Aerodynamic Analysis & Optimization of UAV Propelled Streamlining Wing

Academic Journal of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering 2013
2010 The Henry Samueli School of Engineering, 5200 Engineering Hall, Irvine, CA 92697-2700
Aerodynamic Analysis & Optimization of UAV Propelled Streamlining Wing

M. Nagendrababu, Jonathan B. Hopkins
Abstract
To enhance the structure exhibitions of minitype unmanned airborne vehicle (UAV) wing,
numerical reproduction and streamlining plan rule was completed for planning the best
composites wing structure. In this way tradeoff can be acquired between the general
execution and the heaviness of the wing. Propelled composite material has its own particular
exceptional elements, for example, high particular quality, high particular modulus,
designable execution and essential shaping effectively. The utilization of cutting edge
composite material on the aerocraft structure can essentially diminish the weight, and
enhance the streamlined and flight exhibitions. In this paper, the parametric limited
component model is set up utilizing parametric demonstrating method for anxiety and stain
investigation. Given any arrangement of geometric parameters, the geometric
demonstrating, cross section, strain and push investigation can be naturally done in
succession. The worldwide ideal arrangement is ensured by the proposed two-stage
improvement seek technique brushing hereditary calculation (GA) and consecutive quadratic
programming (SQP). Similar studies demonstrate that the streamlining productivity can be
enormously enhanced with the two-stage improvement look methodology.
Keywords: Propelled composite material, structure plan, parametric limited component
displaying, advancement outline.
1.
INTRODUCTION
As a sort of new material, the propelled composite material achieves incredible upset to the
aerocraft business since it was presented in the 1960s. With its wide application in aviation
structure, the propelled composite material is named as "the four fundamental materials of aviation
structure" alongside aluminum amalgam, titanium combination, and compound steel. The
propelled composite material has its own conspicuous components, for example, high particular
quality, high particular modulus, designable execution and vital shaping effortlessly, and so on.
With the use of the propelled composites, the heaviness of the aerocraft structure can be decreased
by around 25% ~ 30% contrasted with the customary metal structures. In addition, the streamlined
and flight exhibitions can be enhanced to the levels that the traditional materials can barely
accomplish. The broad utilization of cutting edge composites is likewise ready to advance some
further innovation improvement of structure stealth and shrewd structure outline. The aerocraft
structure execution is fundamentally subject to the part and nature of the propelled composites
utilized as a part of aerocraft. Be that as it may, it is hard to accomplish great outlines of the
composites in aerocraft structure to ensure necessities for various missions. In this way, to
completely investigate the directional properties of composites, the designable capacity of
structure execution and the amazing manufacturability of vast segment essential shaping, it is
important to acquaint the rule of advancement with the composite structure outline [1-6].
In this paper, the advancement plan and numerical reenactment for composite structure of wing on
a UAV is executed. By utilizing parametric displaying system, the parametric limited component
Academic Special Issue: June 2013 (Summer Edition)
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model is set up to direct anxiety examination of the wing. Given any arrangement of geometric
parameters, the geometric demonstrating, lattice, strain and stretch examination can be
consequently completed in succession. To guarantee the ideal arrangement can be acquired, a twostage improvement seek methodology which consolidates hereditary calculation (GA) and
successive quadratic programming (SQP) is proposed amid streamlining. It is presumed that this
two-stage advancement seek technique can enormously improve the productivity of finding the
genuine ideal arrangement through contrasting this strategy and GA.
2. THE PARAMETRIC FINITE ELEMENT MODELING OF UAV
2.1. Geometric Modeling and Meshing
Wing box is the fundamental burden bearing structure of airfoil surface, including skin boards,
bars and center sandwich board, and so on. Aerofoil B-8306-b 5 delineated in Fig. (1) is considered
in this work [7]. Fig. (2) shows the geometric model with cross section of the minitype UAV wing.
The parameters required in the geometric displaying procedure are: the nature of UAV W=5kg,
reference range of wing s=0.16 m2, decrease proportion =0.8, viewpoint proportion A=8, wing
traverse b, length of root harmony cr, length of tip harmony ct, sweepback edge (driving edge
sweepback edge LLE, a quarter harmony sweepback edge Lc/4 =10o).
Fig. (1). Aerofoil B-8306-b.
Fig. (2). Geometric model of UAV wing.

2.2. Finite Element Analytical (FEA) Modeling
The genuine weight dispersion of the upper and lower surfaces of the UAV wing is outlined in
Fig. (3) [8]. It is exceptionally hard to apply such load on the FEA model for viable applications.
Consequently, the genuine burden bends in Fig. (3) are improved inside the exactness prerequisite,
and the heap embraced in this work is appeared in Fig. (4). In these Figures, the strong line speaks
to the wing geometry shape, the dash speck line speaks to the weight appropriation of upper surface
of the wing, and the spotted line speaks to the weight conveyance of lower surface of the wing. In
Figs. (3 and 4), a will be a consistent coefficient (a = 2.64x10-4), which can be ascertained by
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balance state of powers between the heap endured by the wing and the heaviness of UAV. As
indicated by the geometric relationship, the harmony length of any area can be communicated as
Fig. (3). True load curve.
At that point the qualities deciding the weight dispersion of upper and lower surfaces of the wing
(z1, z3, z2, z4) can be computed. Since the wing is altered on the flying machine body, both the
dislodging and turn point at the root harmony are considered as zero.
Fig. (4). Approximate load curve.

The material utilized as a part of the center sandwich boards is froth cement, of which the versatile
modulus is E=5.7MPa, the shear modulus is G=3MPa and the thickness is 0.04g/cm3. The material
utilized for pillars is Korean pine, of which the flexible modulus is E=10400MPa and the thickness
is 0.5g/cm3. The material utilized for skin boards is carbon fiber/epoxy sap, of which the single
layer disorder is 0.28mm and the thickness is 1.4 g/cm3. The mechanical properties of
unidirectional covers can be found in Reference [1]. The upper surface of the skin endures weight,
while the lower surface endures pressure. In the meantime, carbon fiber is two-dimensional
anisotropic, which implies that it has distinctive capacity to oppose pliable and compressive
quality. Subsequently, keeping in mind the end goal to accomplish the ideal general execution of
the wing, distinctive materials are individually utilized as a part of the skin boards in the upper and
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lower surface. The quantity of composites layer is considered as the variable N, and laying point
equivalents to 180o N.
Fig. (5). The process of design optimization.

Accordingly, the originators can be liberated from dull work loaded with points of interest plan,
and focus on the control highlight of configuration article without starting with the geometric
subtle elements. Moreover, outline parameters can be changed in the accompanying configuration
procedure and afterward plan article will be naturally upgraded. Given any arrangement of
geometric parameters, the geometric displaying, cross section, strain and stretch investigation can
be consequently done in grouping.
3. REALIZATION OF OPTIMIZATION
iSIGHT is a product which can complete framework joining, plan streamlining and mechanization
preparing. Through a graphical interface, this product can incorporate recreation code and give
savvy support.
a. Convergence plot of optimization parameter Total Mass.
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b. Convergence plot of optimization parameter cr.
c. Convergence plot of optimization parameter dmax.

Fig. (6). Convergence plots of optimization parameters (Total Mass, cr, dmax).
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Fig. (7). Stress and displacement distribution at the GA+SQP optimal point (P2).
4. CONCLUSIONS
The application of the advanced composites plays an important role in improving the aerocraft
structure performances. In this work, the parametric finite element model is established to
accomplish the stress and strain analysis for UAV composite wings. In the process of optimization,
the combination of GA and SQP algorithms ensure that the global optimal solution can be obtained.
The optimization results show that the mass of the wing is greatly reduced using our proposed
approach, and the utilization rate of material is evidently increased compared to that of the initial
design. Meanwhile, the optimization efficiency can be greatly improved with the two-step
optimization search strategy.
AKNOWLEDGEMENT
The sponsor Northrop Grumman of USA and MAE of UCLA, USA are greatly appreciated.
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Academic Journal of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering 2013