Physics Power point

presentation
SAFETY DEVICES USED IN
ELECTRIC CIRCUITS

PRESENTED BY:
1. BISWAJIT NAYAK
2. KESHAB HARICHANDAN
3. SIDDHARTH RATH
4. SAHIL SWAROOP SAHOO
5. OSIM ABES

SAFETY DEVICES USED IN

ELECTRIC CIRCUITS
Sometimes due to flow of excessive
current in a circuit or due to creation of
high voltage, appliances in circuits may
get damaged. To prevent this situation,
different safety devices are used about
which we have discussed ahead.

ELECTRIC FUSE
A fuse interrupts excessive current ("blows") so that further
damage by overheating or fire is prevented. Wiring regulations
often define a maximum fuse current rating for particular circuits.
Overcurrent protection devices are essential in electrical systems
to limit threats to human life and property damage. The time and
current operating characteristics of fuses are chosen to provide
adequate protection without needless interruption. Slow blow
fuses are designed to allow harmless short term currents over
their rating while still interrupting a sustained overload. Fuses are
manufactured in a wide range of current and voltage ratings to
protect wiring systems and electrical equipment

ELECTRIC FUSE

MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER

There are two arrangement of operation of miniature circuit breaker.
One due to thermal effect of over and other due to electromagnetic
effect of over current. The thermal operation of miniature circuit
breaker is achieved with a bimetallic strip whenever continuous over
flows through MCB, the bimetallic strip is heated and deflects by
bending. This deflection of bimetallic strip releases mechanical latch. As
this mechanical latch is attached with operating mechanism, it causes to
open the miniature contacts. But during short circuit condition, sudden
rising of current, causes electromechanical displacement of plunger
associated with tripping coil or solenoid of MCB. The plunger strikes the
trip lever causing immediate release of latch mechanism consequently
open the contacts

MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER

THERMISTOR
A thermistor is a type of whose is
dependent on , more so than in standard
resistors. The word is a of and .
Thermistors are widely used as ,
temperature (NTC type typically), , and selfregulating .It is of two types negative
temperature and positive coefficient
temperature resistor

THERMISTOR

TRANSIENT VOLTAGE SURGE

SUPPRESSOR
APCs Commercial/Industrial Surge Suppressors provide
protection for your commercial facility, industrial building and data
center from damaging power surges and spikes. These TVSS
(transient voltage surge suppression) units can be installed at
your service entrance and electrical panels throughout your
facility. They protect against severe voltage spikes caused by
lighting and utility accidents, as well as smaller, far more frequent
surges caused by normal everyday operation of motors, pumps
and other large equipment inside your facility. They come in
modular (replaceable surge suppression modules) and
nonmodular designs, and feature the latest industry approvals
and safety ratings

TRANSIENT VOLTAGE SURGE

SUPPRESSOR

CROWBAR CIRCUIT
A crowbar circuit is an used to prevent an
overvoltage condition of a unit from damaging the
circuits attached to the power supply. It operates by
putting a or low resistance path across the output (Vo),
much as if one dropped a across the output terminals
of the power supply. Crowbar circuits are frequently
implemented using a , , or as the shorting device.
Once triggered, they depend on the -limiting circuitry of
the power supply or, if that fails, the blowing of the line
or tripping the Circuit Breaker takes place.

CROWBAR CIRCUIT

CURRENT SOURCE OR
CURRENT LIMITER
A current source is an that
delivers or absorbs an which is
independent of the voltage across
it. A current source is the of Dual of
a voltage source.

CURRENT SOURCE OR
CURRENT LIMITER

THERMAL SHUTDOWN CIRCUIT

The Thermal Shutdown Circuit detects overheating
of the voltage regulator if the output pin (VOUT) is
shorted to the ground pin (GND) and stops the
voltage regulator operation to protect it from
damage. As a result the operation of the Thermal
Shutdown Circuit causes the voltage regulator
repeatedly to turn OFF and ON till the causes of
overheating are removed. As a consequence a
pulse shaped output voltage occurs.

THERMAL SHUTDOWN CIRCUIT

ZENER DIODE
A Zener diode is a diode which allows current to
flow in the forward direction in the same manner as
an ideal diode, but also permits it to flow in the
reverse direction when the voltage is above a
certain value known as the breakdown voltage,
"Zener knee voltage", "Zener voltage", "avalanche
point", or "peak inverse and thus protect the circuit.

ZENER DIODE

REVERSE POWER TRIP RELAY

As AC. generators are synchronous and when
operating in parallel, then if one loses the prime mover,
then the other generators will attempt to keep it running
by supplying power to it. The generator with problems
will then run as a motor, putting extra load onto the
remaining generators, which could very well lead to
losing all generators due to overload, as well as driving
the prime mover, which may have tripped due to low
lubricating oil and therefore destroy the engine.
A reverse power trip relay will then detect this change
and trip the circuit breaker for the generator with a
problem.

REVERSE POWER TRIP RELAY

THANKING
YOU