1

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BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY, ATOMIC STRUCTURE

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

An oxide of nitrogen has molecular weight 30. What is the

number of electrons in one molecule of the compound ?
(a) 14
(b) 15
(c) 22
(d) 23
[2006-I]
How many gram atoms of hydrogen are present in 0.04 mole
of CuSO4 . 5H2O ?
(a) 0.04
(b) 0.2
(c) 0.4
(d) 4
[2006-I]
Why is helium preferred over hydrogen for use in airships ?
(a) Helium has a low density
(b) Helium has a high density
(c) Helium is chemically less reactive
(d) Helium is chemically more reactive.
[2006-I]
One litre of an unknown gas weighs 1.25 g at STP. Which
one of the following can be the formula for the gas ?
(a) O2
(b) CO
(c) CO2
(d) SO2
[2006-I]
Consider the following statements:
1. Maximum covalency of carbon is 4, whereas maximum
covalency of silicon is 6.
2. The maximum covalency of an element is limited to 6.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 [2006-I]
Which one of the following substances does not have a
melting point?
(a) Bromine
(b) Sodium chloride
(c) Mercury
(d) Glass
[2006-I]
Which one of the following metals occurs in nature in free
state ?
(a) Gold
(b) Sodium
(c) Aluminium
(d) Copper
[2006-II]
An ionic compound when dissolved in water has produced
m An, n Bm ions. What is the formula of the compound ?
(a) Am Bn
(b) An Bm
(c) A mB m
(d) An Bn
[2006-II]
What are the types of bonds present in CuSO4.5H2O ?
(a) Electrovalent and covalent
(b) Electrovalent and coordinate covalent
(c) Electrovalent, covalent, coordinate covalent and
hydrogen bonds
(d) Covalent and coordinate covalent
[2006-II]

10.

11.

12.
13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

Which one of the following is the correct sequence of the

given elements in the increasing order of their reactivity ?
(a) Iodine-Bromine-Chlorine-Fluorine
(b) Bromine-Iodine-Chlorine-Fluorine
(c) Bromine-Iodine-Fluorine-Chlorine
(d) Iodine-Bromine-Fluorine-Chlorine
[2006-II]
At NTP, the least volume will be occupied by 15 g of which
one of the following ?
(a) NH3
(b) O2
(c) N2
(d) Ne
[2007-I]
At 30C, which 3 metals are all liquids ?
(a) Hg, Fe, Zn
(b) Hg, Sn,Pb
(c) Zn, Pb, Sn
(d) Hg,Ga, Cs
[2007-I]
Which one of the following noble gases is not found in the
atmosphere?
(a) Argon
(b) Krypton
(c) Radon
(d) Xenon
[2007-I]
Which one of the following is the correct statement ? The
force binding the nucleons inside the nucleus is :
(a) charge dependent
(b) strong and highly repulsive
(c) a central force
(d) charge independent
[2007-I]
What is the weight of one atom of Hydrogen in grams?
(a) 6.023 1023
(b) 1.66 1024
24
(b) 6.62 10
(d) None of these [2007-I]
Which one of the following elements shows variable
equivalent mass?
(a) Zinc
(b) Silver
(c) Calcium
(d) Iron
[2007-I]
An element A has valencies equal to 3 and 5. It combines
with another element B having valency equal to 2. What are
formulae of the compounds thus formed?
(a) A5B3 and A2B5
(b) A3B2 and A5B2
(c) A2B3 and A2B5
(d) A2B3 and A3B5[2007-I]
The atomic weights are expressed in terms of atomic mass
unit. Which one of the following is used as a standard?
(a) 1 H1
(b) 12 C6
16
(c)
O8
(d) 35Cl17
[2007-I]
The octet rule is not valid for which one of the following
molecules?
(a) CO2
(b) H2S
(c) NH3
(d) BF3
[2007-I]

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2
20.
21.
22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

Which is the rarest naturally occurring element of earth?

(a) Gold
(b) Antimony
(c) Germanium
(d) Astatine
[2007-II]
Which one of the following elements is a metalloid?
(a) P
(b) Al
(c) As
(d) Po
[2007-II]
Analysis shows that a binary compound of X (atomic mass
= 10) and Y (atomic mass = 20) contains 50% X. What is the
formula of the compound?
(a) XY
(b) X2Y
(c) XY2
(d) X2Y3
[2007-II]
What is the correct increasing order of electronegativity for
the most common oxidation states among the following
elements ?
(a) F < O < N < C
(b) C < N < C < F
(c) C < N < F < O
(d) C < N < O < F [2007-II]
Which one of the following mixtures is homogeneous?
(a) Starch and sugar
(b) Methanol and water
(c) Graphite and charcoal
(d) Calcium carbonate and calcium bicarbonate [2008-I]
Which one of the following laws explains the formation of
carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide from carbon and
oxygen?
(a) Law of conservation of mass
(b) Law of multiple proportions
(c) Law of reciprocal proportions
(d) Law of difinite proportions
[2008-I]
In which one of the following is the valence electronic
configuration, ns2np3 found ?
(a) Carbon
(b) Oxygen
(c) Nitrogen
(d) Argon
[2008-I]
The molecular weight and equivalent weight of which one
of the following is the same ?
(a) H2SO4
(b) KMnO4
(c) H2C2O4
(d) NaOH
[2008-I]
Which of the following sets of substance can exist as
molecular crystalline solids?
(a) Nickel, Zinc, Manganese
(b) Glass, Cement, Rubber
(c) Polyethene, Polyvinyl Chloride, Graphite
(d) Iodine, Sulphur, H2O.
[2008-II]
Which of the statements with regard to Isotopes and Isobars
is/are correct?
1. Isotopes have same mass number.
2. Isobars have same atomic number.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) 1 only
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2 [2008-II]
What is the number of water molecules present in a tiny
drop of water ( volume 0.0018 ml ) at room temperature?
(a) 4.84 1017
(b) 4.184 1018
(c) 6.023 1019
(d) 6.023 1023 [2008-II]
In which one of the following situations a chemical reaction
does not occur?
(a) Common salt is exposed to air
(b) Coal is burnt in air
(c) Sodium is placed in water
(d) Iron is kept in moist air
[2008-II]

32.

The deficiency of which one of the following leads to dental

caries?
(a) Iron
(b) Copper
(c) Fluorine
(d) Zinc
[2008-II]

33.

What is the term used to denote the critical temperature at

which the air becomes saturated with vapour and below
which the condensation is likely to begin ?
[2009-I]
(a) Condensation point
(b) Evaporation point
(c) Dew point
(d) Point of critical temperature
What is the mass of one litre of cottonseed oil of density
926kg/m3
[2009-I]
(a) 926 kg
(b) 926 kg
(c) 0926 kg
(d) 9260 kg
Which among the following is a chemical change?
[2009-I]
(a) A wet towel dries in the sun
(b) Lemon juice added to tea causing its colour to change
(c) Hot air rises over a radiator
(d) Coffee is brewed by passing steam through ground
coffee
Consider the following equation for the formation of
ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen:
[2009-I]
N2 + 3H2 = 2NH3
How many hydrogen molecules are required to react with
100 molecules of nitrogen?
(a) 100
(b) 200
(c) 300
(d) 400
Which one of the following contains maximum percentage
of nitrogen by mass?
[2009-I]
(a) Urea
(b) Ammonium cyanide
(c) Ammonium carbonate
(d) Ammonium nitrate
According to which one of the following laws it is indicated
that when two or more gases react with one another, their
volumes bear a simple ratio?
[2009-II]
(a) Law of mass action
(b) Law of multiple proportions
(c) Law of reciprocal proportions
(d) Law of combining volumes
Which of the following is the best example of the law of
conservation of mass?
[2009-II]
(a) When 12 gm of carbon is heated in vacuum, there is
no change in mass
(b) Weight of platinum wire is the same before and after
heating
(c) A sample of air increases in volume when heated at
constant pressure but mass remains unchanged
(d) 12 gm of carbon combines with 32 gm of oxygen to
give 44 gm of carbondioxide.
Which one of the following is not a mixture?
[2009-II]
(a) Air
(b) Mercury
(c) Milk
(d) Cement

34.

35.

36.

37.

38.

39.

40.

41.

The number of neutrons in 7Al27 is

(a) 40
(b) 27
(c) 14
(d) 13

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[2010-I]

3
42.

43.

44.

45.

46.

47.

48.
49.

As compared to covalent compounds, electrovalent

compounds, generally have
[2010-II]
(a) low melting point and low boiling point
(b) low melting point and high boiling point
(c) high melting point and low boiling point
(d) high melting point and high boiling point
Calcium carbonate is naturally available as limestone and
can also be synthesized from quick lime. It is seen that the
compositions of the elements in both the natural and
synthetic calcium carbonate are same. The validity of which
one among the following laws is confirmed by this
observation?
[2010-II]
(a) Law of conservation of mass
(b) Law of definite proportion
(c) Law of multiple proportion
(d) Avogadro's law
Which one among the following statements regarding the
properties of mixtures and compounds is not correct?
[2010-II]
(a) A mixture shows the properties of its constituents but
the properties of a compound are entirely different from
its constituents
(b) A mixture may be homogeneous or heterogeneous but
a compound is a homogeneous substance
(c) The constituents of a mixture can be separated
by physical methods but those of a compound cannot
be separated by physical methods
(d) Energy is either absorbed or evolved during the
preparation of a mixture but not in the preparation of a
compound
Protons and neutrons are bound in a nucleus by the
[2011-II]
(a) short range weak interaction
(b) short range strong interaction
(c) long range electromagnetic interaction
(d) long range gravitational interaction
Which one among the following most correctly determines
the atomic number of an element?
[2011-II]
(a) Number of protons
(b) Number of protons and electrons
(c) Number of ions
(d) Number of nucleons
The number of protons in a negatively charged atom (anion)
is
[2011-II]
(a) more than the atomic number of the element
(b) less than the atomic number of the element
(c) more than the number of elecrons in the atom
(d) less than the number of electrons in the atom
Which one among the following is not a mixture? [2011-II]
(a) Graphite
(b) Glass
(c) Brass
(d) Steel
Which one among the following is correct regarding 20Ne,
23Na+, 19F and 24Mg2+?
[2012-I]
(a) They are isomers of each other
(b) They are isotopes of each other
(c) They are isoelectronic with each other
(d) All of the above

50.

51.

52.

53.

54.

55.

56.

Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?

1. Isotopes : Atoms with same atomic number but different
atomic mass
2. Isobars : Atoms with same number of neutrons but
different atomic number
3. Isotones : Atoms with same mass number but different
atomic number
[2012-I]
Select the correct answer using the code given below :
Code :
(a) 1, 2 and 3
(b) 1 only
(c) 1 and 2 only
(d) 2 only
The nucleus of a singly ionized carbon atom contains
[2012-I]
(a) 6 protons and 6 neutrons
(b) 5 protons and 6 neutrons
(c) 6 protons, 6 neutrons and 6 electrons
(d) 12 protons, 6 neutrons and 6 electrons
Which one among the following nitrogen compounds has
the least percentage of nitrogen by mass?
[2012-I]
(a) (NH4)3PO4
(b) NH3
(c) NH4OH
(d) NH4NO3
Which one among the following transitions of electron of
hydrogen atom emits radiation of the shortest wavelength?
[2012-I]
(a) n = 2 to n = 1
(b) n = 3 to n = 2
(c) n = 4 to n = 3
(d) n = 5 to n = 4
Which one among the following is the most appropriate
statement with respect to the atomic weight of an element?
[2012-I]
(a) The atomic weight of an element is the sum total of the
number of protons and neutrons present in the atom of
the element
(b) Unlike mass number, the atomic weight of an element
can be a fraction
(c) The atomic weight of an element is a whole number
(d) The atomic weight of all the atoms in an element is the
same
Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using
the code given below the Lists :
[2012-II]
List I
List II
(Scientist)
(Discovery)
A. Goldstein
1. Atomic theory
B. Chadwick
2. Proton
C. JJ Thomson
3. Neutron
D. John Dalton
4. Electron
Code :
A
B
C
D
(a) 2
3
4
1
(b) 2
4
3
1
(c) 1
4
3
2
(d) 1
3
4
2
Which one among the following equations is correctly
balanced ?
[2012-II]
(a) NaOH + Al + H2O 2H2 + NaA1O2
(b) 2NaOH + 2A1 + 2H2O 3H2 + 2NaA1O2
(c) 2NaOH + 2A1 + 3H2O 4H2 + 2NaA1O2
(d) 2NaOH + 2A1 + H2O H2 + 2NaA102

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4
57.

58.

59.

60.

Which one among the following is the equivalent weight of

sulphuric acid ?
(Atomic weight : H = 1, S = 32, O = 16)
[2012-II]
(a) 98
(b) 60
(c) 100
(d) 49
The phenomenon of radioactivity was discovered by
[2013-I]
(a) Marie Curie
(b) Pierre Curie
(c) Henri Becquerel
(d) J.J. Thomson
Which one among the following is not a chemical change ?
[2013-I]
(a) Curdling of milk
(b) Ripening of fruit
(c) Evaporation of water
(d) Burning of coal

(a) Both A and R are individually true and R is the correct

explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are individually true but R is NOT the
correct explanation of A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d) A is false but R is true
61.

The following questions consist of two statements, one

labelled as the Assertion (A) and the other as 'Reason (R),
You are to examine these two statements carefully and select
the answers to these items using the codes given below:
Assertion (A) : Atomic weights of most of the elements are
not whole numbers.
Reason (R) : Atoms of most of the elements contain mixture
of isotopes having different atomic weights.
[2006-I]

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

(c)
(c)
(c)
(b)
(a)
(c)
(a)
(a)
(c)
(a)

11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20

(b)
(d)
(c)
(d)
(b)
(d)
(c)
(b)
(d)
(d)

21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

This question consist of two statements, Statement I and

Statement II. You are to examine these two statements
carefully and select the answer to these items using the
codes given below.
Statement I : Conversion of blue copper sulphate to black
cupric oxide on heating is a physical change.
Statement II : A change in which chemical composition
does not change is called physical change.
[2012-I]
(a) Both the statements individually true and Statement II
is the correct explanation of Statement I.
(b) Both the statements are individually true but Statement
II is not correct explanation of Statement I.
(c) Statement I is true but Statement II is false.
(d) Statement I is false but Statement II is true.

ANSWER KEY
31 (a)
41
(c)
32 (c)
42
(c)
33 (c)
43
(d)
34 (c)
44
(b)
35 (d)
45
(b)
36 (c)
46
(c)
37 (b)
47
(d)
38 (b)
48
(d)
39 (a)
49
(d)
40 (b)
50
(c)

(c)
(d)
(b)
(d)
(b)
(a)
(d)
(a)
(c)
(b)

51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60

(a)
(a)
(a)
(b)
(a)
(b)
(d)
(c)
(c)
(a)

61

(d)

HINTS & SOLUTIONS

2.

3.

4.

(c) The important oxides of nitrogen are N2O, NO, N2O3,

NO2, N2O4, N2O5.
Oxide of nitrogen having molecular weight 30 is NO (14
+ 16 = 30)
No. of e = Atomic number
\ Number of e in one molecule of NO = 7 + 8 = 15
(c) Though H2 has a lower density and is cheaper but
Helium is preferred in filling of balloons and air ships
since it ia non-inflammable. Thus, on safety grounds
He is used in preference to H2 in airships.
(b) 1l of unknown gas at STP weight = 1.25 g
22.4l of unknown gas weights =
\ The gas is CO.

1.25
22.4 = 28g
1

5.

6.
7.
8.

(a) Carbon and Silicon both is belongs to IVth group and

carbon have maximum valency of 4.
C : 2, 4
Si : 2, 8, 4
But Si have vacant d-orbitals and can be used to
accomodate more electrons. Thus, the maximum
covalency of Si can be 6.
(c) Mercury exists in liquid state hence, it has no melting
point.
(a) Gold is a stable noble metal and resists the action of
the atmosphere and occurs in free state.
(a) Ionic compound :

Valency : n
m
\ The formula of he compound is AmBn

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5
9.

10.

11.

(c) CuSO4.5H2O has ionic, covalent, coordinate and

hydrogen bonds 4H2O molecules are linked to Cu2+
crtion by coordinate bonds whereas fifth H2O molecule
linked by hydrogen bonds.
(a) Relativity of halogens decreases as we move down the
group. i.e. fluorine is most reactive and iodine is least
reactive, since there is successive increase in size,
decrease in electronegativity and decrease in
dissociation energy of X-X bonds.
(b) At NTP the least volume will be occupied by 15 g of
O2.
15
22.4 = 10.5
Volume of O2 =
32

12.
13.
14.

(d) At room temperature (30C), Hg, Ga, Cs metals are

liquids.
(c) Randon (Rn) is not found in the atmosphere.
(d) Nuclear forces between protons and protons between
neutrons and neutrons and between protons and
neutrons are all essentially the same in magnitude.
Thus, we can say that nuclear forces are charge
independent.

15.

(b) Weight of one atom of Hydrogen =

16.

= 1.66 1024g
(d) Iron shows the variable equivalent mass.

17.

(c)

18.

(b)

19.
20.
21.

(d)
(d)
(c)

22.

(c)

23.

(d)

24.

(b)

25.

(b)

Elements A
Valencies 3

B
2

Elements A
Valencies 5

B
2

}
}

6.02 1023

26.
27.

29.

40
Molecular weight of NaOH
=
= 40
1
Acidity of NaOH
(d) The correct statements are
(i) Isotopes have same atomic number.
(ii) Isobers have same mass number.

30.

(c) Density =

33.
34.

35.

compound is A 2 B2

36.

12C
6

used as a standard in the expression of atomic

weights in term of amu.
Octate rule is invalid for BF3
It is a radioactive element.
As (Arsenic) is a metalloid. In this group both As and
Sb are mettalloids.
According to analysis, Atomic mass of Y is twice of
Atomic mass of X but X contain 50% in binary
compound. Therefore the formula of compound will be
XY2.
In a period the electronegativity increases from left to
right. It is due to increase of nuclear charge and
decrease in atomic radius that occurs when we move
from left to right in a period.
A mixture of methanol (a liquid) and water (a liquid) is
homogeneous.
Law of multiple proportions explains the formation of
CO and CO2, in these same weight of carbon that
combines with weights of oxygen are in simple rate of
1 : 2.

Mass
Volume
Q Density of water = 1
\M=V
0.0018 ml = 0.0018 gm

0.0018
= 1 10 4
18
\ no. of molecules = 6.023 1023 104 = 6.023 1019
(c) The critical temperature at which air becomes saturated
with vapour and below which the condensation is likely
to begin is called a dew point.
(c) Given,
Volume of cottonseed oil, 1L = 103 m3
Density of cottonseed oil, d = 926 kg/m3
\ Mass of cottonseed oil, m = v, d
= 103m3 5 926 kg/m3
= 0.926 kg
(d) Chemical change is defined as the change by which
chemical composition of substance gets changed.
Chemical changes are irreversible and permanent hence
option (d) is correct.

No. of moles =

compound is A 2 B5

(c) Nitrogen (z = 7) has the electronic configuration

1s2 2s2 2px1 2py1 2pz1 (i.e. ns2 np3)
(d) Both the molecular weight and equivalent weight for
NaOH is 40.
Molecular weight of NaOH = 23 + 16 + 1 = 40
Equivalent weight of NaOH

(c)

N 2 + 3H 2
1 mol 3 mol

2NH 3
2mol

Q 1 N0 molecules of N2 react with molecules of

H2 = 3 N0
\ 100 molecules of N2 react with molecules of H2

37.

3N0 100
= 300
1N 0

(b) In Urea (NH2CONH2,)

23
100 = 46.6%
60
In ammonium cyanide NH4CN,

% of nitrogen =

28
100 = 63.6%
44
In ammonium carbonate, (NH4)2CO3

% of nitrogen =

28
100 = 29.2%
96
In ammonium nitrate, (NH2)2 NO3,

% of nitrogen =

42
100 = 42.8%
98
Hence, ammonium cyanide contains maximum
percentage of nitrogen by mass.

% of nitrogen =

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6
38.
39.

40.
41.
42.

43.

44.

45.
46.

47.

48.
49.

(b) Law of multiple proportion.

(a) According to the law of conservation of mass In any
chemical reaction mass reactants remains always equal
to the mass of product. i.e. O, mass remain conserve.
(b) Mercury (Hg) is an elements.
(c) Number of neutrons = Mass number atomic number
= 27 13 = 14
(d) Electrovalent compounds have high melting and
boiling points because the force of attraction between
the ions of an electrovalent compound is very strong.
Hence, a large amount of energy is required to break
the bond.
(b) According to law of definite proportion, a chemical
compound is always found to be made up of the same
element combined together in the same fixed proportion
by mass.
(d) The compound is always formed by absorption or
evolution of energy but no energy is released or
absorbed during the formation of mixture.
(b) The force between protons and neutrons in the nucleus
is short range strong interaction.
(a) In chemistry and physics the atomic number is also
called the proton number. It is number of protons found
in the nucleus of an atom and is identical to the charge
number of the nucleus.
(d) In case of a neutral atom
Number of protons = Number of electrons
Anion is formed by gain of electron (s) by a neutral
atom. Thus in case of anion.
Number of electrons > Number of protons
(a) Graphite is an allotrope of carbon. Hence this is an
element not mixture.
(c) Isoelectronic ions are those ions which have same
number of electrons in their respective ions. For eg:N 3 , O 2 , F 1 ,Na +1 , Mg +2 and Al +3 all have
10 electrons each. If two ions have the same number of
electrons, they are referred to as isoelectronic. For

50.

(b)

51.

(a)

52.

(a)

53.

(a)

54.
55.

(b)
(a)

56.

(b)

57.
59.

(d)
(c)

60.

(a)

61.

(d)

instance, neutral copper has 29 electrons, while neutral

nickel has 28. If the copper lost two electrons and the
nickel lost one, you'd have Cu2+ and Ni+, each with 27
electrons. These two ions are isoelectronic.
Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element:
while all isotopes of a given element share the same
number of protons and electrons, each isotope differs
from the others in its number of neutrons. For example,
carbon-12, carbon-13 and carbon-14 are three isotopes
of the element carbon with mass numbers 12, 13 and 14
respectively. The atomic number of carbon is 6, which
means that every carbon atom has 6 protons, so that
the neutron numbers of these isotopes are 6, 7 and 8
respectively.
The charged carbon atom in a carbocation is a "sextet",
i.e. it has only six electrons in its outer valence shell
instead of the eight valence electrons that ensures
maximum stability (octet rule). Therefore carbocations
are often reactive, seeking to fill the octet of valence
electrons as well as regain a neutral charge.
Ammonium phosphate has the least percentage of
nitrogen by mass.
n = 2 to n = 1 Electrons undergoing acceleration emit
radiation in a synchrotron.
The atomic weight of an element can be in fraction.
Goldstein discovered proton, Chadwick- Neutron, JJ
Thomson- Electron and John Dalton- Atomic Theory.
Sodium hydroxide, aluminium and water reacts to form
sodium aluminium oxide and hydrogen gas.
1 + 32 + 16 = 49
Evaporation of water is a physical change as no new
product form during the process.
Element is a mixture of isotopes, the atomic weights are
not whole numbers but fractional integral values.
On heating blue copper sulphate turns to a white
residue which is called anhydrous copper sulphate
because the water of crystallization disappears on
heating.

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