THE STATE AND POLITICS

Definitions
1. Power:
Transformative capacity,
ability to make a difference
2. Institution:
Power systems, an attempt
to control the lives of
individual by the use of
rules
3. Nation-state:
A geographical area with
recognised border and a
government; power
container that has high
concentration of both
allocative and authoritative
resources
Characteristics*
Political apparatus
Have sovereign
rights within borders
of demarcated
territorial area
Able to back its
claims to
sovereignty by
military power
Have citizens with
positive feelings of
commitment to its
natural identity
4. Political apparatus:
Leader or gov supported by
institution
5. Demarcated territorial
area:
Geographical area; country
6. Sovereignty:
Control over the area and
people who live there
7. National identity:
Characteristics displayed
by people
8. Polyarchic:
Have set of legal rules
which provide individual
with civil and political
rights
9. Dialectic control:

People have openings that

can be used to influence
the activities
Political economy: political,
economic and legal systems of a
country
1. Political system: system of
gov in a nation-state
Collectivism =
socialism: primacy of
collective over
individual goals
Communism:
Violent
revolution and
totalitarian
leadership
Social
democrats:
Democracy
Individualism:
freedom of
individuals in their
pursuits
Democracy: gov is
by the people
Representativ
e democracy
Totalitarianism: one
person or political
party exercises
absolute control
Communist,
theocratic,
tribal, right
wing (allow
some, restrict
others)
2. Legal: rules that regulate
behavior
Three type
Common:
tradition,
custom
Civic: codes
Theocratic:
religious
teaching
Contract: document
that specifies

conditions and
details rights and obl
of parties involved
Contract law:
body of law
that govern
contract
enforcement
Property right: legal
rights over the use
to which a resource
is put.
Foreign
corrupt
practises act
Intellectual property:
product of
intellectual activity
Protect
o Patent
(exclusi
ve
rights
to use
etc.)
o Copyrig
ht
(exclusi
ve legal
right of
author)
o Tradmar
k
(design
and
name
to
differen
tiate)
3. Economic systems
Market: productive
activities determined
by the interaction of
supply and demand
Command: gov plans
the goods and
services that a
country produces;
quantity and prices

Mixed: private and

state ownership
Ways to measure:
Gross national
income GNI
Purchasing
power parity
(ppp)
Political globalization
1. Change for the state under
globalization
Single type of
political unit
Uniformity exhibited
Emergence of
intergovernmental
organization (IGOs)
Democratic
revolution
Market-based model

2. Neglected factors
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS

Main schools of IR theory

1. Isolationism: national
sovereignty trumps
international relations
Oppose interntional
laws
Oppose liberal
immigration
Oppose American
imperialism
2. Liberalism
Encourage us
participation in un
Political solutions
over military
Us economic must
help lift up the
worlds poor
Support international
law, alliances
3. Neo-conservatism
Support American
unilateral action
Support military to
remove perceived
security threats

Us should be worlds
unchallenged
superpower
4. Realism: guided by
practical considerations
than ideology
Strong alliance is
important
Weigh political costs
of foreign action
Russia-ukraine conflict
1. Causes

NATIONAL SECURITY

Globalization threats
1. Proliferation of weapons
2. Cyber attacks
3. Ethnic violence
4. Global crime
5. Drug trafficking
6. Environmental degradation
7. Spread of infectious
diseases

Iran nuclear deal

1. Causes: broke paris
agreement.

GLOBAL GOVERNANCE: processes of

interaction and decision making
among the actors involved in a
collective problem that create to
creation of social norms and
institutions

United Nations: designed to

enforce international law,
security, human rights, economic
and social progress for countries
around the world
o Purposes:
Maintain peace
Develop int relations
Solve int problems
IMF: maintain order in the
international monetary system
o Roles:
Fixed exchange rates
for stopping
devaluation and

stabilize trade
environment
Limit price inflation
Lend foreign
currencies
World Bank: promote general
economic development;
international bank for
reconstruction and development
(IBRD)
o Roles:
Raised money thru
bonds for lending
WTO: organization that
encompassed GATT and other 2:
GATS and TRIPS
o Roles:
Facilitate future
trade deals
Policing and
enforcement
mechanism
o Benefits:
Promote peace
Handle disputes
Rules that make life
easier
Freer trade
More choice of
products
Raise incomes
Stimulates economic
growth
Efficient basic
principles gov are
shielded from
lobbying
Encourage good gov
India
o Environmental issues
Air pollution:
biomass, vehicle.
Water
Land and soil
o Solutions
Public interest
litigation
Envi edu
Sewage treatment
policies

Biomass energy
Global scale:
Unep united nations
envi programme
Unea
Meas multilateral
envi aggreements
Ciel center for int
envi law

THE FIRM AS A POLITICAL ACTOR

Why firm is a political actor?

o
State, market, firm interact, how?
Facets of corporate social
responsibility
o Economic: be profitable,
max sales, min costs
o Legal: obey law
o Ethical: right fair just
o Discretionary: be good
Problems ogoni and Nigerian
delta conflict
o Security
o Poverty
o Economic implications
o environmental
Corporate citizenship
o Responsibility: emphasoze
obligation and
accountability
o Responsiveness:
emphasize action, activity
o Performance: outcomes,
results

ANTI GLOBALIZATION

Factors leading to anti-neoliberal

globalization
o Reduce political influence
of corp
o Stop privatization
o Reduce debt in developing
world
o Fair trade not free trade
o Demand state action on
social issues
Policies and outcomes of
Venezuela economic exp
o Bolivarianism

Tenets:
popular
democracy
(participate in
dec making
thru
referendums
economic
independence
distribution of
wealth
end corruption
policies:
nationalized
many
industries
free
healthcare
mission
habitat,
provide
housing
mission
mercal,
provide ffod
Mission
robinson,
provide
education
outcomes:
growth
corruption and
nepotism
mismangment
of resources
embezzlement
high rate of
inflation
isolationist
fiscal and
foreign
policies
rationing

What is social movement?

o Protest: act of challenging
and making demands upon
authorities

Social movement:
collective, organized
version of protest
o Revolutionary movement:
social movement to
overthrow government
How MST in brazil an example
o
What happened in Seattle?
who,why?
o

o
o
o

What
o
o

What happened: people

trying to stop WTO
Who:
Why: belief that WTO
promotes interests of corp
not people
is wsf and demands
Wsf: global stage of mst
Demands: