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5045
Contents
Prior learning
Topics
Topic 1Algebra
Topic 4Vectors
Topic 6Calculus
Formulae
Prior learning
Area of a parallelogram
Area of a triangle
Area of a trapezium
A buh
1
(b u h)
2
1
( a b) h
2
Area of a circle
A Sr 2
Circumference of a circle
2Sr
1
(area of base u vertical height)
3
l u wu h
Volume of a cylinder
Sr 2 h
A 2Srh
Volume of a pyramid
Volume of a sphere
Volume of a cone
4 3
Sr
3
1 2
Sr h
3
x1 x2 y1 y2 z1 z2
,
,
2
2
2
( x1 x2 ) 2 ( y1 y2 ) 2 ( z1 z2 ) 2
Topics
Topic 1Algebra
1.1
1.2
un
u1 (n 1)d
Sn
n
(2u1 (n 1)d )
2
un
u1r n 1
Sn
u1 (r n 1)
r 1
Sf
u1
, r 1
1 r
ax
Laws of logarithms
Change of base
1.3
Binomial coefficient
Binomial theorem
u1 (1 r n )
, r z1
1 r
x log a b
log c a
log c b
log b a
n
r
n
(u1 un )
2
n!
r ! n r !
( a b) n
n
n
a n a n 1b ! a n r b r ! b n
1
r
Axis of symmetry of
graph of a quadratic
function
f ( x) ax 2 bx c axis of symmetry x
2.6
Relationships between
logarithmic and
exponential functions
a x e x ln a
log a a x x
Solutions of a quadratic
equation
ax 2 bx c 0
Discriminant
' b 2 4ac
2.7
b
2a
a loga x
b r b 2 4ac
, az0
2a
Length of an arc
Area of a sector
l Tr
A
1 2
Tr
2
sin T
cos T
3.2
Trigonometric identity
tan T
3.3
Pythagorean identity
cos 2 T sin 2 T
sin 2T
2sin T cos T
cos 2T
cos 2 T sin 2 T
3.6
Cosine rule
Sine rule
Area of a triangle
c2
2cos 2 T 1 1 2 sin 2 T
a
sin A
A
b
sin B
a 2 b2 c2
2ab
c
sin C
1
ab sin C
2
Topic 4Vectors
4.1
Magnitude of a vector
4.2
Scalar product
4.3
v12 v2 2 v32
v
vw
v w cos T
vw
v1w1 v2 w2 v3 w3
vw
v w
cos T
r = a + tb
fx
i i
i 1
n
i 1
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
Probability of an event A
n( A)
n(U )
P( A)
Complementary events
P( A) P( Ac) 1
Combined events
P( A B ) P( A) P( B) P( A B)
P( A B ) P( A) P( B)
Conditional probability
Independent events
P( A B ) P( A) P( B )
x P( X
X ~ B(n, p ) P( X
Mean
E( X ) np
Variance
Var( X ) np (1 p )
Standardized normal
variable
x)
n
r ) p r (1 p) n r , r
r
0,1, !, n
xP
Topic 6Calculus
f ( x h) f ( x )
f c( x) lim
h o0
h
6.1
Derivative of f ( x)
6.2
Derivative of x n
f ( x)
Derivative of sin x
f ( x) sin x
f c( x) cos x
Derivative of cos x
f ( x) cos x
f c( x) sin x
Derivative of tan x
dy
dx
f ( x)
f c( x) nx n 1
xn
f c( x) e x
Derivative of e x
f ( x) e x
Derivative of ln x
f ( x) ln x
Chain rule
Product rule
dy
dx
y uv
Quotient rule
u
v
6.4
6.6
sin x C
dx e x C
Volume of revolution
V
about the x-axis from x = a
to x = b
ln x C , x ! 0
cos x dx
x
d y du
u
du d x
du
dv
u
dx
dx
v2
cos x C
dy
dx
dv
du
v
dx
dx
sin x dx
e
Area under a curve
between x = a and x = b
1
x
x n 1
C , n z 1
n 1
n
x dx
x dx
6.5
dy
dx
Standard integrals
f c( x)
f ( x)
g (u ) , u
1
cos 2 x
f c( x)
tan x
f ( x)
y dx
y 2 Gx
distance
t2
t1
v(t ) dt