EXPERIMENT#7

Reynolds Apparatus

INSTRUCTOR:

Group#7

Dr.Anand Gupta Chakinala

Members: Rushil Garg

Ranjith.S

Due Date: 21/09/2016

Contents
Executive Summary:....................................................................................................... 1
Objective:..................................................................................................................... 1
Theory:........................................................................................................................ 1
Procedure..................................................................................................................... 2
Data............................................................................................................................. 3
Observation Table:......................................................................................................... 3
Calculations:................................................................................................................. 4
1

Result & Discussion........................................................................................................ 5

References.................................................................................................................... 5

Executive Summary:
We calculated the coefficient of discharge of orifice meter. We noted the volumetric flow rate
and pressure difference to calculate the coefficient of discharge. We observed the coefficient
value lies between 0 and 1 and never exceed 1

Objective:
To determine the coefficient of discharge of an orifice meter

Theory:
An orifice meter is a device used for measuring flow rate. It uses the same principle as
a venturimeter, Bernoulli's principle, which states that there is a relationship between the
pressure of the fluid and the velocity of the fluid. When the velocity increases, the pressure
decrease.
A sharp edged orifice consists of an accurately machined and drilled plate mounted between two
flanges with a hole concentric with the pipe in which it is mounted pressure taps are installed and
are connected to manometer. The position of pressure taps are arbitrary and coefficient of meter
depends on it. The reduction of cross section of the flowing stream in passing through the orifice
increases the velocity and decreases the pressure, the reduction in pressure is measured by
manometer. Bernoullis equation correlates the increase in velocity and decrease in pressure.
V = Co

2( p1 p 2)
(1 4 )

Figure 1 orifice meter

Procedure
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.

IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
XIV.

Switch on the pump

Let it fill into the measuring tank up to 28-30 cm.
Switch off the pump.
Calibrate the measuring tank for 1 cm and find the calculated volume of the tank
Measure the dimensions of the measuring tank and find out the volume. This is the
theoretical value.
Switch on the pump and open the valve fully
Adjust the valves 5,6,7,8 such that the Mercury attains equilibrium, i.e., both the Left and
Right are at the same level.
As soon as a steady flow is attained, note down the readings of the manometer. Set a time
limit (here, 30 seconds) and let the water flow in the measuring tank. Stop the flow after
30 seconds.
Note down the scale reading of the measuring tank.
Take the mean of these values and multiply with the mean volume obtained.
Close the valve-4 a little.
The mercury levels will change. Note down the left and right levels.
Let the water flow for 30 seconds, note down the readings.
Repeat the steps for this position and find out the volume occupied.

XV.
XVI.
XVII.
XVIII.
XIX.

Close the valve-4 a little again. Be careful while closing the valve, otherwise the mercury
will shoot out in the water tank.
Repeat the same steps as before.
Continue performing the experiment until the valve-4 is partially open.
For the fully closed position, open the valve-3 a bit, so that water has a way to pass.
Find out the value of the volume occupied.

Data
Diameter of pipe: D = 0.028m
Diameter of orifice: d = 0.014m
Density of Hg: 13600 kg/m3
Density of Fluid: 1000 kg/m3
Viscosity of fluids: 1cP
Area of Tank = .390m.20m= .079m2
Height of tank = .38m

Observation Table:
Experimental Volume of Tank = (800+780+790)/3 = 790 mL/cm
Theoretical Volume of Tank = L= 39 cm; W= 20cm; H= 1cm = 780 cm3
= do/dp = 0.5

S.No
.

1.

2.

3.

4.

H 2H 1

Left
Mercury
Reading
(cm) H1

Right
mercury
Reading
(cm) H2

(cm)

11.1
11.5
11.5

22.3
22.7
22.7

11.2
11.2
11.2

12.4
12.5
12.4

21.6
21.4
21.6

9.2
8.9
9.2

13.3
13.4
13.3

20.8
20.7
20.8

7.5
7.3
7.5

15.6
15.6
15.6

18
18
18

2.4
2.4
2.4

Mean H
(cm)

Initial
height
(cm)

Final
height
(cm)

Area of pipe (

V=

S.No
1
2
3
4

a0

a1

2
1

Volume
flow rate(
3

cm / s )

11.2

3
3
3

21
21.5
20.9

18
18.5
17.9

18.13

477.4

9.1

3
3
3

19.5
19.3
19.2

16.5
16.3
16.2

16.33

430

7.43

3
3
3

16.2
16.8
16.5

113.2
13.8
13.5

13.5

355.5

2.4

3
3
3

11.4
12
11.6

8.4
9
8.6

8.66

228

) = D2/4 = 0.000154 m

2
) = D2/4 = 0.000616 m

C 0 a0 a1 2 gh

Mean
height
h (cm)

(hV)/t=
h790/30

Calculations:
Area of orifice (

Difference
in height
(cm)

a 02

3
V( m /s )

.0004774
.0004300
.0003555
.0002280

Co
.2079
.2078
.1901
.2145

Result & Discussion

The value of Discharge coefficient is found out to be less than 1.
The value of Co increases with increase in the pressure difference.
So, it can be concluded that value of Co will not be more than 1 in any case. It is always less than
1.

References
Unit operation of chemical engineering Mc Cabe , Smith