1/17/2014

ShareofGrossPrimaryEnergy
SupplybySource SriLanka

SupplyofWood

BiomassPower

BiomassSources

BiomassPowerGeneration

BiomassPower
Biomass is one of the major world fuel sources, especially in the third

Biomassresourcesincludeagriculturalresidues;

world, where it provides 40% of the energy requirements.

Biomassintegratedgasificationingasturbineplants
Biomasscombustionisacarbonfreeprocessbecausetheresulting
Bi

b ti i b
f
b
th
lti

CO2waspreviouslycapturedbytheplantsbeingcombusted.

(BIG/GT)isnotyetcommercial,butintegratedgasification
(BIG/GT)i
t t
i l b ti t
t d
ifi ti
combinedcycles(IGCC)usingblackliquor(abyproductfrom
thepulp&paperindustry)arealreadyinuse.

Atpresent,biomasscofiringinmoderncoalpowerplantswith

efficienciesupto45%isthemostcosteffectivebiomassuseforpower
generation.
Duetofeedstockavailabilityissues,dedicatedbiomassplantsfor

combinedheat&power(CHP),aretypicallyofsmallersizeandlower
electricalefficiencycomparedtocoalplants(30%34%usingdrybiomass,
andaround22%formunicipalsolidwaste).

Anaerobicdigestiontoproducebiogasisexpandingin

small,offgridapplications.Biorefineriesmayopenthe
,
g
pp
y p
doortocombined,costeffectiveproductionofbiochemicals,
electricityandbiofuels.

animalmanure;woodwastesfromforestryand
industry;residuesfromfoodandpaper
industries;municipalgreenwastes;sewage
sludge;dedicatedenergycropssuchasGliricidia.

Organicwastesandresidueshavebeenthemajor

biomasssourcessofar,butenergycropsare
gainingimportanceandmarketshare.Withre
planting,biomasscombustionisacarbonneutral
processastheCO2emittedhaspreviouslybeen
absorbedbytheplantsfromtheatmosphere.
Residues,wastes,bagasse areprimarilyusedfor
heat&powergeneration.

Sugar,starchandoilcropsareprimarilyusedfor

fuelproduction.

1/17/2014

CarbonNeutralBiomass

BioEnergyOptions

EnergyContentinFuels
GJpertonne

Biogas
LPG
Petrol(Gasoline)
Diesel/LightFueloil
HeavyFuelOil

BioDiesel
BiomassCombustion

NaturalGas
SteamCoal
Straw
Woodchips
HouseholdWaste

BiomassGasification

46
43.8
42.7
40.4
39.3per1000
Nm3
24.5
14.5
14.7
10

BiomassConversionPaths

CO2 EmissionfromFuel
kgCO2per
kgfuel
Petrol(Gasoline)

3.2

Diesel/LightFueloil

3.16

HeavyFuelOil

3.15

NaturalGas(methane)
Coal

BioFuels
Ethanol

Corn ethanol (USA)

USA Production cost = 1.09
$/gallon

Sugarcane ethanol (Brazil)

Brazil
Brazil Production cost = 0.87
$/gallon

2.74

Energy Balance -> 1 unit fossil fuel

energy produces 1.3 units of energy
from ethanol

Energy Balance -> 1 unit fossil fuel

energy produces 8 units of energy
from ethanol

2.33

Greenhouse gases -> 22% less than

gasoline (lbs/gallon)

Renewable En

Technology Course

Greenhouse gases -> 56% less

than gasoline (lbs/gallon)

63

1/17/2014

Gasification
Theproductionofgeneratorgas(producergas)called

gasification,ispartialcombustionofsolidfuel
(biomass)andtakesplaceattemperaturesofabout
10000C.Thereactoriscalledagasifier.
ModesofPowerGeneration
UsesaDieselenginegenset.About5075%dieselcouldbe
replaced.
UsesaProducerGasenginegenset.

Need1.3kgs ofwood/2kgs ofricehusktogenerate1unit

ofelectricity.

Pelletizedbiomass

Pelletizedbiomass

introduction:Pelletizedbiomass
Pelletization :Convertsordinarybiomassintomore

p
efficientfuelpallets

y
Pelletization :Processthatconvertsordinarybiomassinto
moreefficientfuelpallets
Lowmoisture&Highenergydensity
Cylindricalshape(68mm[d]&1.52cm[l])
Wood,Straw,Grass,leaves,waste,etccanbeused
About25typesofbiomassisusedworldwide
Source:www.palletmakers.com

Source:www.palletmakers.com

1/17/2014

TypicalCalorificValues

EfficientStoves

EfficientOvens

Biogas
AmixtureofMethane&Carbondioxide
Calorificvalue21.5MJ/kg(60%Methane)
1m3 ofbiogasisequivalentto0.5litersofdiesel(

approximately)

MunicipalSolidWaste(MSW)
1.

FullyMixedup

2. HighOrganic

Content
3. Smelly/Rotten

From1000Tonsoforganicwaste36000m3ofBiogas

canbeproduced.

1/17/2014

Muthurajawela BiogasPlant

NERDC

16digesters
Produce240m3ofBiogasaday.
f
Uses8MToforganicwaste

CommerciallyAvailable
HomeBiogasUnit