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ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF TURBO

GENERATOR DECK FOUNDATION


Submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of
the degree of Master of Technology in Structural Engineering
PROJECT REPORT Phase I
Submitted By
MADHU PRIYA M
(Reg.No:61142520011)
Under the Guidance of
V.SANTHOSHRAJA., M.Tech
Assistant professor

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY


DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
PRIST UNIVERSITY
THANJAVUR - 613 403.
NOV - 2016

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY


DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
PRIST UNIVERSITY
THANJAVUR - 613 403.

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the report titled STRENGTHENING OF R.C.COLUMN
BY RETROFITING USING FERROCEMENT "is

work

done

by

bonafide

SARANYA R,(Reg No : 61142520011)

record

of

in partial

fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of


Technology in Structural Engineering of PRIST University, Thanjavur.

Guide
Mr.V.SANTHOSHRAJA.,M.Tech
Assistant professor,
PRIST UNIVERSITY,
Thanjavur.

Head of the Department


Mr.B.JOSE RAVINDRARAJ.M.E.,
Head of department,
PRIST UNIVERSITY,
Thanjavur.

Submitted for the University examination held on 14.11.15

External Examiner

Internal Examiner

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my whole hearted thanks to Prof.P.MURUGESAN , Honorable Chancellor
of PRIST UNIVERSITY for giving me an opportunity to initiate and preparation of this
project report.
I express my sincere thanks to Dr. N.ETHIRAJLU, Vice Chancellor of PRIST
UNIVERSITY for his generous help and for the successful completion of this project.
I express my sincere thanks to Prof. G.KANNAN,M.Tech,(Ph.D) Dean of PRIST
UNIVERSITY for incessant encouragement for completing of this project report.
I express my sincere thanks to Mr. B.JOSE RAVINDARA RAJ M.E, HOD of Civil
Engineering Department of PRIST UNIVERSITY, for giving constant inspiration for
completing project.
I express irrevocably indebted to my guide Mr. V.SANTHOSHRAJA, M.Tech., for
providing invaluable guidance, accelerating discussions, constructive criticisms and
continued encouragement from the very initial stage to the completion of this project .
I also thank all other faculty and staff member of the department of Civil Engineering
PRIST UNIVERSITY, and to my friends for their kind cooperation and help, which
made the project a successful one.
Last but not least; I thank our beloved PARENTS and all our FACULTIES and
FRIENDS for their timely help and valuable suggestions.

ABSTRACT
Reinforced concrete structural components are found to exhibit distress, even
before their service period is over due to several causes. Such unserviceable structures
require immediate attention, enquiry into the cause of distress and suitable remedial
measures, so as to bring the structures back to their functional use again. This
strengthening and enhancement of the performance of such deficient structural elements
in a structure or a structure as a whole is referred to as retrofitting. The all important
issues to be addressed in retrofitting is life safety. Some retrofit requirements may try to
address only the issue of life safety, while acknowledging that some structural damage
may occur. Ferrocement as a retrofitting material can be pretty useful because it can be
applied quickly to the surface of the damaged element without the requirement of any
special bonding material and also it requires less skilled labour, as compared to other
retrofitting solutions presently existing. The ferrocement construction has an edge over
the conventional reinforced concrete material because of its lighter weight, ease of
construction, low self weight, thinner section as compared to RCC & a high tensile
strength which makes it a favourable material for prefabrication also. In the present thesis
shear deficient RC beams initially stressed to a prefixed percentage of the safe load are
retrofitted using ferrocement to increase the strength of beam in both shear and flexure,
the wiremesh is placed at an angle of 45to the longitudinal axis of the beam.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER

TITLE

PAGE

ABSTRACT

iii

LIST OF TABLES

Vii

LIST OF FIGURES

Viii

LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

ix

INTRODUTION

1.1

GENERAL

1.2

FERROCEMENT

1.3

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

1.4

DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR

FERROCEMENT

1.5

ADVANTAGES OF FERROCEMENT

1.6

DISADVANTAGES OF FERROCEMENT

1.7

IMPORTANCE OF RETROFITTING

1.8

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVE

1.9

OBJECTIVE

1.10

SCOPE

10

1.11

APPLICATIONS

10

LITERATURE REVIEW

12

2.1

GENERAL

12

2.2

REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

13

2.2.1Strengthening of Beams

14

2.2.2Prediction of Lower Bound Line Equation

15

2.2.3Strengthening Behaviour of Retrofitted

16

Beams

CHAPTER

2.3

TITLE

PAGE

2.2.4

Theoretical Expression for Shear Strength

16

2.2.5

Behaviour of Hollow Box Beams

17

2.2.6

Stressing at Different Loads

19

2.2.7

GFRP and Ferrocement Retrofitted Beams

19

2.2.8

Composite Action on Beams

20

2.2.9

Effect of Cyclic and Static Loading

21

2.2.10

Effect of Ferrocement Jackets

21

2.2.11

Effect of Increasing the Steel Ratio

22

SUMMERY OF LITERATURE

22

METHODOLOGY

23

3.1

GENERAL

23

3.2

MATERIAL TESTING

24

3.2.1

General

24

3.2.2

Test for Cement

24

3.2.3

Test for Fine Aggregate

26

3.2.4

Test for Coarse Aggregate

29

3.3

CONCLUSION

32

3.3.1

Summary of Phase I

32

3.3.2

Future Plan

33

3.3.3

Work Progress

33

LIST OF TABLES
TABLE

TITLE

PAGE

3.1

Standard Consistency of Cement

24

3.2

Initial Setting Time of Cement

25

3.3

Final Setting Time of Cement

25

3.4

Specific Gravity of Cement

25

3.5

Compressive Strength of Mortar Cube

26

3.6

Sieve Analysis of Fine Aggregate

27

3.7

Water Absorption of Fine Aggregate

27

3.8

Specific Gravity of Fine Aggregate

28

3.9

Water Absorption of Coarse Aggregate

29

3.10

Impact of Coarse Aggregate

30

3.11

Specific Gravity of Coarse Aggregate

30

3.12

Sieve Analysis for Coarse Aggregate

31

3.13

Result Comparison

32

LIST OF FIGURES
TABLE

TITLE

PAGE

1.1

Woven Mesh

1.2

Perforated Sheet

1.3

Chicken Wire Mesh

1.4

Expanded Metal

1.5

Welded Wire Mesh

3.1

Methodology

23

LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABREVIATIONS

Percentage

RCC

Reinforced Cement Concrete

fc'

Strength of mortar

Vcr

Cracking Shear Force

Vf

Volume fraction of Reinforcement

ft

Mortar Tensile Strength

Weight

W/C

Water Cement Ratio

FA

Fine Aggregate

CA

Coarse Aggregate

a/h

Shear span to depth ratio

Diameter

Span Length

Leff

Effective Length

Depth

Thickness

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