DEFINITIONS

Circular Motion
Angular displacement
Radian

the angle through which the object has moved

angle subtended at the centre of a circle by an arc of length equal to
the radius of the circle
rate of change of angular displacement
rate of change of angular velocity

Angular velocity
Angular acceleration
Gravitational Fields
Newtons
Law
Gravitation

of

Gravitational
field
strength, g
Gravitational potential
Geostationary orbits

Oscillations
Amplitude
Period
Simple Harmonic motion

Damping
Fundamental frequency
Natural frequency
Forced oscillation
Free oscillation
Resonance

Thermal Physics
Internal energy
First law of
Thermodynamic
Thermal Energy
Thermal Equilibrium
Thermocouple

any two point masses attract each other a force that is directly
proportional to the product of their masses and inversely
proportional to the square of the separation
gravitational force exerted per unit mass on a small object placed at
that point
work done in bringing unit mass from infinity to the point
- orbit in which a satellite is positioned so that it orbits the Earth the
same rate as the Earths rotation
- satellite remains above a fixed point on the Earths surface
maximum displacement from the equilibrium position
time taken to complete one complete cycle
- acceleration is directly proportional to its displacement from
its equilibrium position
- always directed towards the equilibrium position / both in
opposite direction
oscillations/amplitude/energy decreases through time due to
friction/external forces/loose to surrounding
the lowest frequency stationary wave for a particular system
the unforced frequency of oscillation of a freely oscillating object
oscillation caused by an external driving force whose frequency equal
to that of the driving force
oscillation whose frequency is the natural frequency of the oscillator
- forced to vibrate close to its natural frequency, the amplitude of
vibration increases rapidly
- frequency of the external force equals to the natural frequency
- its amplitude is maximum
sum of the random distribution of kinetic and potential energies of
its atoms or molecules
the increase in internal energy of a body is equal to the thermal
energy transferred to it by heating plus the mechanical work done on it
energy transferred from one object to another because of temperature
difference
a condition when two or more objects in contact have the same
temperature so that there is no net flow of thermal energy
device consisting of wires of two different metals across which an emf
is produced when the two junctions of the wires are at different
temperature

Specific heat capacity

Specific latent heat
Specific latent
fusion
Specific latent
vaporisation

heat

of

heat

of

Ideal Gases
Mole
Boyles law
Charles Law
Ideal gas
Coulombs Law
Coulombs law

energy required per unit mass of the substance to raise the

temperature by 1 K or 1C
energy required per kilogram of the substance to change its state
without any change in temperature
energy required per kilogram of a substance to change it from solid
to liquid without a change in temperature
energy required per kilogram of a substance to change it from liquid
to gas without a change in temperature
amount of that substance which contains the same number of
particles as there are in 0.012 kg of carbon-12
pressure exerted by a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to its
volume, provided the temperature of gas remains constant
temperature acting on a fixed mass of gas is directly proportional to its
volume, provided the pressure of gas remains constant
Gas that behaves and obeys all law

Coulomb
Electric potential

any two point charges exert an electrical force on each other that is
proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional
to the square of the distance between them
a charge of 1 C passes a point when a current of 1 A flows for 1 s.
work done in bringing unit positive charge from infinity to that point

Capacitance
Capacitance

charge stored per unit of potential difference across it

Magnetic Fields
Magnetic flux density

Tesla
Faradays law
Lenzs Law
Magnetic flux linkage
Magnetic flux

Charged Particles
Photons
Absorption line spectrum
Emission line spectrum
Electronvolt
Elementary charge
Photoelectric effect

force experienced per unit length by a long straight conductor

carrying unit current and placed at right angles to the field at that
point
- a unit test charge, travelling perpendicular to the magnetic field at
a speed of one meter per second, experiences a force of 1 N.
when a wire carrying a current of 1 A placed at right angles to the
magnetic field experiences a force of 1 N per metre of its length
the induced emf is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux
linkage
induced current is in a direction so as to produce effects which
oppose the change producing it
product of magnetic flux and the number of turns
product of magnetic flux density normal to a circuit and the crosssectional area of the circuit
little packets of energy of electromagnetic wave/energy
a dark line of a unique wavelength seen in a continuous spectrum
a sharp and bright line of a unique wavelength seen in a spectrum
the energy gained by an electron travelling through a p.d. of 1 V.
the smallest unit of charge that a particle can have
interaction between a photon and an electron in which the electron is

Threshold frequency
Work function

Nuclear Physics
Isotopes
Nuclide
Nucleus
Rest mass
Einsteins Equation
Mass defect
Binding energy
Random
Spontaneous
Half-life
Decay constant
Nuclear fission
Nuclear fusion

Application
Acoustic impedance
Amplitude modulation
Analogue signal
ADC
Attenuation
Bandwidth
Base station
Bit
Braking radiation
Carrier wave
Cellular exchange
Characteristic radiation
Coaxial cable
Collimated beam

removed from the atom

minimum frequency required to release electrons from the surface of a
metal
minimum amount of energy required by an electron to escape its
surface
- same atomic number but different nucleon number
- same number of proton but different number of neutron
One type of nucleus with a particular nucleon number and a particular
proton number
tiny central region of the atom that contains most of the mass of the
atom and all of its positive charge
mass when it is stationary
mass of system increases when energy is supplied to it
difference between total mass of the individual, separate nucleons and
the mass of the nucleus
minimum energy needed to pull a nucleus apart into its separate
nucleons
difficult to predict which nuclei would decay
nuclei will decay without any external factors
mean time taken for half the number of active nuclei in a radioactive
sample to decay
probability of an isotope decaying per unit time interval
the splitting of a nucleus into two large fragments and a small number
of neutrons
a nuclear reaction where two light nuclei join together to form a
heavier but more stable nucleus
product of the density of a substance and the speed of sound in that
substance
form of modulation where the signal causes variations in the amplitude
of a carrier wave
signal that is continuously variable, having a continuum of possible
values
conversion of a continuous analogue signal to discrete digital numbers
gradual loss in strength or intensity of a signal
measure of the width of a range of frequencies being transmitted
receiver and transmitter used to maintain contact with a number if
mobile phones in a local area
basic unit of information storage stored by a device that exists in only
two distinct states
X-rays produced when electrons are decelerated
a waveform that is modulated with an input signal to carry information
a switching centre connecting all the base stations in an area
very intense X-rays produced in an X-ray tube having specific
wavelengths that depend on the target metal
electrical cable with an inner conductor surrounded by a tubular
insulating layer and an outside conducting layer
parallel-sided beam of radiation

Contrast media

Decibel
Digital signal
DAC
Impedance matching
Modulation
Regeneration
Relaxation time
Sidebands
Transducer
Voxel

used to review the outlines or edges of soft tissues in an X-ray

image
- materials that easily absorb X-rays
logarithmic unit of measurement that expresses the relative sizes of
two powers
signal that has only a few possible values, often two
conversion of a series of digital numbers into a continuous analogue
signal
reduction in intensity of reflected ultrasound at the boundary between
two substances
process of using one waveform to alter the frequency, amplitude or
phase of another waveform
restoring a signal to its original form/ removing noise/ increasing signal
strength
time taken for the nuclei to fall back to their lower energy state
band of frequencies above or below the carrier frequency produced as
a result of modulation
device that changes one form of energy into another
small cube in a 3D picture, the equivalent of a pixel in a 2D picture