JOSHUA E.

FORTO
4 BSECE|F 7:00a-10:00p|ECE 413L

OBSERVATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

So the circuit in this experiment acts just like the last experiment, where we
used to have an input AC that is converted into a half wave rectified signal that
conducts and triggers the SCR device using RC circuit. For this experiment, we just
used a full wave rectifier to produce a Full wave rectified signal in order to conduct
the SCR into triggering. There are just some quite differences on the half-wave and
full-wave circuit.
Based on the data that we have gathered, they just differ in maximum
voltages and firing voltages, where we are able to get its firing angle and the
conduction angle within a certain settled value of potentiometer resistance.
Again, we used a variable resistor to get some data on the process of the
circuit. Starting from 50kOhms with an increasing increment of 50kOhms up to
500kOhms of resistance value, we have observed that as the resistance of the
variable increases the firing angle is directly proportional which is also increasing.
Resistance
(Ohms)
50kOhms
100kOhms
150kOhms
200kOhms
250kOhms
300kOhms
350kOhms

Firing
Angle
Voth
(Degrees)
8.795
49.036
16.257
48.346
24.081
47.180
32.608
45.438
41.943
43.007
52.926
39.531
68.016
33.895

In addition to our observations, even the Voth or the output voltage was also
decreasing when the resistance was varied increasingly. The conduction angle
determines the value of the output voltages, so when the firing angle is greater
than the conduction angle, it means that the amount of energy (Voltage or Current)
from the signal is less. The description of the firing angle is that, the degrees of the
angle which the circuit is being conducted, and the conduction angle is the time
where the load is now in the conduction. Greater the conduction, greater the
amount of load, and the smaller the firing angle also has a at least higher amount
of load.
The conclusion for both half wave and full wave rectified signal is that as the
firing angle increases obviously the conduction angle decreases and vise-versa.
The disadvantages of the half wave output for power supplying circuit, the circuit
will be able to produce a low output because the signal only conducts half of the
time compared to the full wave, where it conducts in full time because of the
design of the diodes placed in the circuit that is able to produce a conducting 180
degrees in full time. For frequency related applications the half wave rectifier has
an output containing more alternating components which is a disadvantage
resulting to have more needed filtering because of the presence of distortions,
because that signal must be in a smooth output to produce a good quality signal.

QUESTIONS
1. Explain the working operation of the circuit.
The control here is the variable resistor which we vary to change the
amplitude of the output voltages, it is just that the one being observed here is
having a Full wave signal. The operation is still the same, we are still using an SCR,
so it goes by the conversion of AC to DC supply done by the diode. If the specified
gate voltage of gate current was reached by the supply the device will trigger and
conduct. So the purpose of the variac at the circuit is to control the firing angle and
the conduction angle which can be obtained through getting the Vn and Vm.
Another way of triggering the SCR is to open the gate and to supply a voltage
which will reach the specified Vbo of the forward break over voltage of an SCR. This
will force the SCR to trigger.
2. Limits of R triggering.
Once the circuit conducts, even removing the RC circuit, the conduction of
the whole circuit will continue because the current flowing was attained, which we
refer to the holding current. So, even setting the R to zero will do not affect the
conduction of the circuit. It can only be turned off by a disconnection of supply
voltage or by a forced commutation.
3. Limits of RC triggering.
The RC intended to be used to increase the firing angle of the circuit.
4. Different types of SCR triggering
The common triggering of SCR is by a gate triggering or by the attaining of
the Vbo or the forward break over voltage. Each SCR has a specifications that
can be turned on even the gate was open, by attaining its specified break over
voltage, but the disadvantage in using it is that the conduction is not the safe
compared to gate triggering, because in gate, it just needed a small amount
current or voltage being specified by the device being used to trigger the device
and start the circuit conducting. The types of triggering that I included was just the
common ways of turning on the SCR.
5. Gate triggering is preferred.
Gate triggering was preferred because it is more convenient and safe to use.
In comparison, between Vbo and Gate triggering, using the Vbo triggering may
harm or break the SCR. For example, if an SCR has a specification of VBo with 100V
and supplying it with 110V, the SCR will be turned on but the Vbo range is just
from 100V to 110V and it happened that a voltage supply increases to 130V. The
effect of this is to destroy the SCR, due to extreme temperature done by the SCR. It
may not be hold the amount of voltage being supplied to it.