Structural Investigation (SI)

Structural Steel with Bamboo

Bambusa Resto Project
_

Proposed Condition
No Seismic Design
SI Rev. No. 00
Report Version No. MSDC-SI-EB-2-2016

TABLE OF CONTENT
1. Introduction
2. Parameters
3. Load Design/ Combination
3.1 Floor Dead Load (DL)
3.2 Roof Dead Load (DL)
3.3 Rain Load (RL)
3.4 Live Load (LL)
3.5 Seismic Load (E)
3.6 Load Combination
4. Design Method/Model of Analysis
5. Design Consideration
6. Structure Layout/Geometry
7. Design Allowable
7.1 Cross-section conversion from Bamboo to Steel properties
7.2 Steel Requirement for Flexural Stresses/Shrinkage & Temperature
8. Design Software Analysis
9. Result and Findings
10. Conclusion and Recommendation
11. Reference

Prepared By: Engr. H. Mirasol Page 1

Structural Investigation (SI)

Structural Steel with Bamboo
Bambusa Resto Project
_

Proposed Condition
No Seismic Design
SI Rev. No. 00
Report Version No. MSDC-SI-EB-2-2016

STRUCTURAL INVESTIGATION OF BAMBOO STRUCTURE

1. Introduction
Structurally, over a long period of time as if maintained and preserved---on its vigorous
characteristic, bamboo can withstands against the live loads and dead loads of the building it purposely
served. Due to this natural material---silica, that suite correspondingly with concrete materials its
component as for structural foundation support (bamboos as a column cased by concrete materials).
Supposed bamboo materials in its organic sense has so much to give attention on its design by not
exposing it to the rain for it will deteriorate much of the material at the end cut of culm (into the internode) but not so much on the outside surface layer. While exposed to rainwater, fungus and insects
might be attacking these sections of culm of the bamboo since the hollow portion contained starch
(large number of glucose were present on this area) that if not treated by chemical for preservation after
the harvest .
Bamboo accepted as a building material, aside from low cost, its light weight that can also resist
earthquake loads and for main reason that take into account the aesthetic beauty as being native
material: as far the good design of its connections and the placing of members that serving the main
stresses. The mechanical properties, bamboo on its extreme outside layer of the culm contained dense
cellulose fibers and vessel (like reinforced concrete members, cellulose is like a reinforcing steel) and
the material surrounded these fiber are called parenchyma1 (like the concrete between the steel bars)
and that composed the culm of the bamboo. As it is found far from the center of hollow the higher
Moment of Inertia it gets compared to wood material with equal cross-sectional area, this give more
stiffness to the material.
Service life of untreated bamboo on rough estimates is in the average of 5 years under cover
and free from contact with the soil (pg. 52 of ref.). Some fundamental rule concerning the harvest of the
bamboos to be sensitively used is on the season when the starch content is low; local people could
greatly identified such bamboo species.
However, this bamboo structure is Moment-framed by steel members to keep responsible for
large stresses and ultimate capacity of the structure itself. These composed by structural pipes for main
columns & framed beams and other secondary elements. Slab is made of bamboo cuts for light weight
response for not generating earthquake forces to its main structural members.

2. Parameters
Bamboo & Steel Structure/Building:
Material Specifications:
Concrete Compressive Strength, fc' = 21.0 N/mm^2 (@ 28days)
Reinforcing Steel Yield Strength, fy = 415.0 N/mm^2 (Gr. 40; All Reinforcements)
Bamboo Ultimate Stress, fub = 84.0 N/mm^2
Prepared By: Engr. H. Mirasol Page 2

Structural Investigation (SI)

Structural Steel with Bamboo
Bambusa Resto Project
_

Proposed Condition
No Seismic Design
SI Rev. No. 00
Report Version No. MSDC-SI-EB-2-2016

Structural pipes, Fu = 400N/mm^2

Structural pipes, Fy = 241N/mm^2
Material Unit Weight:
Bamboo Weight, Bw = 5.87 Kn/M^3
Masonry Wall, w = 19 Kn/M^3
Backfill Material, s = 15.7 Kn/M^3

[NSCP Table 204-2]

[NSCP Table 204-1]

3. Load Design/ Combination

3.1 Floor Dead Loads (DL)
Shall be the basic dead load, is 1.5Kn/M^2 and Ceiling load of 0.5Kpa, a total of 1.5Kn/M^2
3.2 Roof Dead Loads (DL)
The combined ceiling and roof material load is 1.0Kn/M^2.
3.3. Rain Load (RL) [ Whenever included ]
Shall be base on current Rainfall Rate of Typhoon Report of NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measuring
Mission (TRMM).
RL=5.2(ds+dh)
where:
dh =
ds =
R=

Additional depth of water on the undeflected roof above the inlet of secondary
drainage system at its design flow (the hydraulic head), inches (mm).
Depth of water on the undeflected roof up to the inlet of secondary drainage
system when the primary drainage system is blocked (the static head), inches (mm).
Rain load on the undeflected roof, in kN/m^2. When the phrase "undeflected
roof" is used, deflections from loads (including dead loads) shall not be considered
when determining the amount of rain on the roof.

Given:
Primary roof drain and overflow scupper:
Static head, ds

= 3 inches

Tributary area A

= 150 square feet

Rainfall rate, i

= 2.5 inches/hour (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)

= 0.208333 feet/hour

Determine:
Hydraulic head, dh
Rain load, RL
Calculate required flow rate, Q, at scupper in gallons per minute (gpm).
Prepared By: Engr. H. Mirasol Page 3

Structural Investigation (SI)

Structural Steel with Bamboo
Bambusa Resto Project
_

Proposed Condition
No Seismic Design
SI Rev. No. 00
Report Version No. MSDC-SI-EB-2-2016

Q = Ai = 250 ft^2 0.208333 feet/hour

= 52 cubic ft /hour
= 0.868 cubic ft /minute
= 6.49 gpm
dh = 0 (below minimum hydraulic head requirement)
Determine rain load, RL
Total head = (ds + dh) = 3 inches
RL = 5.2 (3+ 0)
RL = 15.6 psf
RL = 15.6*0.047880259
RL = 0.7469 kpa
let say, 1.0 kpa

3.4 Live Load (LL)

Consider the live load of 1.90Kn/m^2 [NSCP Table 205-1] for all floors (basic) and balconies of
4.80Kn/m^2 [NSCP Table 205-1] and the like. Rain load here shall be considered as Live Load in
some instances that needs thorough evaluation in the effect of load combinations and type of structure.

3.5 Seismic Load (E)

See Design Consideration

3.6 Load Combination

Building Load Factors Combination/s:

1.2*DL + 1.6*LL

Prepared By: Engr. H. Mirasol Page 4

EQ. C 9-1

[ ACI 9.1.3 / R9.1 ]

Structural Investigation (SI)

Structural Steel with Bamboo
Bambusa Resto Project
_

Proposed Condition
No Seismic Design
SI Rev. No. 00
Report Version No. MSDC-SI-EB-2-2016

4. Design Method/Model of Analysis

Structure Model:
Structure had been model to evaluate structural geometric compatibility of all adjacent and
connecting elements and members against full loading with respect to the combination of dead load and
Rain/Live load or dead load.

5. Design Consideration
ACI 318-08, Sect. 9.1.3 and the R9.1, for Gravity Load (dead & live) will be comparable to obtain
using the strength reduction & load factors of the 1999 and the earlier code; where the these factors of
1999 code were revised and moved to Appendix C, But 1.4DL+1.7LL did not assumed the equivalent,
since a light material being used in the design and the dead load consideration is nullified.
Earthquake resistance of bamboo or bamboo is a perfect material for earthquake because of its light
weight and the hollow form gives much stiffness.
The Sub-structure (building) is assumed to rest at soil with Design Allowable Bearing Pressure of
50kpa (Modulus of Elasticity of 6500kn/m^2/m). However, it should be verify in actual soil.
.
6. Structure Layout/Geometry

Prepared By: Engr. H. Mirasol Page 5

Structural Investigation (SI)

Structural Steel with Bamboo
Bambusa Resto Project
_

Proposed Condition
No Seismic Design
SI Rev. No. 00
Report Version No. MSDC-SI-EB-2-2016

7. Design Allowable
7.1 Cross-section conversion from Bamboo to Steel properties (whenever used)
The Ultimate Stress-to-Area ratio:
FUS*AS = FUB*AB
Where:
FUS
AS
FUB
AB

=
=
=
=

Ultimate Stress of Steel (241N/mm^2)

Area of Steel (mm^2)
Ultimate Stress of Bamboo (84N/mm^2, see ref.)
Area of Bamboo (mm^2)

Hence, As = 0.20*AB
AB12
AB2

= Area of 12nos. Of Bamboo Column

= Area of 2nos. Of Bamboo Beam

From the basic formula of Hollow Pipe Section, I = pi()* (D^4 - d^4) /64 ; A = pi()* (D^2 - d^2)/4
Prepared By: Engr. H. Mirasol Page 6

Structural Investigation (SI)

Structural Steel with Bamboo
Bambusa Resto Project
_

Proposed Condition
No Seismic Design
SI Rev. No. 00
Report Version No. MSDC-SI-EB-2-2016

Hence, I = 0.03*D^4 ; A = 0.26*D^2

A12
A2

= 0.20*AB12 = 0.2*0.26*D12^2
= 0.20*AB2 = 0.2*0.26*D2^2

Let D is the average thickness of Bamboo outside diameter and is equal to 100mm.
AB12 = 0.2*0.26*100^2 * 12 = 6240mm^2
6240 = 0.26*DS12
DS12
= 155mm
dS12
= 127mm
tS12
= 14mm
AB2 = 0.2*0.26*100^2 * 2 = 1040mm^2
1040 = 0.26*DS2
DS2
= 63mm
dS2
= 51mm
tS2
= 6mm

7.2 Steel Requirement for Flexural Stresses/shrinkage & Temperature

If the reinforcement required to resist the maximum moment (Mx & Mx, negative and positive) is less
than the capacity of the element with minimum reinforcement, only minimum reinforcement is
provided. NSCP 6th ed., sect. 407.13.2.1, provision of minimum reinforcement for shrinkage and
temperature shall be used:
ASMIN = 0.0018*Ag (for Grade 414 deformed bar)
ASMIN = 0.0020*Ag (for Grade 276 deformed bar)

8. Design Program Analysis

(SEE STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS IN THE NEXT PAGES)

9. Result and Findings

The Steel structural elements PASS the LRFD code design requirements . The members maximum
actaul load to section capacity ratio of 0.978.

10. Conclusion and Recommendation

Conclusion

Prepared By: Engr. H. Mirasol Page 7

Structural Investigation (SI)

Structural Steel with Bamboo
Bambusa Resto Project
_

Proposed Condition
No Seismic Design
SI Rev. No. 00
Report Version No. MSDC-SI-EB-2-2016

The proposed steel with bamboo accessories to the structural building is structurally safe to carry
the basic floor loads of the same.

In reference to the design data (pg.22) relating the comparison of two elements has resemblance
and it was found out that bamboo materials provide more stiffness and almost equal range with its
strength than the steel materials. That the two elements are quite the same in terms of response to
load-and-stresses.

Recommendation
1. On areas where rainwater will get off the eaves (because bamboo roof doesnt have a gutter or
it is free falling from the roof materials), might be splashing into the bamboo walls by wind.
Specially on the structural components should aesthetically designed with plastic cover on that
areas for protection from water or other elements to kept dry.
2. Foundation or the concrete pedestal must be higher than the natural ground surfaces and cast
the bamboo column to get off the soil.
3. Regardless of No.1 & 2, bamboo structural material shall address the matter of taking
precaution by replacing old members or that are rotten over the estimated life of the bamboos.
And the factor like: the change of climate on the region; overloaded bamboo slabs & beams;
adjacent bamboo walls that exposed too much in the rain that affect the main bamboo beams &
columns.
4. Steel shall have the protected coating and be elevated from the ground with the use of concrete
support.

11. Reference
1. Design & Building with Bamboo (by: Jules J.A. Janssen)
Prepared By: Engr. H. Mirasol Page 8

Structural Investigation (SI)

Structural Steel with Bamboo
Bambusa Resto Project
_

Proposed Condition
No Seismic Design
SI Rev. No. 00
Report Version No. MSDC-SI-EB-2-2016

2. Staad.pro training manual (Infrasys/Bentley Channel Partner)

Prepared By: Engr. H. Mirasol Page 9