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Deviatoricstressandinvariants
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The stress tensor can be expressed as the sum of two stress

tensors, namely: the hydrostatic stress tensor and the deviatoric
stresstensor.Inthisarticlewewilldefinethehydrostaticandthe
deviatoric part of the stress tensor and we will calculate the
invariants of the stress deviator tensor. The invariants of the
deviatoricstressareusedfrequentlyinfailurecriteria.
Considerastresstensor

actingonabody.Thestressedbody

tends to change both its volume and its shape. The part of the
stresstensorthattendstochangethevolumeofthebodyiscalled
mean hydrostatic stress tensor or volumetric stress tensor. The
partthattendstodistortthebodyiscalledstressdeviatortensor.
Hence,thestresstensormayexpressedas:
(1)
where istheKroneckerdelta(with

if

and

if

), isthemeanstressgivenby:
(2)
where is the first invariant of the stress tensor (see also:
Principal stresses and stress invariants). The product

is the

hydrostatic stress tensor and contains only normal stresses.The

deviatoric stress tensor can be obtained by subtracting the
hydrostaticstresstensorfromthestresstensor:

(3)
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Inordertocalculatetheinvariantsofthestressdeviatortensorwe
will follow the same procedure used in the article Principal
stresses and stress invariants. It must be mentioned that the
principaldirectionsofthestressdeviatortensorcoincidewiththe
principal directions of the stress tensor. The characteristic
equationfor is:
(4)
where , and arethefirst,secondandthirddeviatoricstress
invariants,respectively.Therootsofthepolynomialarethethree
principal deviatoric stresses , and . , and may be
calculatedbythefollowingexpressions:

(5)

where , and arethethreeinvariantsofthestresstensorand

isthedeterminantof .Itshouldbementionedthatsince
, the stress deviator tensor describes a state of pure
shear.
Example
Calculatethestressdeviatortensoranditsinvariantsforthe
followingstresstensor:

(6)

Solution
Firstlywecalculatethemeanpressure :
(7)
Fromequation(3)wecalculatethestressdeviatortensor:

(8)

Forthestressdeviatortensorinvariantswewilluseequations(5)
andweget:

(9)

Finallythecharacteristicequationis:
(10)
SuggestedBibliography
Y.C. Fung and P. Tong. Classical and Computational Solid
Mechanics.WorldScientific,Singapore,2001.
L.E. Malvern. Introduction to the Mechanics of a Continuous
Medium.PrenticeHall,EnglewoodCliffs,NewJersey,1969.
W.F. Chen and D.J. Han. Plasticity for Structural Engineers.
SpringerVerlag,NewYork,1988.

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ThisentrywaspostedinStress,Stress&Strain.Bookmarkthepermalink.

5ResponsestoDeviatoricstressandinvariants
pramodhsays:
November23,2011at1:32pm

thesubjectisveryclearlyexplainedandtheexamplehelpedinavoidingconfusion.
thanksfortheclarification

Leosays:
March15,2012at10:18am

Ithinktheresamistakeatstep8,s12shouldbeunchangedsoits1,andJ2Igot49

rockmechssays:
March20,2012at6:00pm

Youareright.Therewasamistakeonequation(6),notonequation(8).The
stresstensormustbesymmetric,sos12is3,not1.Ifixedit.Thankyoufor
yourremark.

Kavasays:
August28,2012at7:50am

Idliketoknowwhatthismeasureofstressisusedfor.Itseemstobeusedprimarily
bygeotechs(basedonaGooglesearch).Iseethederivationoverandoverbutno
practicalapplicationcanyoupleasedescribetheusage?

rockmechssays:
September1,2012at11:58am

Deviatoricstressisusedprimarlyinfailurecriteria(andespeciallythesecond
invariantJ2ofthedeviatoricstresstensor).Itrepresentstheshearpartof
thestresstensor,thepartthattendstodistorttheshapeofthebody.You
willfindmoreinfoifyoureadmoreonfailurecriteria.Iamplanningtowrite
soonafewarticlesonwellknownfailurecriteria.

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