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Base Quantities
The physical quantities which are used as the basis
for the measurement and cant be derived from other
physical quantities.
There are five base quantities as shown in the
following table:
Understanding Physics
The study of the laws that determine the structure of
the universe with reference to the matter and energy
of which it consists.
The study was divided into separated fields; heat , the
properties of matter, light, sound ,wave, electricity,
magnetism, mechanics, nuclear physics etc.
In physics , there is the need to make careful
observations, precise and accurate measurements.
Understanding natural phenomena and observing
everyday objects such as a table, a mirror etc and
discuss how they are related to physics concepts has
always been a central aim of physics.
The roots of all science are firmly based in
experiment. Of course , mastering scientific skills
applying scientific knowledge must be the important
thing to learn physics.
Base
quantity
Symbol
Unit name
Unit
Abbreviation
Measured
by
Length
Mass
Time
Temperature
Current
Physical Quantities
Derived Quantities
Derived
quantity
Symbol
In term of
the base
quantities
Derived unit
Unit
Abbreviation
Area
Velocity
Density
Example 1
State the following derived quantities in terms of the
base quantities.
(a) Acceleration
(Hint: Acceleration = change of velocity )
time
(b) Momentum
(Hint : Mometum = mass x velocity )
Solution
Example 2
State the base units for the following derived
quantities:
(a) Force
(Hint : Force = mass x acceleration )
TUTORIAL 1
1
(b) Impulse
(Hint : Impulse = change of momentum)
(c) Work
(Hint : Work = force x displacement)
2
Solution :
B
C
D
Ampere
Second
gram
kilogram
B
D
miligram
mikrogram
Length
Temperature
B
D
Time
Mass
B
D
Celsius
Kilogram
Weight
Time
B
D
Length
Current
Force
Volume
Acceleration
B
C
D
15
Ruler
Stop watch
Triple beam balance
16
B
D
1
2
3
17
S.I. Unit
Kg m s-2
Area
Weight
Power
Density
S.I. unit
foot squared
Kilogram
Joules per minute
Kilograms per
metre cubed
Momemtum
Pressure
A
B
C
A
B
C
D
Length
Mass
Time
Velocity
Force
Temperature
Physical
quantitiy
12
14
11
10
13
o
Base quantitiy
C
Derived
Work
kg m 2 s -2
quantity
D
Basie
Area
m2
quantitiy
The kinetic energy of a moving object is given
by
E=mv2
where m = mass and v = velocity. The number
of the base quanrtities involve in the kinetic
energy ,E is or are
B
C
kg 2 m
kg m 2
kg 2 m 2
B
D
s,
m = Mass and the unit is kg
kg - 2 m
kg m - 2
k = constant
The units of k are
22
A
18
19
kg- 1 s 2
D kg- 2 s-1
A
C
....................................................................
(b) State the power in term of base quantities.
Weight
Force
B
D
Volume
Acceleration
B
D
20
Power
Distance
21
A
C
20
kg s2
C kg s
E kg2 s
....................................................................
The Newtons law of universal gravitation state,
the gravitational attraction force, F is directly
proportional to the product of the mass ,m and
M of two bodies and inversely proportional to
the square of distance ,R between them.
The law is given by the equation
F=GmM
R2
current = charge
time
(ii)
Based on the equation, which of the
quantities above are
(i)
base quantities
(ii)
.......................................................
derived quantities
..
the derived quantities.
..
(iii) the vector quantities
...
(b) The S.I. units of F,m ,M and R
.......................................................
(b) What are the S.I.units of charge?
...............................................................
(c) The S.I. units of G