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Base Strength, Kb
Autoionization of Water, Kw
Ka
Base
Kb
HCl
Very Large
Cl-
Negligible
H2SO4
Very Large
HSO4-
Negligible
HNO3
Very Large
NO3-
Negligible
HSO4-
SO42-
H3PO4
H2PO4-
HF
F-
CH3CO2H
CH3CO2-
NH4+
NH3
HCN
CN-
NH3
Negligible
NH2-
Very Large
OH-
Negligible
O2-
Very Large
H2
Negligible
H-
Very Large
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Q1
1.
near zero.
much less than 1.
about 1.
much more than 1.
1
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Q2
2.
Based on the pKa values given below, which of the following species is the strongest base?
Structure
A.
B.
C.
D.
NH3
9.26
CH3CH2NH2
10.64
(CH3CH2)2NH
10.98
(CH3CH2)3N
10.76
NH3
CH3CH2NH2
(CH3CH2)2NH
(CH3CH2)3N
Equivalents
What are reacting equivalents?
Gram-Equivalent Weight
Normality
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Titration Curves
Strong Acid-Strong Base Titrations
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How many milligrams of NaOH (s) is required to neutralize 40 mL of a 10-1 M HCl solution?
How many milligrams of NaOH (s) is required to neutralize 408 mg of KHP(s), a monoprotic weak acid
with a molecular weight of 204 amu?
Q3
3.
The gram-equivalent weight of an unknown acid is 45 in acid-base reactions. The molecular weight
of the unknown acid is 90 amu. Which statement(s) is/are true?
I.
II.
III.
III
A.
B.
C.
D.
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Q4
Questions 4 & 5 are based on the following titration:
A student placed 385.43 mg of pure KHP (a monoprotic
weak acid with a molecular weight of 204 amu) into a clean
flask. After dissolving the acid in 50 mL of deionized water,
NaOH (aq) of unknown concentration was titrated into this
beaker. The end point of the titration was reached upon the
addition of 25.10 mL,, thus the student determined the
concentration of the NaOH solution to be 0.07520 N.
4.
Q5
Questions 4 & 5 are based on the following titration:
A student placed 385.43 mg of pure KHP (a monoprotic
weak acid with a molecular weight of 204 amu) into a clean
flask. After dissolving the acid in 50 mL of deionized water,
NaOH (aq) of unknown concentration was titrated into this
beaker. The end point of the titration was reached upon the
addition of 25.10 mL,, thus the student determined the
concentration of the NaOH solution to be 0.07520 N.
5.
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Types of pH Questions
Strong Acid-Strong Base Titrations
NaCl
HA
Initial
Initial
Halfway
Halfway
Eq. Pt.
Eq. Pt.
A-Na+
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pH of solution at halfhalf-equivalence pt
A) What is the pH of a 10-3 M HCl solution at the half-eq pt when titrated with NaOH (s)?
B) What is the pH of a 10-3 M CH3COOH (pKa 5) solution at the half-eq pt when titrated with NaOH?
C) What is the pH of a 10-3 M NH3 (pKb 5) solution at the half-eq pt when titrated with HCl?
pH of solution at equivalence pt
A) What is the eq. pt. pH of a 10-3 M HCl solution when titrated with NaOH?
B) What is the eq. pt. pH of a 10-3 M CH3COOH solution when titrated with NaOH?
C) What is the eq. pt. pH of a 10-3 M NH3 solution when titrated with HCl?
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Solution #
Ratio of
[NH3]/[NH4+]
pH
11.26
10.26
9.26
8.26
7.26
Solution #
[CH3COO-]
[CH3COOH]
0.001 M
0.1 M
0.01 M
0.1 M
0.1 M
0.1 M
0.1 M
0.01 M
0.1 M
0.001 M
[Base/acid]
pH
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pH Exercises
Compound
HNO3
HNO2
CH3COOH
HClO
NH4NO3
Ka, 25C
Large
4.5 104
1.8 105
3.2 108
5.6 1010
C) 0.01 M HClO
Buffer Capacity
Solution
Solution pH
4.74
4.74
10 eq CH3COO10 eq CH3COOH
4.74
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10
Indicators
The pKa of methyl red is 5.2. Describe the relative concentrations of the colored forms of a 1 M
solution of methyl red at pH 4.2, 5.2, and 6.2.
Passage
A student was given a flask containing 25.0 mL of an aqueous solution of ammonia (pKb at 25C =
4.74) of unknown concentration. The student was asked to determine the concentration of this solution
by titrating it against a standard 0.10 M aqueous HCl solution that was placed in a burette. The student
added 2 drops of indicator to the solution and titrated it against the HCl solution. The experimental
temperature was 25C. The student noted that 40.0 mL of the HCl solution was needed to reach the
q
p
g of commonly
y used acid-base indicators.
point. Table 1 lists the p
pH range
equivalence
Indicator
pH range
Acidic
Color
Basic
Color
Methyl violet
0.15-3.2
Yellow
Violet
Methyl red
4.4-6.2
Red
Yellow
Phenol red
6.4-8.2
Colorless
Purple
Nitramine
10.8-13.0
Colorless
Brown
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11
Q6
6.
The student determined the concentration of the ammonia solution to be closest to:
A.
B.
C.
D.
0.05 M
0.10 M
0.15 M
0.25 M
Q7
7.
Upon the addition of 20.0 mL of the HCl solution to the flask, which of the following was most
likely true of the flask solution?
A.
B.
C
C.
D.
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12
Q8
8.
At the equivalence point, the number of Cl- ions in the flask solution was closest to which of the
following?
A.
B.
C.
C
D.
1.00 x 1020
1.00 x 1021
1.00
1 00 x 1022
1.00 x 1023
Q9
9.
1.00
9.26
11.00
13.00
13 00
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13
Q10
10. What indicator is the best choice
for this titration?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Methyl Violet
Methyl Red
Phenol Red
Nitramine
Follow-up question:
What was the color of the solution at
the end point of the titration?
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14