POETRY def: Literary work in which special intensity is given to the expression of feelings and ideas by the use of distinctive style and rhythm. “The art of exciting the imagination and touching the heart” ‘William Cullen Blake (1794 - 1878) “Poetry is when an emotion has found its thought and te thought has found words.” Robert Frost (1874 - 1963) “Poetry ts the rfiythmicat creation of beauty in words.” Edgar Allen Poe (i809 ~ 1849) “The poets have been mysteriously silent on the topic of cheese.” G. K. Chesterton (1874 - 1936) “A poet's work is to name the unnameable, to point at frauds, to take Sides, start arguments, shape the world, and stop it going to sleep.” ‘Salinan Rushdie (1947-Poetry and Prose: What's the Difference? Nearly all writing shares the goal of communicating a message to an ataience, but now tnat message Is communicated can differ greatly. ‘Tre divisions between poetry and prose aren't clear-cut, but here are some generally accepted differences. Prose Poetry Most everyday wrlting Is in prose Poetry Is typically reserved for form, ‘expressing something special in an artistic way. The language of prose is typically The language of poetry tends to be straightforward without much more expressive or decorated, with decoration, comparisons, rhyme, and rhythm contributing to a different sound and feel {ideas are contained in sentences that Ideas are contained in lines that may are arranged into paragraphs. for may not be sentences. Lines are arranged in stanzas. ‘There are no line breaks. Sentences Poetry uses line breaks for various run to the right margin. reasons—to follow a formatted rhythm or to emphasize an idea. Lines can run extremely long or be as short as one word or letter. ‘The first word of each sentence is Traditionally, the first letter of every czpltalized, line is capitalized, but many modern poets choose not to follow this rule strict, Prose looks like large blocks of ‘The shape of poetry can vary words. depending on line length and the Intent of the poet.POETRY TERMS pee Poctry a type of litenoture that usuelly makes use of highly conese, muslel, and emotionally charged lenguoge, os well os imagery, figurative language, and special devices suchas rhyme, Sound of the poem ‘Oncmatopocia the use of words that imitate sounds “How they clang, and clash, ond roar!* Repetition the use of any element of languoge (a sound, a word, o phrase, « sentence) more than once, used for musical effects and for emphosis Alliteration repetition of intl consonant sounds “Ay, they heard his foot upen the stirrup, And the sound ‘of iron on stone, And how the silence surged softly backwerd, When the plunging hooves were: gone” ‘Assonance the repetition of vowel sounds followed by different consonants “Some late entreating entrance,” "While T pondered, weak and weary.” Rhyme repetition of sounds at the ends of words | Structure of the poem Stanza _« formal division of lines in poem, considered os unit. Ryme scheme regu potter of chying words nape, ndatd by aig efferent eters fr ech new hye Couplet a pair of rhyming line, generally the same length end meter, exprestng «single dea “For thy sweet love remember'd such wealth brings “That then I scorn to change my state with kings." Figurative langage cliché ‘A time-worn expression which has lot its vitality and to some extent its originel meaning. Example: "Busy as bees" Consonance The repetition of « sequence of two er more consonants but with © chonge in the intervening vowel. For Example: Live-lve /Pitter-potter End Bhyme A rhyme inthe final zylable(e) of a verze Foreshadowing The act of providing vague edvance indications representing beforehand Hyperbole A great exaggeration used to emphasize 0 point, end is used for expressive or conic effect. A hyperbole isnot to be taken literally. Idiom Idioms are groups of words whose meaning is different from the Iteral mecning of the words, For example: “Put « ld on it” Is not really meaning for us to puta id on something but to be (quiet ond pay attention. Irony “The use of words to express something different from end often opsosite to their literal ‘meoning: sarcastic-often used for comic effect 2B‘Oxymoron A rhetorical device in which two seemingly contradictory words are used together for effe:t= "She is just a poor litle rch girl” Figurative language writing or speech not meant to be interpreted literally, used to create vivid impressiens by setting up comparisons between dissimilar things Imagery _ descriptive or figurative languoge used to create word pictures for the reader, using detils of sight, Sound, toste, touch, smell, or moverent Personifiction _type of figurative language in which a nanhunan subject is given humon choracterisies ‘Simile figure of speech in which lke or as is used to make o comparison between two basically unlike Ideas. "Continuous asthe stars that shine / And twinkle on the milky way." ‘Metaphor figure of speech in which one thing is spoken of as though it were something elee “Hold fast to dreams / For if dreams die / Life isa broken-wing bird / Tat cannot fly"Characteristics of Poetry Main Idea or Message ‘Ask yourself: what isthe author trying to tell me? Write down the answer to this question after each stanza in the poem, Now, examine them and see ifone major ides came into your mind. The idea that seems to come through the most is the main idea ofthe poem. This is the purpose ofthe poem. Its the rezson the author wrote the selection. form, Examples include: to entertain, to challenge, to berate (scold sharply), criticize, enlighten, persuade, and, to intimidate The Mood ‘The mood of the poem is the feeling or emotion being portrayed by the words and message ofthe poem, Mood is created through description, plot, and setting Examples include: somber and dark mood is portrayed in Frankens happiness in The Princess Bride, or, excitement in Mission Impossible ‘error in Friday the Thirteenth, The Tone ‘This is the manner in which the message ofthe poem or story is delivered, Its the writer's atitude toward the subject and audience. Examples include: formal, informal, nasty, melancholy (sad or without spirit), soothing, bitter, somber (Gerk and gloomy), angry, assertive, boastful, reassuring, resigned (unwillingness to accept something), or offhand (without previous thought or preparation).Literary Structures Type of Poem (according to its structure) Couplet ‘A couplet has two lines of poetry and must rhyme. It canbe any rhythm, about any topietheme. Example [think that I shall never see (a) A poem lovely asa tree. (2) Triplet A tiplet has three lines of poetry, in which two or all ofthe lines may thyme, or non have to chyme. It canbe any ehythm, about any topicitheme. Example If Teould follow the buterflios [ed feel the wind that fills the skies Both day and night and feel its sighs Quatrain A quattain has four lines of poetry, usually some of which rhyme. It can be any rhythm, about any topicltheme, Each ofthe above can be written asa short poem all by itself, or you can have two or more couplets to ‘make a longer poem, two oF more triplets to make a longer poem, oF two oF more quatrain to make a ‘much longer poem. Each coupled triplev quatrain in the longer poem would be called a verse or stanza ofthat poem, creating a poem witha couplet triplet/ quatrain pattern. Example O, my love's lke a red, red rose, ‘Thats newly sprung in June: ©, my love's like the melody ‘That's sweetly played in tun. Cinquain Invented in America bythe poet Adelaide Crapsey (unfortunate name, good poet though. A cingin has ‘wenty-two syllables in five lines (two, four, sx, eight and 60). Example Wsdark Tm surrounded by strange shapes and shadows ‘There's someone coming up the stairs Is. MumtHaiku A haiku is an unchymed Japanese verse consisting of three unrhymed lines of five, seven, and five syllables (5, 7, 5) or 17 syllables in all. A haiku is usually written in present tense and focuses on. nature, Example #1 Pink cherry blossoms vast shimmering reflections on seas of Japan Example #2 Salt-waves caress sand tickling my toes and heart in theis short-spun wake Example #3 ‘Warm soup in a bow! letters ofthe alphabet hhang on the teaspoon, imerick A limerick isa rhymed humorous or nonsense poem of five lines which originated in Limerick, Ireland, ‘The limerick has a set chyme scheme of: a-a-b-b-a, witha syllable structure of: 9-9-6-6-9 or 7-7-5-5-7. Example Tam a prety little flower Lam endowed with lots of power ‘When you pick me in green T'I1 bite you cause’ I'm mean ‘And live to see another hour. Acrostic Poetry Acrostic poetry is where the first letter ofeach line spells ¢ word, usually the same words asin the ‘The poem should be about what the words comes together to spi Example He broke me heart Every piece, shattered ‘AIL Lwanted was his love Real, as he promised ‘True, as mine for him ‘But he walked away Right in the middle of paradise Every beat of my heart ‘Aches for his love Keeping the lame aglow [will wait by the ight ‘Never losing the hope God will send him back to meA POISON TREE vilam Blake ‘was angry with my fiend: told my wrath, my wrath did end, | was angry with my foe: Hold it not, my wrath did grow. ‘And | water‘ itin fears, Night and morning with my teas; ‘And! sunned it with my smiles ‘And with soft deceitful wiles. ‘And it grew both day and night, Tillitbore an apple bright; ‘And my foe beheld it shine, And he knew that it was mine— [nites haere Questions pName. Date Cass Tone in “A Poison Tree” How does the narrator feel toward ‘What words does he use that convey his feelings? ‘What tone comes through in this poem? What attitude does he have toward his “ae” and to his plan? Sa To ORE ROE RR FSO OO PTSTed Kooser He was a big man, says the size of his shoes ‘ona pile of boken dishes by the house; a tall man too, says the length ofthe bed inn upstairs room; and a good, God-earing man, says the Bible with a broken back con the floor below the window, dusty with sun; but not a man for farming, say the fields cluttered with boulders and the leaky barn Awoman fd wh hin sth edo al perro te icon ces Credo an eyed snp adodson stare tne war sect of pum ress traced non seed cle Ande eos cle ga the vido foes tn nie aca od | Something went wrong, says the empty house in the weed-croked yard. Stones in the fields say he was neta farmer; the stil-sealed jars inthe cellar say he left in nervous haste, And the child Its toys are strewn in the yard like branches after a storm—a rubber cow, ‘rusty tractorwith a broken plow, 2 doll in overcls. Something went wrong, they say. om oy sc il de: reat Hemant of shh eo ile: ep pane aayName. Date Class Mood in “Abandoned Farmhouse” Ineach box on the let, write down a way you felt as you read the poem. On. the lines tothe right, write down some words and phrases that contributed. to that feeling. ee aT ON AD AT LORS OATES“RFABW PORTRY INTHE MIDO GRADES When It ls Snowing Si Coding When it is snawing the blue jay is the only piece of sy in my backyard. Poppies Theta ern sad cet avai dowtom aah When the breeze moves across them they tater, You half expect them to spill. "When its Sawing”Tugboat at Daybreak Lian Monsen ‘The necklace of the bridge is already dimmed for morning Duta tug ina tiara slides slowly up the river, a jewel of tre dawn, ‘il festooned in light ‘The river seems to slumber Quiet in its ed, as silently the tugboat, a ghostike apparition, moves twinkling up the river and disappears from sight. vo ig rg ey emt anf ehName. Senses Touch Smell ‘Sound SightHERDING POETRY IC THE MIDDLE GRADES Stommertine Karey Nik Games Danita sits hunched on the stoop and pouts. 1 ask her what there isto pout about “Nothin’ much” she says to me, but then I see her eyes following the ice cream man. | shove my hand into my pocket {and fin the change there where I left it "Be right back” | yel, cunning down the street. ‘Me and my fast fet are there and back in just two shakes Danitra breaks the Popsile in two and gives me ha The purple ie trickles down her chin. | start to laugh. Her teeth flash in one humongous grin, telling me she's glad that fm her friend without even saying @ word. es Ro heey print of ac Perna a eee ep ea aii aName Date cass Double-Duty Words in “Summertime Sharing” Wort Wort Meanings: Meanings: Word: Word Meanings Meanings: Word: Word Meanings: Meanings: : iz z Word: Word i rT Meanings: Meanings: rE i i Word: Word E Meanings: Meanings: iStreet Painting ‘on Tuner watched him a long time and this is how he did Stand in front ofthe wal lke i's a bad dream, Make faces. Jam your hat down, Pullit off Pop your fingers—walk ‘around the block and come back, start up like you surprised the walt’ stil there. Then sigh ‘Take out your paints. Doodle around with them, stirring and humming Dip a brush in, stare at it, take a rush forward and dab-dab-dab atthe wall. Soon's you know, you got faces and bodies and trees like they were locked up in that old brush and all you had to do atit € Fam ag te ind, aceon yA ro, _so at bpm pert pan sia as sing gy eSFRIENDS IN THE KLAN 1923 Mann Neon Black veterans of WWI experienced such discrimination in veterans’ hospitals that the Veterans’ Administration, to save face, ‘opened Tuskegee, a brand-new hospital for Negroes only. Under white contol. ‘(White nurses, who were legally excused from touching blacks, stood holding ther elbows and ordering colored maids around, white shoes tapping impatiently) The Professor joined the protest. When the frst black doctor arrived to jubilation, the KKK uncoiled its length and hissed, Ifyou want to stay alive bbe away Tuesday. Unsigned, But a familiar hand. ‘The Professor stayed. And he prayed for his fiend inthe Klan, ak oy te nil ne, tt Nine 20 tn on “Steen ear ye Set mesulon Lee Rayfors You take any junkyard ‘and you will see it filed with symbols of progress ‘remarkable things discarded ‘What civilization went ahead on all its onward-impelling implements are given over tothe junkyards torust ‘The supreme implement, the wheel is conepicuous inthe junkyards ‘The axles and the levers the cogs and the fywheels all the parts of dynamos allthe parts of motors fall the parts of rusting. om in Pri he lr Foran ine © 8D am ‘oma 220 onan a i en Fes Np eaNothing Gold Can Stay Robert Fost Nature's fist green is gold, Her hardest hue to hold, Her early leafs a flower; But only so an hour. ‘Then leaf subsides to leat 0 Eden sank to gre, ‘So dawn goes down to day. Nothing gold can stay. yn aren emis br 0 en end cpa om ne yf a ro ae aay sep pene odiapaSpring Storm Ji Wayne Wile He comes gusting out ofthe house, the screen door a thunderclap behind him. He moves like a black cloud ‘over the lawn and~stops. ‘Akand in his mind grabs «2 purple crayon of anger ‘and messes the clean sky, He sits on the steps, his eye drawing ‘2 mustache on the face in the tree. As his weather clears, his rage dripping away, wisecracks and wonderment spring up like dandelions. a Pye dC, I nan 9 ther ees erst ta neNIGHT Pi Etekambs Uso, Nigers ‘Sence and stint ttle the ccs tock, ‘the creaking ecoig boards the srgutons of ects in rac seoing, ating bu depressing drkness- Inky boc, aiocing with gray ‘A struggle to parley withthe non physica ‘essing, ting tocanmne withthe mind and ts wed antes are reports of wing watchdogs ardng off cestures of te nigh, ‘eon and uns, own harry. eipectoncy, antepaton of daylight yes open ina sea oF ales nih et keen to sounds usual ind alert to jmp into acon oh canter anay dark horse and let gt pervade!I doubt if Phaethon feared more Dante Alighieri 1 doubt if Phaethon feared more - that time he dropped the sun-reins of his father's chariot and burned the streak of sky we see today ~ ‘or if poor Icarus did - feeling his sides Unfeathering as the wax began to melt, his father shoutine: "wrong, your course is wrong.Greek Mythology Lesson #1 ‘Of the characters in Greek mythology called Phaethon, the best known was the son of Clymene and the sun god Apollo (also called Helios). In Greek mythology, the science ofthe sun travelling across the sky was explained as the god Apollo driving a chariot across the sky each ay. Its flaming wheels were what were seen by people on earth, In the story of Phaethon, he was challenged by his playmates, who said he was not, in fact, the son of Apollo. Phaethon sought assurance from his mother that his father was the su god, and she gave him the requested assurance and tld him to tun this father for confirmation. He asked his father for some proof that would demonstrate his relationship with the sun. When the ‘god promised to grant him whatever he wanted, he insisted on being allowed to drive the sun chariot for a day. Placed in charge ofthe chariot, he was unable to contol the horses. The earth ‘was in danger of being burnt up and, to prevent this disaster, Zeus killed him witha thunderbolt, Greek Mythology Lesson #2 Tears isthe son ofthe master craftsman Daedalus. Often depicted in art, Icarus and hi father attempt to escape from Crete by means of wings that his father constructed from feathers and ‘wax. Icarus’ father warns him first of complacency and then of pride, asking that he not fly too low nor too high because the sea's dampness would clog, and the suns heat would melt his wings. Icarus ignoted instructions not to fly t00 close tothe sun, and the melting wax caused him to fall Into the sea where he drowned. Thi tragic theme of failed ambition contains similarities to that ‘of Phasthon. 231 Wandered Lonely as a Cloud wandered lonely asa cloud ‘That floas on high o'er vales an hills, When allat once I saw a crowd, A host of golden daffodils; ‘Beside the lake, beneath the tres, “Fluttering and dancing in the breeze ‘Continucus as the stas that shine and twinkle on the Milky Way, ‘They sieiched in never-ending Lne along the margin of a bay: “Ten thousand saw Tata glance, ‘tossing thee heads in sprightly dance. ‘The waves beside them danced; but they ‘Out-did the sparkling waves in gee: {A poet could not but be gay, jn such a jocund company: 1 gazed—and gazed—bot litle thought ‘what wealth the show to me had brought For oft, when on my couch Tie {In vacant or in pensive mood, ‘They flash upon that inward eye “Which isthe bliss of solitude; ‘And then my beart with pleasure fils, “And dances with the daffodils. William Wordsworth (1807) aeDefniion Banple fom Poem simile Metaphor Alteration Personfication Imagery Rye Alteration Assonance as