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Pantallaanterior

Bienvenido:cr080icv
Producto:BACKHOELOADER
Modelo:416CBACKHOELOADER1WR
Configuracin:416CBackhoeLoader1WR0811610736(MACHINE)
POWEREDBY3054Engine

OperacindeSistemas
416C,426C,428C,436Cand438CBackhoeLoadersHydraulicandSteeringSystem
NmerodemedioSENR120803

Fechadepublicacin01/03/1999

Fechadeactualizacin09/10/2001
i01098264

PistonPump(ImplementandSteering)
SMCS43065070
S/N7WN1939
S/N9KN11061
S/N1MR1956
S/N1NR1954
S/N2BR1911
S/N1FR11416
S/N1LR1UP
S/N1ZR1926
S/N1WR18116
S/N2CR116212
S/N9JN1884
S/N1ER1864
S/N1GR1916
S/N1HR1UP
S/N1JR11107
S/N1RR1998
S/N1XR12184
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S/N6XN13616

S/N8RN14089

S/N8TN1925

S/N1CR1864

S/N1KR1UP

S/N1TR11284

S/N2AR11604

S/N4ZN116044

S/N5YN115148

S/N1AR1UP

S/N1BR1UP

S/N1PR11599

S/N1SR1UP

S/N1YR11517

S/N2DR12717

PistonPump(ImplementandSteering)

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Illustration1

416CBackhoeLoader1WR0811610736(MACHINE)POWEREDBY3054Engine(SEBP288847)Documentacin

g00577336

VariableDisplacementPistonPumpAndCompensatorValve(1)Signalline,(2)Flowcompensator,(3)Pressurecompensator,(4)
Pumpoutput,(5)Actuatorpiston,(6)Cylinderbarrelandpistons,(7)Swashplate,(8)Driveshaft,(9)Torquelimiter,(10)Spring,
(11)Biaspiston,(12)Biasspringand(13)Yokepad

Thepistonpumpforthehydraulicsystemisautomaticallycontrolled.Flowcompensator(2)andpressure
compensator(3)arepartofthepumpcontroller.Theflowcompensatormayalsobetermedthemargin
spool.Thepistonpumpsensesbothpressureandflowneeds.Torquelimiter(9)senseshydraulicpower.
Whennoneofthehydrauliccircuitsarebeingused,thepumpisatlowpressurestandby.
Ifoneormorecircuitsarebeingused,theresolvernetworkcomparesthecontrolvalveworkportpressures.
Thesinglehighestpressurefeltflowstothepressurecompensatorspool(2).Thepressurecompensator
spoolkeepsthepumpoutputatalevelthatisneededinordertofulfillthesystemflow.Thepressure
compensatorspoolkeepsthepumpoutputatalevelthatisneededinordertofulfillthepressure
requirementsofthesystem.
Thesystempressurewillbegreaterthantherequirementsforthehighestworkportpressureunlessthe
pumpisatfullstroke.Marginpressureisthedifferencebetweenthepressurethatisneededattheworkport
andthesupplypressurethatishigher.Thepressurecompensatorvalvelimitsmaximumsystempressure.
Thisprotectsthehydraulicsystemfromdamaginghighpressures.
Thepumphastwocontrolpistons,biaspiston(12)andactuatorpiston(5).Thespringforthetorquelimiter
(10)andbiasspring(11)inthebiaspistoncausesswashplate(7)tomove.Themovementoftheswashplate
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causesthepumptoupstroke.Theactuatorpiston(5)hasalargerareathanthebiaspiston.Theactuator
piston(5)causestheswashplatetodestrokethepump.Theflowcompensatorspool(2)andthepressure
compensatorspool(3)changespumpoutputbyregulatingthedischargepressureofthepumpthatisacting
ontheactuatorpiston(5).

LowPressureStandby

Illustration2

g00577333

VariableDisplacementPistonPumpAndCompensatorValve(1)Signalline,(2)Flowcompensator,(3)Pressurecompensator,(4)
Pumpoutput,(5)Actuatorpiston,(6)Cylinderbarrelandpistons,(7)Swashplate,(8)Driveshaft,(9)Torquelimiter,(10)Spring,
(11)Biasspring,(12)Biaspiston,(13)Yokepad,(A)Signaloil,(B)Pressureoil,(C)Returnoil,(D)SuctionOiland(E)Reduced
pressureoil

Startthemachine.
Thepumpisatlowpressurestandby,whentheimplementcontrolsareintheHOLDpositionandthe
steeringisinactive.
Therearenofloworpressuredemandsonthepump.Therefore,thereisnosignalpressureinline(1).
Beforetheengineisstarted,biasspring(11)andthespringforthetorquelimiterholdsswashplate(7)ata
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maximumangle.Asthepumpbeginstoturn,thiscausesoiltoflow.Theflowofoilbuildsuppressureinthe
systembecauseoftheclosedcentersoftheimplementvalves.
Thepressureinpassagesforthepumpcontrollerisfeltatthebottomofthespoolfortheflowcompensator
(2).Thepressureinpassagesforthepumpcontrollerisalsofeltatthebottomofthespoolforthepressure
compensator(3).Asthispressureincreases,thepressurepushesthespoolfortheflowcompensatoragainst
thespring.Thespoolmovesup.Themovementopensapassageinordertoallowthepressureoiltoflowto
actuatorpiston(5).
Theoilactsagainsttheactuatorpiston.Theoilpressureovercomestheforceofbiasspring(11).Theoil
pressureovercomestheforceofthespringforthetorquelimiterandsystempressurethatistotheleftofthe
biaspiston(12).Thiscausesthepistontomovetotheright.Thepistonmovestheswashplatetowardthe
minimumangle.Theactuatorpistonuncoversacrossdrilledhole.Uncoveringtheholeallowstheoilto
drainintothecase.
Thecrossdrilledholelimitsthemaximumtravelofthepistontotheright.Thepumpproducesenoughflow
inordertosupplyflowfortheleakageinthesystem.Thepumpproducesenoughflowinordertosupply
flowforleakagetothepumpcase.
Lowpressurestandbywillvaryinthepumpassystemleakageincreasesorpumpleakageincreases.As
leakageincreases,thepumpwillupstrokeinordertocompensatefortheleakage.Thiscausestheactuator
pistontocovermoreofthecrossdrilledhole.Asthishappens,lowpressurestandbywilldroptoward
marginpressure.Lowpressurestandbywillequalmarginpressureasthepistoncoversthecrossdrilledhole.
Thepumpcontrollerroutespumpdischargepressuretoactuatorpiston(5).Theactuatorpiston(5)islarger
thanbiaspiston(12).Thiscausestheoilpressurethatactsagainstpiston(5)toovercometheforceofspring
forthetorquelimiter(10).Thiscausestheoilpressurethatactsagainstpiston(5)toovercometheforceof
biasspring(11).Thiscausesthepumptodestroke.Pumpoutletpressureismaintainedabout2100kPa(305
psi)aboveneedsoftheworkportpressurebyflowcompensator(2).
Thecontrolleralsocontrolsmaximumpressureforthepumpoutput.Astheworkportpressurerisesabove
20700kPa(3000psi),pressurecompensator(3)overridesflowcompensator(2).Thiscausesthepumpto
destroke.Thisoccursatapproximately690kPa(100psi)belowthemaximumpressuresetting.
Starttheengine.Thepumprotates.Thecylinderbarrelrotatesandthepistonsrotate.Thiscauseseachpiston
tomoveinandoutofthecylinderbarrel.Asapistonmovesoutofthebarreloilisdrawnfromthehydraulic
tank.Theoilflowsthroughthepumpinletthroughaportplateandintothecylinderbarrel.Asthepump
rotatesthepistonthenforcesthebackoiloutofthepumpthroughtheoutletport.

Upstroking

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Illustration3

416CBackhoeLoader1WR0811610736(MACHINE)POWEREDBY3054Engine(SEBP288847)Documentacin

g00577339

VariableDisplacementPistonPumpAndCompensatorValve(1)Signalline,(2)Flowcompensator,(3)Pressurecompensator,(4)
Pumpoutput,(5)Actuatorpiston.,(6)Cylinderbarrelandpistons,(7)Swashplate,(8)Driveshaft,(9)Torquelimiter,(10)Spring,
(11)Biasspring,(12)Biaspiston,(13)Yokepad,(A)Signaloil,(B)Pressureoil.,(C)Returnoil,(D)SuctionOil.and(E)Reduced
pressureoil.

Whenthepumpincreasestheoutputduetothedemandfortheincreasedflowofoilthepumpisupstroking.
Becauseoftheincreasedflowdemand,thesignalpressurecombineswiththeforceofthespringincavity.
Thiscombinationofsignalpressureandspringforceisgreaterthanthepumpdischargepressure.This
combinationofsignalpressureandspringforcecausesthespooltomovedown.Asthespoolmovesdown,
thespoolblockstheflowofthesupplyoiltotheactuatorpiston.Oilinthepassagefortheactuatorpiston
drainsintothepassageinthepumpcontroller.
Theoilthenflowspasttheflowcompensatorspool.Theoilthenflowspastthepressurecompensator.The
oilthenflowsthroughthepassageintothecasedrain.
Supplyoilflowsthroughapassagetobiaspiston(12).Theoilcombineswiththeforceofbiasspring(11)
andwiththespringforthetorquelimiter.Thiscausesswashplate(7)toupstroke.
Thisincreasespumpflow.Asflowrequirementsaresatisfiedthepumpoutputpressureincreases.The
pressureincreasesuntilthepressureinthepassagemovestheflowcompensatorspooluptothemetering
position.
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Destroking

Illustration4

g00577345

VariableDisplacementPistonPumpAndCompensatorValve(1)Signalline,(2)Flowcompensator,(3)Pressurecompensator,(4)
Pumpoutput,(5)Actuatorpiston,(6)Cylinderbarrelandpistons,(7)Swashplate,(8)Driveshaft,(9)Torquelimiter,(10)Spring,
(11)Biasspring,(12)Biaspiston.,(13)Yokepad,(A)Signaloil,(B)Pressureoil,(C)Returnoil,(D)SuctionOiland(E)Reduced
pressureoil

Whenthepumpdecreasestheoutputduetothedecreasingdemandfortheflowofoilthepumpis
destroking.Thedecreasingdemandfortheflowofoilcausesthesignalpressureinthecavitytobelessthan
thepumppressureinthepassage.Thecombinationofthesignalpressureandtheforceofthespringisless
thanthepumppressureinthepassage.Thespoolispushedup.
Oilbehindactuatorpiston(5)cannotflowthroughthepassagetothecasedrain.Pumpoilnowflows
throughthepassage,pastthespool,throughthepassageandintotheactuatorpiston(5).Pumppressure
behindactuatorpiston(5)isnowgreaterthanthecombinedforceofthebiaspiston(12)andbiasspring(11).
Theangleoftheswashplate(7)decreases.Thisdecreasespumpoutputandsystempressuredecreases.
Oncethelowerflowrequirementsaremet,theflowcompensatorspoolmovesdowntothemetering
position.Swashplate(7)willmaintainananglethatissufficienttoprovidethelowerrequiredpressure.Ifall
implementsarereturnedtohold,thepumpgoestolowpressurestandby.
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HighPressureStall

Illustration5

g00577348

VariableDisplacementPistonPumpAndCompensatorValve(1)Signalline,(2)Flowcompensator,(3)Pressurecompensator.,(4)
Pumpoutput,(5)Actuatorpiston,(6)Cylinderbarrelandpistons,(7)Swashplate,(8)Driveshaft,(9)Torquelimiter,(10)Spring,
(11)Biasspring,(12)Biaspiston,(13)Yokepad,(A)Signaloil,(B)Pressureoil,(C)Returnoil,(D)SuctionOiland(E)Reduced
pressureoil

Whenthehydraulicsystemstallsunderloadorwhenthecylindersreachtheendofthestroke,thesystem
pressureincreases.Thesignalpressuretothepumpcontrollerbecomesequaltothepumpoutputpressure.
Theflowcompensatorspringkeepsthecompensatorspoolshifteddownward.
Whenthesystempressurereaches19000kPa(2755psi)inthepassage,theupwardforceonthepressure
compensatorspoolwillovercometheforceofthespring.Thiswillcausethespooltomoveup.Supplyoil
flowsthroughthepassagetotheactuatorpiston(5).
Pressurethatisfeltontheactuatorpistonwilldestrokethepump.Forsinglevalveoperation,pumpoutput
decreaseswhilethesystempressureislimitedto20700kPa(3000psi).Formultiplevalveoperation,the
systempressurewillbeclosetothemaximum.Thesystempressurewillbeclosetothemaximum,butthe
pumpwillproduceflowinordertomeettheneedsoftheothercircuitswiththelowerpressurerequirements.
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Duringahighpressurestall,movementofthecontrolleverintotheHOLDpositioncausesthepumpto
returntothelowpressurestandby.

TorqueLimiter

Illustration6

g00577349

VariableDisplacementPistonPumpAndCompensatorValve(1)Signalline,(2)Flowcompensator,(3)Pressurecompensator,(4)
Pumpoutput,(5)Actuatorpiston,(6)Cylinderbarrelandpistons,(7)Swashplate,(8)Driveshaft,(9)Torquelimiter,(10)Spring,
(11)Biasspring,(12)Biaspiston,(13)Yokepad,(A)Signaloil,(B)Pressureoil,(C)Returnoil,(D)SuctionOiland(E)Reduced
pressureoil

Torquelimiter(9)monitorstheangleoftheswashplate(7)andthetorquelimitermonitorsthepumpsignal
pressure.Thetorquelimiterdestrokesthepumpaspressureincreases.Thetorquelimiterkeepsthe
swashplatefrommovingtofullstrokeasthesystempressurerisesabove15180kPa(2200psi).
Thetorquelimitermaintainsthedisplacementofthepumpinaninverseproportiontothedischargepressure
ofthepump.Theoutputofthepumpisatalessavailabledisplacementasthepressureinthesystemrises.
Whenthepumpisatthemaximumflowandwhenthesignalpressureinline(1)risesabovethesettingfor
thetorquelimiter,thetorquelimiteropens.Thetorquelimiterroutessomeofthesignaloilbacktothe
hydraulictank.Thiscausesapressuredropthroughanorificeandthislowerssignalpressureinline(1).
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Withalowerpressureforsignaloilinline(1),thedischargeoilcausesthespoolfortheflowcompensatorto
moveupslightly.Whenthespoolmovesupward,thespoolopensapathfordischargeoiltoflowtoactuator
piston(5).
Theoilactsagainstpiston(5)andtheoilcausesthepistontomoveright.Whenthepistonmovesright,the
pistondestrokesthepumpandthepistonreducespumpoutput.
Assystempressurelowers,signalpressureinline(1)alsolowersandtorquelimiter(9)closes.Whenthe
torquelimitercloses,partofthesignaloilisnolongerroutedtothehydraulictank.Signalpressureinline
(1)isnowequaltothepressurefortheloadonthecylinder.
Iftheloadpressureremainsconstant,areducedoutputwillbesufficientinordertomaintainthetorque
limiterintheclosedposition.Iftheloadpressurerisesagain,thetorquelimiterwillagainopen.Thiswill
causethepumptodestroke.Thetorquelimiterissetinordertoallowfullpumpflowwheneverthesignal
pressureisbelow15180kPa(2200psi).
Copyright19932016CaterpillarInc.
Todoslosderechosreservados.
RedprivadaparalicenciadosdelSIS.

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