Economic College Virgil Madgearu Ploieti, Romania

Tourism English Certificate

London in the Past and Present

coordinating teacher: Corina Popescu

students: Bianca-Andrada Anghel ; Bogdan Antoniu Icu

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Economic College Virgil Madgearu Ploieti, Romania

Summary
Summary

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Argument

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1st Chapter

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2ndChapter

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Package Tour

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Conclusion

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Bibliography

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Economic College Virgil Madgearu Ploieti, Romania

Argument
Few countries inspire quite like England, home to iconic landmarks such
as Big Ben and even bigger expanses of gorgeous natural landscape.

London, One of the worlds most visited cities, Englands buzzing capital has so much
to offer, from magnificent history and culture to cutting-edge fashion and food..If youve
come in search of the patchwork fields and elegant country gardens youve seen on screen
in Pride and Prejudice or Downton Abbey youll find them and more. As you travel through
villages and towns, listen for the countrys rich tapestry of dialects, which seem to change in
the space of a few miles!
Discover the eye-opening diversity that makes modern Britain from global cuisine to
urban culture. And at the heart of it all, find London. This cutting-edge city is as into its new
trends as its old traditions. You could spend weeks seeking out its hidden treasures, but to
experience England in all its glory, youll want to venture further afield.
The Romans founded London about 50 AD. Its name is derived from the Celtic word
Londinios, which means the place of the bold one.It is thought that London in prehistoric
times was merely a collection of scattered rural settlements. Spear heads and weapons from
the Bronze and Iron Ages have been found around the Thames, and a recent archaeological
dig near Vauxhall discovered evidence of a possible wooden bridge across the Thames around
3,000 years ago!

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Chapter 1

Capital of Britain, London is the political, economic and cultural capital of Britain. You can
visit the Queen's official residence at Buckingham Palace and tour the Houses of Parliament,
historic home of the UK government.

Connectivity
London is incredibly well-connected, with five
international airports and the high-speed
Eurostar rail link. More than 50 countries are
within a three-hour flight time and upwards of
300 international destinations have direct links to
London.

Diversity
London is a city at the centre of the world
and a world in one city. Around 230 languages are spoken here and you'll find a wealth of
different cultures and communities throughout the capital.

History
London's history stretches back over thousands of years, and the city boasts four World
Heritage Sites: the Palace of Westminster and Westminster Abbey, the Tower of
London, Maritime Greenwich and theRoyal Botanic Gardens, Kew.

Attractions
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London's world-class tourist attractions are renowned across the globe. Many of the most
famous attractions are free to visit, for example Tate Modern, the National Gallery and
the Victoria and Albert Museum.

River Thames
The river Thames runs through the heart of
London, from Richmond in the west,
through the central London borough of
Westminster, to Greenwich in the east.
London river cruises and river buses are a
great way to see the city.

Outdoor Spaces
About one third of London is devoted to parks and open spaces, so there are plenty of places
to relax on fine days. Make sure you visit The Royal Parks as well as Hampstead Heath in
North London, which offers amazing views over the city.

Restaurants
There are more than 6,000 restaurants in London so you'll never be short of new places to eat.
London boasts 65 Michelin-starred restaurants and many celebrity chefs are based here, and
there are plenty of good, cheaper options too.

Shopping
According to the Globe Shopper City Index, London is Europe's best shopping destination.
Whether you head to the West End, Westfield Stratford City or a quirky London market,
there's a huge range of places to buy gifts, fashion and food.

Family Holidays
Want to bring your kids to London? They'll have
a great time. London is full of child-friendly
attractions, and many including the Science
Museum and Natural History Museum are free
to visit.

Hotels

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Whether you want to stay in a well-known 5-star hotel, a cosy bed and breakfast or a
cheap backpackers' hostel, London offers a wide range of quality accommodation. You can
browse and book online.

Transport
London's fantastic transport system, with
its Tube, red buses and black taxis, will
enable you to get around the city quickly
and easily.

Accessibility
London's facilities for disabled visitors
are constantly improving, with more
accessible attractions, restaurants, tours
and transport.

History of ROMAN LONDON

The Romans founded London about 50 AD. Its name is derived from the Celtic word
Londinios, which means the place of the bold one. After they invaded Britain in 43 AD the
Romans built a bridge across the Thames. They later decided it was an excellent place to build
a port. The water was deep enough for ocean going ships but it was far enough inland to be
safe from Germanic raiders. Around 50 AD Roman merchants built a town by the bridge. So
London was born.

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The early settlement at London did not have stone walls but there may have been a ditch and
an earth rampart with a wooden palisade on top.
Then in 61 AD Queen Boudicca led a rebellion against the Romans. Her army marched on
London. No attempt was made to defend London. Boudicca burned London but after her
rebellion was crushed it was rebuilt. Rich people built houses of stone or brick with tiled roofs
but most people lived in wooden houses.
By the end of the 2nd century a stone wall was erected around London. The wall was 20 feet
high. Outside the wall was a ditch. In the middle of the 3rd century 20 bastions were added to
the walls (a bastion was a semi-circular tower projecting from the wall).
The population of Roman London rose to perhaps 45,000, which seems small to us but it was
the largest town in Britain.
In the center of Roman London was the forum. This was a square with shops and public
buildings arranged around it. The most important building in the forum was the basilica or
'town hall, which was 500 feet long and 70 feet high. In Roman London there were brick
works, potteries and glass works. There were also donkey powered mills for grinding grain to
flour and bakeries.

Roman London was also an important port with wooden wharves and jetties. Grain and metal
were exported and luxury goods were imported. (Things like wine, olive oil, glass, fine
pottery, silk and ivory).
Rich citizens had baths in their homes but there were several public baths near the city gates.
(Romans went to the baths to socialize not just to keep clean). Most people in the town got
their water from wells and used cess pools but there were underground drains to remove
rainwater.

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Economic College Virgil Madgearu Ploieti, Romania

Roman London also had an amphitheater, which could hold 8,000 people. Here gladiators
fought to the death. Cockfighting was also a popular sport.

Chapter 2
The London Eye is a giant Ferris wheel on the South Bank of the River
Thames in London. Also known as the Millennium Wheel, it has also been called by its
owners the British Airways London Eye, then the Merlin Entertainments London Eye, then
the EDF Energy London Eye. Since mid-January 2015, it has been known as the CocaCola London Eye, following an agreement signed in September 2014.
The London Eye adjoins the western end
of Jubilee Gardens (previously the site of the
former Dome of Discovery), on the South
Bank of the River Thames
between Westminster Bridge and Hungerford
Bridge, in the London Borough of Lambeth.

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The London
Dungeon is one of the
capital's 'must-see' signature
attractions - delighting
audiences for almost 40 years.
a 90 minute journey through
1000 years of London's murky
past. You and your companions
walk through the Dungeon,
moving from show to show, guided by our professional actors.

It's

The shows are based on real London history and legends (minus the boring bits). You'll get up
close and personal with sinister characters including Jack the Ripper and infamous barber of
Fleet Street, Sweeney Todd.
It's a fully themed experience. That means 360 sets, full
on authenticity and theatrical storytelling. On your journey
you'll pass through the Whitechapel Labyrinth of misty
East London streets, plague-ravaged houses, the fearsome
torture chamber... and see (and feel!) what could have been
if Guy Fawkes had succeeded.

London Theatreland, Londons historic Theatreland, also known as the West End, is
home to over 40 theatres showing smash shows and glitzy musicals from Shakespeare to
Wicked. A night at the London theatre is not
to be missed!

Covent Garden, home to the

capitals first planned square, a bustling
covered market and stylish boutiques,
Covent Garden is one of Londons top
shopping destinations. You'll find plenty of
great restaurants, pubs and bars here too.

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Economic College Virgil Madgearu Ploieti, Romania

British Museum
The world-famous British
Museum exhibits the works of
man from prehistoric to modern
times, from around the world.
Highlights include the Rosetta
Stone, the Parthenon sculptures
and the mummies in the Ancient
Egypt collection. Some
exhibitions require tickets.

National Gallery
The
glory of
Square,
London's N
Gallery is a
filled with
European
from the
19th
Find works
such as Van
Vinci,
Constable, Renoir, Titian and Stubbs. Some exhibitions require tickets.

crowning
Trafalgar
ational
vast space
Western
paintings
13th to the
centuries.
by masters
Gogh, da
Botticelli,

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Natural History Museum

As well as the permanent (and
permanently fascinating!) dinosaur
exhibition, the Natural History
Museum boasts a collection of the
biggest, tallest and rarest animals in
the world. See a life-sized blue
whale, a 40-million-year-old spider,
and the beautiful Central
Hall. Some exhibitions require
tickets.

Southbank Centre
Located by the river Thames, the
centre offers sweeping views of the
capital from the Coca-Cola
London Eye to St Paul's Cathedral.
The Southbank Centre is a unique
metropolitan arts centre, with acres
of creative space and an extraordinary history. Includes the Royal Festival Hall, Queen
Elizabeth Hall and the Hayward Gallery.

Tate Modern
Sitting grandly on the banks of
the Thames is Tate Modern,
Britain's national museum of
modern and contemporary art. Its
unique shape is due to it
previously being a power station.
The gallery's restaurants offer
fabulous views across the
city. Some exhibitions require
tickets.

Victoria and Albert Museum

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The V&A celebrates art and design with 3,000 years' worth of amazing artefacts from around
the world. A real treasure trove of
goodies, you never know what you'll
discover next: furniture, paintings,
sculpture, metalwork and textiles; the
list goes on and on Some
exhibitions require tickets.

Science Museum
From the future of space travel to
asking that difficult question: "who
am I?", the Science Museum makes
your brain perform Olympicstandard mental gymnastics. See,
touch and experience the major
scientific advances of the last 300
years; and don't forget the awesome
Imax cinema. Some exhibitions
require tickets.

Somerset House
Somerset House is home to
London's Courtauld Gallery with its
collection of Old Masters,
Impressionist and Post-impressionist
paintings, and The Embankment
Galleries with a rotating programme
of exhibitions dedicated to art, design, fashion and photography.

Tower of London
Take a tour with one of the Yeoman Warders around the Tower of London, one of the world's
most famous buildings. Discover its 900-year history as a royal palace, prison and place of
execution, arsenal, jewel house and zoo! Gaze up at the White Tower, tiptoe through a
medieval king's bedchamber and marvel at the Crown Jewels.

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Package Tour
ROMANIA-LONDON-ROMANIA Price: 465/pers

Schedule
Day 1.
6:30 a.m. Meeting with the guide at the Otopeni Airport - Blue Air check in for flight to
London. Take off at 8:25 a.m. Check in in London at 9:50. Stonehenge and Salisbury
Cathedral trip (the highest in the UK). Tour London route: Tower of London, Westminster
Abbey, Trafalgar Square, Hyde Park, Cathedral St. Paul, Big Ben, etc. Transfer to hotel.
Accommodation in London.
Day 2.
Breakfast. Visit (free entry) National Gallery and the British Museum. Free time. Related:
Madame Tussauds Wax Museum etc. Accommodation in London.
Day 3.

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Breakfast. In the morning, (approx. 10) a boat trip on the Thames at Greenwich - will visit:
Maritime Museum Astronomical Observatory, Meridian Zero. In the aternoon free time shopping. Accommodation in London.
Day 4.
Breakfast. Optional excursion (80 euros, with no entrance fees) at Stratford-upon-Avon. Visit
the birthplace and tomb W. Shakespare from Trinity Church. Oxford Colleges visit (exterior).
Accommodation in London.

Day 5.
Breakfast. Free time. Accommodation in London.
Day 6.
Breakfast. Trip to Windsor Castle and from there travel to the airport.
06:00 p.m. - takeoff. Check Otopeni Airport at 11:10 p.m.

Notes:
Minimum group: 25 people.
Necessary documents: identity card or passport valid for at least 6 months after returning to
the country.
For explanations sightseeing, the group may use the services of local guides.

Standard rates:
Check-out
Royal Scot Hotel 3 *
Hotel Ferrington 3 *
04.09.2016
465
465
The hotels are centrally located in the same area (Kings Cross) to access a single means of
transport (subway or bus) to downtown. Rooms for 2 people with: TV, bathroom with shower
and free tea or coffee. Children 2-12 years (unfulfilled): discount 30

Services included:

Romanian guide services;

5 accommodations with breakfast Swedish buffet in 3 * hotel;
Transport aircraft Bucharest - London - Bucharest;
City tour by bus from day 1;
Trips to Windsor Castle (20 )and Stonehenge (45 );
1 luggage (in the hold of the aircraft) maximum 32 kg and 1 hand bag maximum 7 kg.

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Not included:
195 (paid compulsory agency) for airport taxes / security / check-in and airporthotel-airport transfer;
Tickets for sightseeing (museums, places of worship etc.) and no guides for them.

Conclusion
More foreign tourists flocked to London than any other city in the world last year, new
figures revealed today.A total of 16.8 million people visited the capital a rise of nine per
cent smashing the previous record of 15.6 million, set in 2006. It means London overtakes
Paris to become the worlds most popular destination.
More Americans visited London than tourists from any other country, with 1.88 million
travelling to the capital, spending just over 1.5 billion. The French came second, with 1.87
million visiting, followed by 1.34 million Germans.Tourists have provided a huge boost to the
capitals economy, spending a record 11.26 billion on hotels, restaurants, attractions and
shopping, according to the latest data from the Office for National Statistics.
Mayor of London Boris Johnson said: These record-breaking figures are a tribute to the
outstanding mix of culture, art, music and sport to be found here and more is planned. With
major international sporting events including the Rugby World Cup and the Tour de France
and spectacular exhibitions at the Tate and the British Museum this year, it is clear that this
wonderful city will not rest on its laurels.
Tourism bosses said the growth in visitors was partly down to the showcase effect of the
Olympics in 2012, when images of London were beamed across the world. Kit Malthouse,
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chairman of London & Partners, the Mayors promotion body, said those watching the Games
saw a city beyond the London they learned about in the history books.
The capitals profile has also been boosted by the wedding of Prince William and Kate
Middleton in 2011, the Queens Diamond Jubilee in 2012 and the birth of Prince George in
2013.
Most major destinations on the tourist circuit said they had enjoyed a bumper year, helped by
a warm summer and a weak pound, making London a cheaper destination. Bernard
Donoghue, director of the Association of Leading Visitor Attractions, said numbers were up
12 per cent on average. The British Museum, Londons most popular single tourist
destination, recorded a 20 per cent rise to 6.7 million visitors.
Mr Donoghue said: It feels very, very healthy, the attractions did really well over Easter and
the Bank Holiday.
Paris recorded 15.7 million foreign visits in 2012, the latest year for which it has published
figures. An aide for Anne Hidalgo, the new Socialist mayor of the French capital, told the
Standard: The new British figures will be analysed, but they sound fanciful. Visitor numbers
to Paris are impressive and unrivalled.
The Paris figure is calculated by its official tourism body LOffice du Tourisme et des Congres

de Paris, while the London visitor total comes from the ONSs Travel Trends survey. A
separate independent estimate by Mastercard puts Pariss international visitors at just under 14
million.

London panorama from London Eye

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Bibliography
https://www.thedungeons.com/london/en/default-a.aspx?utm_expid=3460240344.okq2qWnFTc-rPYz-Iv7Frg.1&utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.ro%2F
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Eye
http://www.activityvillage.co.uk/a-brief-history-of-london
http://www.localhistories.org/london.html
https://www.visitbritain.com/gb/en/england/london
http://europatravel.ro/circuite/oferta/londra/289/anglia
http://www.visitlondon.com/things-to-do/sightseeing/london-attraction/top-ten-attractions?
ref=hpmosaic#UjOMRLSc3xXd4gTX.97
https://www.visitbritain.com/gb/en/england/london

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