems)
IntroductiontoCurrentTransformers(http://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/209/introductiontocurrenttransformers)
StevenMcFadyen(/users/steven)
Stevenhasovertwentyfiveyearsexperienceworkingonsomeofthelargestconstructionprojects.He
hasadeeptechnicalunderstandingofelectricalengineeringandiskeentosharethisknowledge.
Abouttheauthor
(/users/steven)
(http://myelectricalengineering.co.uk)
17Comments
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ThreePhaseCurrentSimpleCalculation
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Jointhediscussion
CraigTannous2yearsago
Steven,maybeyoucanhelpmeonthisone...Whatisawatthourmetermeasuring?Isitthe
apparentpowerortherealpower?ThereasonIaskisthatitisawatthourmetersoIassumethat
wearechargedforkW.handnotkVA.h.Thenhowdotheutilitieschargeusforthe"extra"wattage
causedbyapowerfactorlowerthan1
1
Reply Share
StevenMcFadyen
Craig,themeterismeasuringkW.hr.Thisistherealpowermultipliedbythetime(giving
energyused).Forresidentialusers,reactivepowerisnormallynotanissue.Forlarger
commercialusers,thesupplyauthoritymaymeasureandchargeforreactivepower.
Reply Share
CraigTannous>StevenMcFadyen2yearsago
ThanksfortheexplanationSteven.Ididn'tunderstandwhyweshouldbeconcerned
withapparentpowerandthepowerfactorofasystemifitisn'tusedincalculating
consumptionofelectricityforbillingpurposes
Reply Share
StevenMcFadyen
Inadditiontoreactivepowerbilling(ornot),thesupplysystemneedstodeliver
(orconsume)reactivepower,otherwisethingswon'twork.Designersofpower
distributionsystemscanspendalotoftimeonthisaspectanditisasignificant
installationandoperationalcost.
Reply Share
sreeraj>StevenMcFadyen5monthsago
thankyouverymuchsir..iwillcheckandletyouknow
Reply Share
HenryEbiStephen2monthsago
Whensolving3phaseproblemswithoutneutral,whydoualwaysuseV/root3,insteadofusingVline
toline?JstlikedexampleWehaveabove,werewehave80A,82A,70Aand400VLL.?
Reply Share
bernardoricardo4monthsago
Sirwhattransformerkvacanbeuseformymotor45kw220vots3phase?tmx
Reply Share
sreeraj5monthsago
singlephaseis110thenwhy3phase380v...??
Reply Share
StevenMcFadyen
Ithinkyoumean220Vand380Vor110Vand190V.Takealookatthefollowingpost,it
shouldansweryourquestion:
http://myelectrical.com/notes/...
Reply Share
sreeraj>StevenMcFadyen5monthsago
nosir..ifitookaonephaseofathreephasewithrespecttogroundthevoltmeter
shows110v..andwhenaputphasetophasethevoltmetershows380v..itshouldbe
190right..?
Reply Share
StevenMcFadyen
Youarenotmeasuringthephase(LinetoNeutral)andline(LinetoLine)
http://myelectrical.com/notes/entryid/8/threephasepowersimplecalculations
5/7
8/8/2016
ThreePhaseCurrentSimpleCalculation
Youarenotmeasuringthephase(LinetoNeutral)andline(LinetoLine)
voltages.Youaremeasuringlinetoearthandlinevoltages.Ithinktheremaybe
someconfigurationorotherissuewithyourinstallation.
Reply Share
JanNel10monthsago
Stevenwhenyoucalculatethecablespecificationsthatyouwouldrecommendwhenworkingwith3
phasemotors,isthereaguidelinethatcanbefollowedtocalculatetheAWGofthecable?
Reply Share
StevenMcFadyen
Ifyousearchthesite,therearesomepostsoncablesizing.ThesearemostlyIECbased.
YoushouldpossiblylookattheNECforhelpinselectingyourcables.
Reply Share
LewickiLionelBatlhaodiayearago
StevenwhatmethodorcalculationsdoyouusetoselectCB,Fuse,contactorandoverloadfora
motor?
Reply Share
kris2yearsago
Veryhelpful,thanks!However,isn'tthat'S'isthesymbolforapparentpowerinsteadof'Q'under
"DerivationofFormula"?
Reply Share
StevenMcFadyen
Kris,yourcorrect,'S'isamoreappropriatesymbolforapparentpower.Thanksforpointing
thisoutandIhaveupdatedthepost.
Reply Share
Ali>StevenMcFadyen4monthsago
Mr.Stevenifwehave3phaseConnection15KW.ifweuseeachphasetoneutral
15Amps,20Amps,10AmpsandothersideweusephasetophaseeachPhase
21Amps.kindlyconfirmbothsideKWandKWHinaday.
Reply Share
ALSOONMYELECTRICAL.COM
VoltageLevelConfusion
ThermoplasticandThermosettingInsulation
4comments3yearsago
2comments3yearsago
AvatarStevenMcFadyenNotallvoltagelevelsare
multiplesof11(400V,25kV,132kV,400kV,
etc.).Onsome(11kV,22kV33kV,66kV),this
AvatarStevenMcFadyenNotwithoutchangingthe
materialproperties.I'vemodifiedmeltingphrase
intheposttobealittleclearer.
Theacresistanceofconductors
BatterySizing
10comments3yearsago
2comments3yearsago
AvatarStevenMcFadyenAssumingana.c.supply,
ideallyyouwouldneedtocalculateandusethe
a.c.resistance.Youwouldalsoneedto
AvatarStevenMcFadyenThisisadifferenttopic.
Pleasecanyouaskinthe'Questions'section.
Suresomeonewillbeabletohelp.
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