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The basic form of a verb is called the infinitive. It normally occurs with the word to as in I want to
ask you a question. Verbs may change their spelling according to which tense is being used.
The past tense refers to things that happened in the past. To make the past tense of regular verbs,
the ending -ed is added to the infinitive ('I asked her a question'). Thepresent participle refers to
things that are still happening. To make the present participle, the ending -ing is added to the infinitive
('I am asking her a question').
Often there's no need to make any other spelling changes when you add -ed and -ing to the infinitive
but there are some cases when it's necessary to do so. Here are some rules to help you get it right:
present participle
bake
baked
baking
smile
smiled
smiling
Verbs ending in -ee, -ye, and -oe (such as free, dye, and tiptoe) do not drop the final -ewhen adding ing:
verb
past tense
present participle
free
freed
freeing
dye
dyed
dyeing
tiptoe
tiptoed
tiptoeing
A very few verbs keep the final -e when adding -ing to distinguish them from similar words. For
example, singe becomes singeing rather than singing (which is the present participle of sing).
travelled
present participle
travelling
distil
distilled
distilling
equal
equalled
equalling
This rule doesnt apply in American English: see more information about the differences
between British and American spelling
admitted
admitting
commit
committed
committing
refer
referred
referring
If the verb ends with a vowel plus a consonant and the stress is not at the end of the word, you dont
need to double the final consonant when adding -ed and -ing:
verb
past tense
present participle
inherit
inherited
inheriting
target
targeted
targeting
visit
visited
visiting
If the verb has only one syllable and ends with a single vowel plus a consonant (e.g.stop), then you
need to double the final consonant before adding -ed and -ing:
verb
past tense
present participle
stop
stopped
stopping
tap
tapped
tapping
sob
sobbed
sobbing
verb
past tense
present participle
treat
treated
treating
wheel
wheeled
wheeling
pour
poured
pouring
Verbs ending in -c
If the verb ends in -c (e.g. panic), you need to add a -k before adding -ed and -ing, and also -er.
verb
past tense
present participle
related noun
picnic
picnicked
picnicking
picnicker
mimic
mimicked
mimicking
mimicker
traffic
trafficked
trafficking
trafficker