Basic Grammar |

TENSES
Dua langkah membuat kalimat dalam bahasa
Inggris :
1 : Kalimat apa yang ingin dibuat? Situasi atau Aktifitas?
2 : Kapan terjadinya? Present / Past / Future ?
Present

Situation
S+TO BE+O
TO BE :
is/am/are/was/were/will be

S + is/am/are + O

Past
S + was/were + O

Future
S + will be + O

Simple Present

Sentence
S+P+O
(the P could be
VERB or TO BE)

Activity

S + V1 + O
She/He/It + V1+s+O
Do/Does

Simple Past

S+VERB+O

S+V2+O
Did

VERB :
V1/ V2 / V3 / Ving / Vs

Simple Future

There are 12 tenses

for Activity category,
see next page

Present
Continous

S+will +V1 + O

S + TOBE + Ving +O

Present Perfect
S+Have/Has+V3+O

TENSES
(active-VOICE)
PRESENT
PAST
EENG

FUTURE

Tenses

Basic Grammar |
S + V1 + O
do/does
(keg.
rutin/kebiasaan)

SIMPLE

CONTINOUS

PERFECT
CONTINOUS

(Keg.masih
berlangsung)

EENG

(keg.
di
lampau)

masa

S +will + V1 + O
(keg.
di
depan)

masa

I write a report I wrote a report I will write a

everyday
yesterday
report
next
She
drives
a
month
Ferrari
S+tobe+Ving+O
S+tobe+Ving+
S+tobe+Ving+O
O
(keg.sedang
berlangsung
sekarang)

(keg.sedang
berlangsung)

PERFECT
(keg.sudah selesai)

S + V2 + O
did

(keg.sedang
berlangsung
di
suatu
waktu
tertentu di masa
lalu)

(keg.sedang
berlangsung
di
suatu
waktu
tertentu di masa
depan)

I am writing a
I was writing a
report now
report
at
10
a.m. yesterday
S
S +had+V3+O
+have/has+V3+
(keg.
sudah
O

I will be writing
a report at 10
a.m. tomorrow

(keg. sudah selesai

tapi
masih
ada
korelasinya dengan
saat ini)

(keg. sudah selesai

sebelum kegiatan
lain
di
masa
depan)

selesai
sebelum
kegiatan lain di
masa lampau)

S
+will+have+V3+
O

I had written a
report by the
will
have
I have written a time you came I
written
a
report
report just now
yesterday
by the time you
come tomorrow
S
S+will+have+be
S
+have/has+V3+ +had+been+Ving en+ Ving+O
O
O
(keg.masih
berlangsung
saat
ini, dimulai di suatu
waktu
di
masa
lampau)

(keg.masih
berlangsung
di
masa
lampau,
dimulai di suatu
waktu di masa
lampau)

I
had
been
I
have
been writing a report
writing a report by for 2 hours
by the time you
for 2 hours /
me
since 2 hours ago called
yesterday

(keg.masih
berlangsung
di
masa
depan,
dimulai di suatu
waktu
di
masa
lalu/sekarang/depa
n)

I will have been

writing a report
for 2 hours by the
time you come
tomorrow.

Tenses

Basic Grammar |

TENSES
(PASSIVE-VOICE)

SIMPLE

CONTINOUS

(keg.sedang
berlangsung)

PERFECT
(keg.sudah selesai)

PRESENT
O+is/am/are+V3
+
by+S

PAST
O+was/were+
V3+ by+S

FUTURE
O+will be+V3 +
by+S

A report was
A
report
is written by me
written by me yesterday
everyday
O+is/am/are+
O+was/were+
being+V3+by+S being+V3+by+
S
A report is being
written by me A report was
now
being written
by
me
yesterday
O+have/has+
O+had+
been+V3+by+S
been+V3+by+
S
A
report
has
been written by A report had
me already
been
written
by me by the
time you came
yesterday
O+have/has+
O+had+
been+being+V3 been+being+V
+
3+by+S
by+S

A report will be
written by me
next week

PERFECT
CONTINOUS

(Keg.masih
berlangsung)

EENG

A
report
has
been
being
written by me
for 2 hours now

A report had
been
being
written by me
for 2 hours by
the time you
called
me
yesterday

O+was/were+
being+V3+by+S
A report will be
being
written
by me
O+will+have+
been+V3+by+S
A
report
will
have
been
written by me
by the time you
come tomorrow
O+will+have
been+being+V3
+
by+S
A
report
will
have
been
being
written
by me for 2 hours
by the time you
call me tomorrow

Tenses

Basic Grammar |

EXERCISE
Part 1 : Translate sentences below into proper English!
1. Saya menulis laporan setiap hari
2. Saya menulis laporan kemaren
3. Saya menulis laporan besok
4. Saya sedang menulis laporan sekarang
5. Saya baru saja sudah menulis laporan
6. Saya sakit kemaren
7. Saya merasa sakit kemaren
8. Saya ujian kemaren / Saya sarapan tadi pagi

Part 2 : Give correct responses to questions below!

1. What do you do at 7 am everymorning?
2. What did you do at 7 am yesterday?
3. What are you doing now?
4. What will you do at 7 am tomorrow?
5. What have you been doing since 7 am this morning?

EENG

Tenses

Basic Grammar |

Part 3 : Translate sentences below into proper English !

1. Ibu saya menyiapkan sarapan setiap pagi
2. Dina tidak mandi tadi pagi
3. Apakah kamu suka es krim?
4. Saya dulu miskin, sekarang masih miskin tapi besok saya akan
kaya
5. Apakah Jack dan Tom adalah teman baik?
6. Cuaca tidak cerah kemaren
7. Apakah kamu sudah makan?
8. Sebelumnya saya berfikir bahwa bahasa inggris itu sulit, tapi
setelah hari ini saya berfikir bahwa bahasa inggris itu sangat
gampang

9. Apakah dia (perempuan) akan gembira besok?

10.

Saya tidak butuh banyak uang, saya hanya butuh

pertemanan sejati
11.
12.

EENG

Apakah mereka sedang marah?

Apakah Cheryl dan Suzan sedang menangis?

Tenses

Basic Grammar |

EENG

Tenses