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(CIRCULATORY DISTURBANCES)
1. Fat embolism is associated with
a. pulmonary oedema
b. petechial haemorrhages in the white matter
c. fat globules in the glomeruli
d. bone marrow fragments in circulation
e. fracture of femur
2. The following usually occur as a consequence of lower extremity
thrombophlebitis
a. cerebral infarction
b. pulmonary infarction
c. myocardial infarction
d. hepatic infarction
e. intestinal infarction
3. In cardiogenic shock:
a.cardiac filling pressures are raised
b. pulse is rapid and weak
c. pallor and sweating are absent
d. most cases benefit fromrapid liberal fluid administration
e. commonest cause is myocardial infarction
4. The following are prominent complications of irreversible shock:
a pulmonary oedema
b. liver failure
c. ischaemic brain damage
d. sickle cell syndrome
e. acute renal failure
5. The following are due to oedema due to right ventricular failure:
a. due to increased capillary hydrostatic
b. appears first around ankles
c. ascites usually occurs
d. protein content is usually in excess of 3mg/dl
e. the fluid is isotonic
6. Ischaemic necrosis may complicate fractures of the following bones:
a. talus
b. scaphoid
c. pisiform
d. calcaneum
e. head of femur
c. embolization is fourth
d. pulmonary infarction is second
e. stasis in calf veins is fifth
14. Alterations in normal blood flow:
a. bring platelets into contact with endothelium
b. allow activated clotting factors to build up
c. increase inflow of clotting factor inhibitors
d. promotes endothelial cell activation
e. cause hypercoagulability of blood
15. Consequences of septic emboli include:
a. infarction
b. haemorrhage
c. oedema
d. mycotic aneurysm
e. cerebral abscess
16. The following are consequences of D.I.C
a. widespread fibrin deposition
b. generalised oedema
c. haemolytic anaemia
d. bleeding diathesis
e. multiple foci of infarction
17. Hypovolemic shock may result in:
a. burns
b. myocardial infarction
c. anaesthesia
d. pulmonary infarction
e. diarrhoea
18. Pulmonary embolism is common in:
a. hypovolemic shock
c. hepatic failure
b. pregnancy
d. oral contraceptive use
e. patients with malignant neoplasms
19. Following occlusive thrombosis of an end artery:
a. acute inflammation is incited by necrotic tissue
b. in the brain liquefaction of tissue occurs
c. there is rapid degradation by phagocytes
d. in most cases regeneration reconstitutes tissue
e. reparative process begins from the centre
c. infiltration by macrophages
d. liquefaction of tissue
e. denaturation of proteins
27. Pulmonary oedema occurs in
a. shock
b. renal failure
c. left ventricular failure
d. right ventricular failure
e. cirrhosis of the liver
28. Oedema occurs in
a. Cushing's syndrome
b. primary hyperaldosteronism
c. Klinefelter"s syndrome
d. pregnancy
e. congestive cardiac failure
29. The following cause venous occlusion
a. thrombosis
b. spasm
c. atherosclerosis
d. volvolus
e. torsion
30. The following characterize shock:
a. low blood pressure
b. low pulse rate
c. moist cool skin
d. dry warm skin
e. rapid shallow breath
31. The following cause generalised oedema
a. myxoedema
b. primary hyperaldosteronism
c. respiratory failure
d. cardiac failure
e. nephrotic syndrome
32. The following changes occur in Starling's forcesduring acute inflammation
a. increased hydrostatic pressure of blood
b. increased hydrostatic pressure of tissue
c. increased plasma oncotic pressure
d. reduced tissue oncotic pressure
e. increased tissue oncotic pressure