VOCABULARY PROFILE OF GRADED READERS USED IN

THE FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE, SATYA

WACANA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY

THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana Pendidikan

Pawinda Tiffany Putri

112012126

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION PROGRAM

FACULTY OF LANGUAGE & LITERATURE
SATYA WACANA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
SALATIGA
2016

VOCABULARY PROFILE OF GRADED READERS USED IN

THE FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE, SATYA
WACANA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana Pendidikan

Pawinda Tiffany Putri

112012126

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION PROGRAM

FACULTY OF LANGUAGE & LITERATURE
SATYA WACANA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
SALATIGA
2016

VOCABULARY PROFILE OF GRADED READERS USED IN

THE FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE, SATYA
WACANA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY

THESIS
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree of
Sarjana Pendidikan

Pawinda Tiffany Putri

112012126

Approved by:

Supervisor

Examiner

Prof. Dr. Gusti Astika, M. A.

Anne Indrayanti Timotius, M. Ed.

ii

COPYRIGHT STATEMENT

This thesis contains no such material as has been submitted for examination in
any course or accepted for the fulfillment of any degree or diploma in any
university. To the best of my knowledge and my belief, this contains no material
previously published or written by any other person except where due reference is
made in the text.

Copyright@ 2016. Pawinda Tiffany P. and Prof. Dr. Gusti Astika, M. A.

All rights reserved. No part of this thesis may be reproduced by any means
without the permission of at least one of the copyright owners or the Faculty of
Language and Literature, Satya Wacana Christian University, Salatiga.

Pawinda Tiffany Putri

iii

PUBLICATION AGREEMENT DECLARATION

As a member of the (SWCU) Satya Wacana Christian University academic
community, I verify that:
Name
: Pawinda Tiffany Putri
Student ID Number : 112012126
Study Program
: English Language Education Program
Faculty
: Faculty of Language and Literature
Kind of Work
: Undergraduate Thesis
In developing my knowledge, I agree to provide SWCU with a non-exclusive
royalty free right for my intellectual property and the contents therein entitled:
VOCABULARY PROFILE OF GRADED READERS USED IN THE
FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE, SATYA WACANA
CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
along with any pertinent equipment.
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name is still included as the writer.
This declaration is made according to the best of my knowledge.
Made in
: Salatiga
Date
:
Verified by signee,

Pawinda Tiffany Putri

Approved by

Thesis Supervisor

Thesis Examiner

Prof. Dr. Gusti Astika, M. A.

Anne Indrayanti Timotius, M. Ed.

iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Table of Contents
Cover Page
Inside Cover Page

Approval Page........................................................................................... ii
Copyright Statement................................................................................. iii
Publication Agreement Declaration.......................................................... iv
Table of Contents........................................................................................ v
Abstract....................................................................................................... 1
Introduction................................................................................................ 1
Literature Review...................................................................................... 4
Learning Vocabulary through Reading.............................................. 4
Teaching Vocabulary through Reading...................... 6
Vocabulary Profiler..................... 8
The Previous Study............. 10
The Study.................................................................................................... 12
Method of Research................................................................................ 12
Sample.................................................................................................... 13
Research Instrument..................................................................

14

Data Collection....................................................................................... 14
Data Analysis......................................................................................... 15
Findings and Discussions........................................................................... 16
Overall Vocabulary Profile of Graded Readers......................... 16
Negative Vocabulary Profiles of the Graded Readers............................ 18
The Block Frequency Output of Off-List words. 22
The Comparison of Vocabulary Frequency
across Level of Graded Readers

23

The Text Comparison of Graded Readers, level 2 and 6... 24

Conclusion.................................................................................................. 26
References.

28

Acknowledgements.................................................................................... 31
Appendices.............................................................................................. 32
v

Appendix A............................................................................................. 32
Appendix B..... 34
Appendix C..... 40
Appendix D..................... 45
Appendix E. 66

vi

VOCABULARY PROFILE OF GRADED READERS USED IN THE

FACULTY OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE, SATYA WACANA
CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY

Pawinda Tiffany Putri

ABSTRACT
Vocabulary has become an important key to learn English as a
foreign language. There are many learners who find it as the
biggest problem they should overcome. Therefore, this study tried
to describe the vocabulary profile of the graded readers used in the
Faculty of Language and Literature, Satya Wacana Christian
University. The sample used for this study was the selected texts
from graded readers, level 1-6. The texts were selected using
stratified and systematic sampling technique as much as 50% from
every level of graded readers. Then, the texts were copied into the
vocabulary profiler provided in a website, lextutor.ca. The result
shows that the word coverage of overall sampled graded readers
were 88.50% for K-1, 6.52% for K-2, 1.73% for AWL and 3.25%
for Off-List word. The second major finding based on New General
Service List (NGSL) shows that there were some words which
were not found in the sample texts; 13.49% for K-1, 49.59% for K2, and 66.96% for AWL. In addition, this study also compares the
two levels of graded readers, level 2 and 6. The result shows that
there were some shared words as much as 67.75% and unshared
words (unique) as much as 32.43%.

Keywords: Vocabulary, Vocabulary Profile, Graded Readers

INTRODUCTION
The way to learn vocabulary is not always from reading academic books.
It can also be done through different ways such as reading stories or watching

movies. According to Nation (2001, p.17) different genres of reading materials

have different frequency profiles. The vocabulary used in the academic books and
story books have different levels of difficulties. In the Faculty of Language and
Literature (FLL) of Satya Wacana Christian University (SWCU), both in English
Language Education Program and English Literature Program, there is a course
named Extensive Reading which requires the students to read a minimum of 1000
pages in order to pass the course. Nation (2001, p.144) found that the learners will
be able to increase their comprehension ability in reading text after passing a
certain boundary described as vocabulary thresholds. The criteria for the
thresholds was that the learners have to acquire 95% of vocabulary from the
reading passage in order to understand the text. According to that statement,
vocabulary certainly is important in reading. As mentioned above, by reading
around that 1000 pages, learners vocabulary are expected to increase.
The books used in the Extensive Reading course are graded readers which
are Penguin Readers and Cambridge English Readers. The books which can be
found in the SWCU library are published by Pearson Education Limited and
Cambridge University Press. According to Kurniawati (2015), a lecturer of
Extensive Reading course, in her syllabus design, the course aims to increase
learners interests toward reading in English. The Extensive Reading course is in
the beginning of the semester. If the academic books are used in the first semester,
the learners will find English as a difficult subject. Therefore, graded readers are
used. Based on this reason, profiling the vocabulary used in the graded readers is
important, because those books have different levels, from level 1 up to 6. This
2

means that the books have different levels of vocabulary difficulties. It is

important to profile the graded readers used in this department because by
providing an appropriate assistance for the new students will help them to acquire
important vocabulary knowledge during the course.
Based on the explanation above, the research questions for this study were:
1. What is the vocabulary profile of graded readers used in the Faculty of
Language and Literature, Satya Wacana Christian University?
2. What is the proportions of vocabulary that is not covered in the graded
readers?
3. What is the token (word) recycling index of the graded readers?
Then, the objective of this study were to identify the vocabulary profile of
the graded readers used in English Language Education Program at the Faculty of
Language and Literature, Satya Wacana Christian University. Besides, this study
also aimed to produce lists of vocabulary that were not covered in the graded
readers and the last was to produce the token (word) recycling index of the graded
readers.
By doing this research, I hoped that the learners would have information to
improve their vocabulary they have learned through reading graded readers.
Moreover, through these books, the learners can learn vocabulary from the
beginner level to the advanced level and measure their own vocabulary
knowledge. I also hoped that the result of this study could help the teacher to

teach the learners about reading comprehension by knowing which words should
be taught first. The more vocabulary known by the students the easier they will
understand the reading passages. In that way, teachers will not spend too much
time to teach all the vocabulary in the text, they can focus on what learners need.
LITERATURE REVIEW
A.

Learning Vocabulary through Reading

In learning English as a foreign language, vocabulary is the biggest

problem that learners should face. According to McCharty (1992), cited in Asgari
and Mustapha (2011), without words to express meaning, communication in L2
will be impossible to happen in any meaningful way. That means vocabulary is
everything in language learning. There are many ways to learn vocabulary,
especially when the learners should learn it within the context or discourse. The
learning vocabulary can be done through reading, conversation, movies,
television, radio, etc (Nation, 2001). It is widely known that reading is one of the
effective methods to acquire new vocabulary for the L2 learners. Though another
method can be used to support learning vocabulary such as listening, imitating,
etc., reading is still assumed as the best way.
Carver (2000, 2003, as cited in Grabe, 2009) claimed that vocabulary
knowledge and reading comprehension has almost a perfect correlation. To
support that statement, Pike (1979), cited in Grabe (2009), reported the
correlations of vocabulary and the reading on TOEFL test is r= .88 to r= .94. It
means that reading and vocabulary are things which cannot be separated. Fisher
4

and Frey (2014) stated that vocabulary lies at the heart of content learning, as it
serves as a proxy for learners understanding of concepts. In reading activities,
when the learners cannot understand the meaning of the words, they might not
understand the content of the book and get nothing from it. In many cases learners
experience difficulties in understanding the meaning of a text because it contains
numbers of unknown words. They usually skip reading the sentence or the
paragraph (Noor & Amir, 2009) and do not try to know the words. As a result, the
learners may leave the words to be unknown and they may not increase their
vocabulary knowledge. That is why vocabulary becomes an important key in
learning the target language.
Learning vocabulary through reading has various types of learning
activities depending on the learners need. There are two types of reading
activities, intensive reading and extensive reading. According to Nation (2008, p.
59) in intensive reading learners are engaged with the details of the text which
have two goals: understanding the text and language features. This activity could
help the learners develop strategies to deal with the unknown words in the reading
text. Nation (2008, p. 59) found that the reading passages such as newspaper,
journal articles, reading passages in the text book and so on used in intensive
reading are short, around 300-500 words long. On the other hand, Nation (2008, p.
70) stated that extensive reading involves the reading activity which focuses on
the meaning of the text rather than on its language feature. Examples of extensive
reading text commonly used are graded readers, novels, and other non-fiction
books.
5

In conclusion, learners can acquire vocabulary knowledge through reading

abundantly. According to Webb and Chang (2015), the more texts that are read by
the learners, the more opportunities to meet the repeated words. In this study, the
focus is on extensive reading activity through graded readers. If two or more
graded readers are read in a week, it is expected that the learners vocabulary
knowledge will increase incidentally by reading the same words in a short period
of time. Webb and Chang (2015) stated that the purpose of reading graded readers
is to develop high frequency words, not to develop vocabulary for a certain topic
or genre for example like vocabulary used in biology. Thus, the leaners will find
their vocabulary knowledge they get through graded readers is useful despite of
the reading materials used later on.
B.

Teaching Vocabulary through Reading

The reading activities in intensive and extensive reading have their own

goals for the learners. That is why knowing L2 learners needs become an
important factor in teaching vocabulary later on. The teacher should know how
much the learners are familiar with the words in order to understand the text.
Nation (2001) proposed that the minimum percentage of the text coverage which
can make the vocabulary learning to occur is 95% (p. 148). This percentage of the
word frequency is expected not to burden the learners. When the reading text has
80% or below the 95% of the text coverage, the text is quite difficult for the
learners to understand. This amount of percentage is also intended for the nonfiction books or other reading passages for general or academic purposes. Based

on Hu and Nation (2000), cited in Schmitt, Jiang and Grabe (2011), it takes 98%99% coverage of reading for pleasure.
However, language teachers usually tend to teach their students the
vocabulary which they think students will encounter. Very often, the teachers do
not have enough time to teach all the vocabulary their students may need
(Alhaysony, 2012). This is the case which usually happens in the traditional
classroom learning activity. The teacher will directly translate difficult words into
the learners mother tongue (L1). Some people believe this is an easy way, but
then actually it takes so much time and the probability of students dependence
toward the teacher may increase. Schmitt (2000), cited in Alhaysony (2012),
states that there is individual differences between the learners, therefore, it will be
quite difficult in deciding what vocabulary students should learn.
Based on the explanation above, there are some effective ways that the
teacher can do to overcome this problem. One of them is extensive reading. Eskey
(2005), cited in Li and Zhang (2009), argues that when the learners found at least
just one unknown word in every twenty words, they will not feel frustrated and
will continue to read. Thus, the teacher should provide appropriate text materials
to meet the learner needs on learning new vocabulary in order to achieve the
expected goal. The goals are developing learners fluency in reading, reading
comprehension, and reading for pleasure (Nation, 2008). For instance, graded
readers which are included in fiction book can be used for extensive reading
learning activities. The teacher can give the reading materials which are somewhat
challenging but not exceeding the learners lexical competence too much (Li &
7

Zhang, 2009). By using graded readers as the reading materials, the learners can
start reading from the level in which they are able to handle then go to the higher
one. Yet, the teachers have to facilitate the students in learning vocabulary. For
example, they can teach the students how to use some strategies in learning new
words, like using dictionaries, guessing words, taking notes or even social
strategy. Based on Alhaysony (2012), teachers are often in the position of the one
who knows everything and can answer the students question. Therefore, when the
students ask about the unknown words to the teacher, they can answer question
using the L1 translation, synonym, definition, or using the new word in a sentence
(Alhaysony, 2012). Through those strategies, it will help the students to
understand the new vocabulary easily. Besides, the teachers can guide their
students to learn the words they may need more like high frequency words. As a
result, the students vocabulary learning activity through reading can be done
smoothly.
C.

Vocabulary Profiler
When learning and teaching vocabulary are related to reading activity,

vocabulary profile has become an important issue. The issue about vocabulary
profile has been discussed frequently by researchers, so it is not a new thing
anymore. Graves (2015) stated that vocabulary profile is an aggregation of word
frequencies. Meanwhile, vocabulary profile or text coverage is the total number of
words used in the text, minus the amount of unused words (negative words) and it
is converted into a percentage (Laufer & Ravenhorst-Kalovski, 2010). If the
reading activity occurs, many kinds of reading materials might be used such as
8

newspapers, graded readers, textbooks, etc. The important point is that every
genre of reading materials has different kind of vocabulary style and difficulty.
Thus, profiling them is important and useful to differentiate the reading materials
considering the learners needs and reading goal. In this study, my objective was
to identify the vocabulary used in graded readers. Nation (2008, p.71) reported
that graded readers cover around 300-500 words for the beginner level, and 20002500 for the advanced level. Thus, this study aimed to find the percentage of the
text coverage of graded readers, because the books have different levels, level 1
up to 6.
To reach the objective which has been set, the texts in the graded readers
were analyzed using lexical profiler available at Tom Cobbs website
(http://lextutor.ca) (Laufer & Ravenhorst-Kalovski, 2010). The texts were copied
into the vocabulary profiler to produce the analysis. Based on Nation (2001, p. 1112) there are four levels of vocabulary in a text: the first group is high-frequency
words which are included in A General Services List of English Words. It contains
around 2,000 word families. The 2,000 words are divided into the first most 1,000
words frequently used (K-1) and the second most 1,000 words frequently used (K2). The example of K-1 words are across, after, again, and, but, etc. Meanwhile,
the example K-2 words are afternoon, quickly, suddenly, tomorrow, etc. (taken
from graded reader, Twenty Thousand Leagues Under The Sea chapter 2 by Jules
Verne). The second group is the academic words list (AWL). This small list of
words is very important for anyone using English for academic purposes. The
example of AWL are accurate, analysis, chapter, communicating, consists, etc.
9

(taken from the eight grader Junior High School textbook, When English Rings A
Bell chapter X). The third group is technical words, the words which are used in a
certain topic or certain areas. For instance the words used in biology, such as
evolution, enzymes, cancer, meiosis, etc. Then, the fourth group is low-frequency
words (off-list words), all the words which are not included in the high-frequency
words, academic words and technical words. For example, bathroom, benches,
naughty, etc. (taken from the eight grader textbook, When English Rings A Bell).
D.

The Previous Study

Similar studies such as this one have been done by the researchers. First, is

on graded readers of Oxford Bookworms Level 1, White Death, has 6, 869

running words in the book. The 6,035 tokens make 87.86% coverage of the text.
Meanwhile the occurences of proper nouns are 6.39%, therefore the proportion is
close to 95% coverage. Then guessing from context technique can be used if some
difficult words appear (Wan-a-rom, 2008).
Table 1 below was a research done by Nation in 2001. Nation (2001, p.
152) did a research on the frequency of vocabulary on graded readers, Indonesian
Love Story written by Mesiter and Nation (1981), and other book titles.
The result shows that from the most frequent 2000 words of English plus
names, the percentage calculated for Indonesian Love Story was 99%. In The
Three Little Pigs in the Ladybird series (Elley and Mangubhai, 1981: 26) cited in
Nation (2001, p. 153) the percentage found was 96.7%, and in the Dry Days for
Climbing George written by Margaret Mahy (1988) was 93.6%. The results are

10

quite good, because it does not go far beyond the percentage of coverage
predicted. The learners will be able to read and understand the books content.
Table 1. The percentage coverage
Books title

1st 1,000

2nd 1,000

Names

Remaining
words

Dry

Days

for

76.8%

Climbing George
The Three Little Pigs

Indonesian

Love

78.1%

82.7%

11.7%

5.1%

6.4% (100%)

(88.5%)

(93.6%)

11.1%

7.5%

(89.2%)

(96.7%)

8.4% (91.1%)

7.9% (99%)

3.3% (100%)

1.0% (100%)

Story
In addition, Jusuf (2014) did a research in Satya Wacana Junior High
School, Salatiga about the texbook they used. In the table below, she reported the
result of vocabulary coverage analysis from 50% of the reading texts only which
are taken from English textbook, English on Sky for grade 7.
Table 2. The percentage coverage of English on Sky for grade 7, chapter 1-7

Chapter

K2 words (1001-

AWL (Academic

2000)

Word List)

K1 words (1-1000)

68.91%

7.00%

0.10%

83.91%

5.59%

0.19%

79.53%

4.57%

3.55%

80.21%

12.53%

0.95%

83.81%

5.17%

0.56%

11

Jusuf (2014), found that in every chapter of English on Sky textbook for
grade 7, there are different topics discussed which influence the vocabulary used.
Thus, she suggested that the teacher should have reference lists of words whether
a particular word needs attention or not.
In SWCU there were some studies which have been done by researchers
on vocabulary profile. They used different kinds of data, like junior high school
textbook, IC textbook, etc. However, the analysis of vocabulary profile of graded
readers have not been done. Thus, I decided to analyze the graded readerss
vocabulary coverage.
THE STUDY
Method of Research
This study used a descriptive method in analyzing the data. According to
Aggarwal (2008) cited in Salaria (2012), descriptive research is intended to collect
the information which is revealing conditions or situation for the purpose of
description and interpretation. Sometimes it used visual aids such graphs, charts
or tables to help the reader in understanding the data. This type of research was
not simply collecting and tabulating facts, but it included proper analyses,
interpretation, comparisons, identifications, etc. According to the statements, this
study described the vocabulary profile used in the graded readers. The graded
readers are used in the Faculty of Language and Literature, Satya Wacana
Christian University. This context was chosen because both of English Language
Education Program and English Literature Program use graded readers as their
12

reading materials in a course named Extensive Reading. Then, the description of

this study covered the analysis of vocabulary words which separated into high
frequency words and low frequency words used in the first level of graded readers
up to the sixth.
Sample
As the students in the Faculty of Language and Literature used graded
readers in their first semester, then it became the samples in this study.
Table 3. The list of graded readers title used as the sample for the analysis
Total pages
Total
Title

Level

excluding the
Chapters
pictures

Twenty Thousand Leagues

1

14

Under The Sea

Compilation
Five Famous Fairy Tales

30
of stories

The Lahti File

14

56

The Amsterdam Connection

16

72

21

91

The Double Helix

15

102

Total

73

365

In the Shadow of The

Mountain

13

In Table 3 showed the list of graded readers used as the samples. The
graded readers found in the Satya Wacana Christian Universitys library were
Penguin Readers and Cambridge English Readers. These books were published by
Pearson Education Limited and Cambridge University Press. I used stratified and
systematic sampling technique to select the data from the sample graded readers.
As the sample of this research, I took 50% of pages each book.
Research Instrument
In order to produce the analysis of vocabulary used in graded readers, I
used a tool named vocabulary profiler. This tool can be found in a website,
www.lextutor.ca. It is the Tom Cobbs website available in lextutor.ca. There
were many functions of the tool related to this study. Like, first it showed the
result of vocabularys frequency used in the text. It can also show where the
words belong, high frequency words or low frequency words. It can give analysis
of the negative words found in the graded readers. Besides, it can also compare
the inputted sample texts.
Data Collection Procedures
The graded readers were selected as much as 50% from the whole pages
due to the limitation of inputted words in the vocabulary profiler, lextutor.ca
which is 60,000 words. Meanwhile, there were 6 graded readers being analyzed.
However, the texts were cleaned up from the unnecessary components. First,
numbers (including page, chapter, date, year, age, etc.) and punctuation marks
were excluded from the data. Second, proper names including names of persons,
14

places, brand of goods, and so on also were deleted from the data. The pages
selected and cleaned were copied into the tool as the sample to analyze the
vocabulary used in the graded readers. Actually the tool can read this kind of data,
but they were excluded from analysis because those unnecessary component
influenced the percentage of the analysis later on, meanwhile those components
were easily recognized by the students in their reading activity.
Data Analysis Procedures
Then, from the pages which had been selected, the text were copied into
the tool provided. The first step was opened the lextutor.ca website, then clicked
the Vocabprofiler. After that, the VP Classic and the blank space were appeared.
In this space the text copied and clicked submit the window. Then, automatically
the analysis of the cumulative percentage showed. After that, the description of
the vocabulary used based on the results appeared in the tool as well as the button
of negative VP which was placed beside the K-1, K-2, AWL, and off-list
vocabulary list. Then, clicked the negative VP and the analysis of words which
were not covered or the negative words appeared. Therefore, the whole data were
put to show the overall result of the analysis. Then, after that, the data were put
one by one from the first level up to the sixth level of graded readers to show the
vocabulary profile differences occured between the level. To find out the token
(word) recycling index, the comparing texts were copied into Text Lex Compare
provided in the tool.

15

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS

The first part of this section presents the overall vocabulary profile of the
graded readers, level 1 up to 6. It shows the proportions of the vocabulary
frequency classifications in percentages. The second part presents the negative
vocabulary profile of K-1, K-2, AWL and the Off-list word. Then, the last part
shows the comparison of two graded readers considering the result of the
vocabulary frequency with an extreme difference.
A.

Overall vocabulary profile of graded readers, level 1 up to 6

Table 4. Cumulative percentage of overall vocabulary profile of graded readers

Freq.Level

Families (%)

Types (%)

Tokens (%)

846

1850

41784

(55.19%)

(51.10%)

(88.50%)

498

823

3077

(32.49%)

(22.73%)

(6.52%)

189

297

817

(12.33%)

(8.20%)

(1.73%)

650

1536

K-1 Words

Cumul.token (%)

88.50%

K-2 Words

95.02%

AWL
(570 FAMS

96.75%

TOT: 2.570)
Off-List
?
Words

Total

100.00%
(17.96%)

(3.25%)

3620

47214

(100%)

(100%)

1533+ ?

16

According to the data presented in the table, the analysis of vocabulary

profile used in graded readers was based on word families, types and token. The
term families or word families refers to the head of word. For example, confuse is
the head word of confused or confusing. The term type, is the variation of form
words in the same families. Therefore, confuse, confused and confusing are
considered as the same type. While figure and create are considered as the
different types. Last is token; the total number of words in the input text. For
instance if the result of analysis in the tool shows, leagues [5], prince [20], acid
[4] and wallet [3], the number of token is 32. That is why token shows the highest
number in the table presented above.
The cumulative percentage in the table shows that the use of K-1 words
was 88.50% with the additional of K-2 words (6.52%), so the total of K-1 and K-2
was 95.02%. According to Hu and Nation (2000) cited in Schmitt, Jiang and
Grabe (2011), it takes 98%-99% of word knowledge for the purpose of reading for
pleasure. It appears that the cumulative percentage of K-1 and K-2 words, which
are considered as the most frequently used words, is less than the expected word
knowledge. Meanwhile, the AWL percentage was 1.73%. The AWL which
commonly appear in the academic texts, were also found in the graded readers.
The total academic words found were 817 words. Then, the question that should
be considered is how the AWL words should be taught in this course. The last
category is the off-list words which covered 3.25%. By having around 1536 words
included in the off list words, the teacher and the students should consider how to

17

handle those words. There might be some words which are useful for the students
to know.
B.

Negative Vocabulary Profiles of The Graded Readers

In this section, the negative words of K-1, K-2, AWL and the Off-list word

will be presented. Negative words or negative vocabulary is the words or

vocabulary which are not found in the graded readers. The experts have created
the list of K-1, K-2 and K-3 (AWL) words which is known as the New General
Service List (NGSL). Then, the negative words which were not found in the
graded readers were analyzed by comparing the words on the sample texts and the
NGSL. The use of NGSL helped the researcher to know what words included in
graded readers and what were not.
1. The negative VP of K-1
Below are the analysis of negative words of K-1 found in the samples of
the graded readers. Here is the summary of the analysis of K-1.
K-1 total word families

: 964

K-1families in input

: 835 (86.62%)

K-1 families not in input

: 130 (13.49%)

The percentage shows above is different from the cumulative percentage

presented in the first table (overall vocabulary profiles) because the percentages
here refer to the word families (head word). For further analysis, the total
percentage of K-1 words families found in the text (in input) was 86.62% which
18

means, the books used around 86.62 % words in the NGSL. Then, the remaining
13.49% was the words which were not found in the texts (not in input) based on
the NGSL. Some words which were not found in the text (negative words) were
listed below. The complete word list has been attached in the Appendix A.
ACCOUNT

COAL

DISTRICT

INDUSTRY

ACCOUNTABLE

COIN

EARTH

INFLUENCE

ACTOR

COLONY

EAST

IRON

ACTRESS

COMMITTEE

ELECT

JOY

ADOPT

CONTENT

EMPIRE

JUSTICE

APPLY

CORN

ENEMY

LATTER

ARISE

COST

EXPRESS

LAUGHTER

ARMY

COTTON

FELLOW

LITERATURE

ASSOCIATE

COUNCIL

FLOW

LORD

BATTLE

COUNT

FOREST

LOSS

BRANCH

CROWN

FORTH

MANUFACTURE

BRIDGE

DECLARE

GAIN

MASTER

CAPITAL

DEFEAT

GATHER

MEMBER

CASTLE

DEPARTMENT

HEAVEN

MERE

CHARACTER

DESERT

HONOUR

MILE

MINER

MONDAY

MOTOR

NECESSITY

MINISTER

MOON

MRS

NEIGHBOUR

MISTER

MORAL

NATIVE

NOBLE

19

2. The negative VP of K-2

Then the negative VP of K-2 found in the samples of the graded readers
were presented below.
K-2 total word families

: 986

K-2 families in input

: 498 (50.51%)

K-2 families not in input

: 489 (49.59%)

Based on the NGSL the words found to be used in graded readers (in
input) was 50.51%. Then the remaining 49.59% was the words which were not
found (not in input) in the sample texts. Some words which were not found in the
text (negative words) were listed below. The complete word list has been attached
in the Appendix B.
ABSOLUTELY

ASTONISH

BILLION

CAPE

ACCUSTOM

AVENUE

BIRTH

CART

ACHE

AXE

BLADE

CATTLE

ADVERTISE

BAGGAGE

BLESS

CAVE

AEROPLANE

BAKE

BLIND

CEREMONY

AFFORD

BALANCE

BOAST

CHALK

AGRICULTURE

BAND

BOLD

CHEAP

AIM

BARBER

BORDER

CHEAT

AIRPLANE

BARELY

BOUND

CHIMNEY

ALTOGETHER

BARREL

BOWL

CLAY

20

3. The negative VP of AWL (K-3)

The last was the negative VP of K-3. The following analysis was showed
that the words found in the sample texts (in input) based on NGSL was 33.22%.
Meanwhile the words which were not found (not in input) in the graded readers
was 66.96%.
K-3 total word families

: 569

K-3 families in input

: 189 (33.22%)

K-3 families not in input

: 381 (66.96%)

Below was the list of some negative words found in the graded readers as
the sample texts. The complete word list has been attached in the Appendix C.
ABSTRACT

ANNUAL

CATEGORY

COMPATIBLE

ACCESS

ANTICIPATE

CEASE

COMPILE

ACCUMULATE

APPEND

CHART

COMPLEMENT

ACKNOWLEDGE

ARBITRARY

CIRCUMSTANCE

COMPONENT

ADAPT

ASPECT

CITE

COMPOUND

ADEQUATE

ASSEMBLE

CIVIL

COMPREHENSIVE

ADJACENT

ASSIGN

CLARIFY

COMPRISE

ADMINISTRATE

ATTAIN

CLASSIC

CONCEIVE

ADVOCATE

ATTRIBUTE

COMMODITY

CONCURRENT

AGGREGATE

CAPACITY

COMMUNITY

CONDUCT

21

C.

The block frequency output of off-list words

Below is the list of off-list words. The term off-list means all the words

which are not included in the high-frequency words (K-1 and K-2), academic
words (AWL) and technical words. Here is the block frequency output of off-list
words. The complete list has been put in Appendix D.
Table 5. Block frequency output of off-list words

RANK FREQ

COVERAGE
WORD
individ cumulative

1.

35

2.32%

2.32%

LABORATORY

2.

29

1.92%

4.24%

HELIX

3.

29

1.92%

6.16%

PRINCE

4.

26

1.72%

7.88%

HYDROGEN

5.

23

1.52%

9.40%

PRINCESS

6.

18

1.19%

10.59%

MAGIC

7.

17

1.13%

11.72%

GUY

8.

16

1.06%

12.78%

ATOMS

9.

15

0.99%

13.77%

GIANT

10.

15

0.99%

14.76%

HELICAL

11.

14

0.93%

15.69%

CHEMISTRY

12.

13

0.86%

16.55%

MOLECULE

13.

13

0.86%

17.41%

PHOSPHATE

14.

12

0.79%

18.20%

GENE

15.

12

0.79%

18.99%

PROTEIN

16.

11

0.73%

19.72%

ALPHA

17.

11

0.73%

20.45%

GENETICS

18.

11

0.73%

21.18%

MOLECULES

19.

11

0.73%

21.91%

SUBMARINE

20.

11

0.73%

22.64%

UNDERWATER
22

The off-list words found do not mean that the words are no longer
important. There may be words in off-list that might be useful for the students.
The list above has been devided per 10 words from the frequently appear in the
text up to the less frequent. Therefore, knowing those words might be useful for
the students when they were reading the graded readers. For teaching could select
words that the students might have to know such as words that appear in daily
conversation; guy, prince, giant, underwater, etc.
D.

The comparison of vocabulary frequency across levels of graded readers

Table 6 shows the comparison of the vocabulary frequencies of the graded

readers, level 1 up to 6.
Table 6. The comparison of VP across levels graded readers
K-1 words

K-2 words

AWL

Off-list words

Level 1

92.96%

3.67%

0.35%

3.01%

Level 2

93.19%

4.80%

0.00%

2.01%

Level 3

90.37%

7.07%

0.50%

2.06%

Level 4

90.41%

6.08%

0.92%

2.59%

Level 5

90.86%

6.11%

0.97%

2.06%

Level 6

84.70%

6.90%

3.69%

4.71%

As seen in the Table 6, an interesting finding was an extreme percentage

appeared in the AWL frequency level of graded reader level 2 which was 0.00%.

23

From 6 graded readers, level 2 taken was the book entitled Five Famous Fairy
Tales. It told about nonsense stories intended purely for reading for pleasure.
Therefore, the appearance of AWL was few in this level. Yet, the use of K-1
words for this level was the highest; 93.19%. The example words used were
beautiful, brother, country, loved, etc.
Meanwhile, the frequency of AWL in the graded reader level 6 was the
highest; 3.69%. The books title was The Double Helix. The book told about how
DNA was created. So there were many words used in biology, such as protein,
atomic, theory, etc. The example of AWL were abandon, academy,
accomodation, achieve, etc. While the sample of level 6 taken showed the highest
percentage of AWL, the K-1 words had the lowest percentage among other
readers; 84.70%. There were many difficult words to understand considering that
these books are intended for the first semester of college students. Yet, it was
acceptable because the purpose of reading the graded readers was also to increase
students ability in their vocabulary learning.
E.

The text comparison of graded readers, level 2 and 6

This is the last part of the analysis. Based on the difference of AWL

percentage between level 2 and 6, then the two graded readers have been analyzed
in more detail. The texts were copied into the Text Lex Compare. The result shows
the token recycling index of the graded readers being compared. Recycling index
is the ratio between words that are shared by the two input texts and the total
number of words in the second text. Based on that data, the shared words and the

24

unshared words or known as the unique words between two texts were showed.
Table 7 below is a small part of the result of the analysis. The complete table has
been put in Appendix E.
TOKEN Recycling Index: (10866 repeated tokens : 16081 tokens in new text) =
67.57%
FAMILIES Recycling Index: (325 repeated families : 1459 families in new text) =
22.28%
Table 7. Token recycling index of graded readers, level 2 and 6
Unique to
first
750 tokens
123 families

001. you 93
002. king 47
003. can 41
004. dog 32
005. prince
32
006. queen
26
007. gold 25
008. cry 23
009.
princess 22
010. magic
17
011. city 16
012. tree 15
013. coat 14
014. donkey
12
015. catch
11
016. bird 10
017. kill 10
018. angry 9
019. blue 9
020. die 9
021. fat 9
022. giant 9

Shared
10866 tokens
325 families

001.
1011
002.
003.
004.
005.
006.
429
007.
008.
009.
304
010.
011.
266
012.
182
013.
014.
158
015.
145
016.
134
017.
018.
019.
020.
021.

Unique to
second
5215 tokens
1134 families

the
be 690
to 586
i 485
of 433
this
he 408
a 394
have
in 287
and
not
we 171
would
for
with
on 127
it 116
at 110
do 91
about

Freq first
(then alpha)
001. base 77
002. model 61
003. however
60
004. structure
54
005. helix 51
006. which 49
007. might 47
008. possible
44
009. chain 39
010.
laboratory 36
011. even 32
012. same 32
013. much 30
014. almost 29
015. molecule
29
016. pair 29
017. several
29
018. bond 28
019. fact 28
020. week 28

25

Same list
Alpha first
001. abandon
2
002. able 11
003. abroad 1
004. absence
2
005. absent 1
006. absolute
3
007. academy
1
008. accent 1
009. accept
15
010. accident
1
011.
accommodate 3

012.
accompany 1
013.
according 1
014. accurate
3
015. accuse 1
016. achieve
5
017. acid 7

Table 7 above shows that the words which were only found in the first
sample text (unique to first) were 123 words. Meanwhile, the words which were
only found in the second sample text (unique to second) were 1134 words. The
last was for the term shared which means that the two texts have similar words
used, and it had 325 words shared.
For further analysis, the analysis of comparison shows that the token
recycling index was 67.57%. It means; as much as 67.57% of words in the two
graded readers were similar (shared). Meanwhile, as much as 32.43% of words
found in the graded reader level 6 were the new or unique words. Therefore, the
comprehensibility of this level was acceptable considering it was the highest level,
so it should have a little much of new vocabulary than the other levels.
CONCLUSION
The purpose of this study were to identify the vocabulary profile of the
graded readers used in the Faculty of Language and Literature, Satya Wacana
Christian University, to produce lists of vocabulary that were not covered in the
graded readers and to produce the token (word) recycling index of the graded
readers. The investigation of graded readers, level 1 up to 6 has shown that the
word coverage of the graded readers samples were 88.50% for K-1, 6.52% for K2, 1.73% for AWL and 3.25% for Off-List word.
Based on NGSL, the major finding is that the words not found in the graded
readers were 13.49% of K-1, 49.59% of K-2, and 66.96% of AWL. Besides, this
study has also shown that the comparison of level 2 and 6 of graded readers shows

26

that there were some shared words which was 67.75% and unshared words
(unique) which was 32.43%.
The results of this study indicate that the use of graded readers in Extensive
Reading course was quite appropriate to the course. Although the total of high
frequency words (K-1 & K-2) was less than the expected word knowledge for
reading for pleasure which was took 98%-99% (Hu & Nation, 2000, as cited in
Schmitt, Jiang & Grabe, 2011), but it passed the minimum threshold mention by
Nation (2001, p. 144) which was 95.02%. From the teaching perspective it was
appropriate to use such reading materials; graded readers, because it contains
many new vocabulary wrapped in many fiction stories. From the learning
perspective, using graded readers brought less pressure for the learners to learn
English as the foreign language. Yet, it was a good suggestion that the learners
especially the college students to have a reference list of vocabulary coverage to
decide whether a particular word is worth the attention or not.
The last thing being highlighted was the study did not evaluate the technical
words used in the graded readers. Therefore, the question raised by this study is
What is the technical word used in the graded readers or another sample text
being analyzed? Then, further studies regarding the use of the technical words in
the text would be interesting.

27

REFERENCES
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in an intensive english language learning context. International Journal of
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Asgari, A., & Mustapha, G. B. (2011). The type of vocabulary learning strategies
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Fisher, D. & Frey, N. (2014). Content area vocabulary learning. The Reading
Teacher. Vol. 67, (8), 594-599. doi: 0.1002/trtr.1258.

Fuller, A. W. (n.d). Unpublished thesis. Vocabulary analysis of a graded reader.

Colorado State University.

Grabe, W. (2009). Reading in a Second Language Moving from Theory to

Practice. New York : Cambridge University Press.

Graves, D. (2005). A Publication of the Jane Austen Society of North America.

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vocabulary acquisition from Extensive Reading: a case study. Journal of
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Jusuf, Y. A. (2014). Vocabulary profile in English textbooks used in Satya

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Kurniawati, A. (2015). Syllabus Extensive Reading semester 1/2015-2016.

Faculty of Language and Literature, Satya Wacana Christian University.

Laufer, B., & Kalovski, G. C. (2010). Lexical threshold revisited: lexical text
coverage, learners vocabulary size and reading comprehension. Reading
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Li, L., & Zhang, X. (2009). Teaching vocabulary in Chinese Universities; what
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Martinez, R., & Murphy, V. A. (2011). Effect of frequency and idiomaticity on

second language reading comprehension. Tesol Quartely, 45 (2), 267-290.

Nation, I. S. P. (2001). Learning vocabulary in another language. New York:

Cambridge University Press.

Nation, I. S. P. (2006). How large a vocabulary is needed for reading and

listening. The Canadian Modern Language Review/ La Revue Canadienne
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Nation, I. S. P. (2008). Teaching Vocabulary Strategies and Techniques. Boston :

Heinle, Cengange Learning.

Noor, M. N., & Amir, Z. (2009). Exploring the vocabulary learning strategies of
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Salaria, N. (2012). Meaning of the term descriptive survey research method.

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Schmitt, N., Jiang, X., & Grabe, W. (2011). The percentage of words known in a
text and reading comprehension. The Modern Language Journal. Vol. 95,
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Wan-a-rom, U. (2008). Comparing the vocabulary of different graded reading

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30

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
There were so many people I would like to say my gratitude for. First of all, my
greatest gratitude was for Allah SWT who has always granted my wishes and let
me finish my thesis on time. My gratitude was also for my parents and my family
who have always supported me no matter what happens. I also would like to offer
my sincere gratitude to Prof. Dr. Gusti Astika, M. A., for his guidance in
reviewing my thesis so I could complete my thesis. Fourth, was to my second
reader, Anne Indrayanti Timotius, M. Ed who has helped me to develop my
thesis. My last gratitude was intended to Ratih Chandra who has helped me in
collecting my data, to all of my friends especially Rachma Maulia, Hannasista,
Nathasya who always made me laugh and listen patiently to all of my unnecessary
talk whenever I felt depressed. Thank you so much.

31

APPENDICES
APPENDIX A
THE NEGATIVE VP OF K-1
ACCOUNT

DISTINGUISH

MILE

RELIGION

ACCOUNTABLE

DISTRICT

MINER

REPUBLIC

ACTOR

EARTH

MINISTER

ROYAL

ACTRESS

EAST

MISTER

SALE

ADOPT

ELECT

MONDAY

SEASON

APPLY

EMPIRE

MORAL

SHIP

ARISE

ENEMY

MOTOR

SHORE

ARMY

EXPRESS

MRS

SIGHT

ASSOCIATE

FELLOW

NATIVE

SOLDIER

BATTLE

FLOW

NECESSITY

SOUL

BRANCH

FOREST

NEIGHBOUR

STEEL

BRIDGE

FORTH

NOBLE

STOCK

CAPITAL

GAIN

NUMERICAL

STREAM

CASTLE

GATHER

NUMEROUS

SUFFER

CHARACTER

HEAVEN

OIL

SUPPLY

CHIEF

HONOUR

OPERATE

SWEET

COAL

INCH

ORDINARY

SWORD

COIN

INDUSTRY

OUGHT

TAX

COLONY

INFLUENCE

PLAIN

TEMPLE

32

COMMITTEE

IRON

POPULAR

THIRTEEN

CONTENT

JOY

POPULATION

THURSDAY

CORN

JUSTICE

POVERTY

THUS

COST

LATTER

PRESSURE

TON

COTTON

LAUGHTER

PRICE

TRADE

COUNCIL

LITERATURE

PROOF

UNION

COUNT

LORD

PROVISION

VESSEL

CROWN

LOSS

PURPOSE

VIRTUE

DECLARE

MANUFACTURE RANK

VOTE

DEFEAT

MASTER

RATE

WAGE

DEPARTMENT

MEMBER

RECEIPT

WEST

DESERT

MERE

REDUCE

WISE

MOON

SECRETARY

RELATIVE

YIELD

SETTLE

33

APPENDIX B
THE NEGATIVE VP OF K-2
ABSOLUTELY

DISH

MODERATE

SEW

ACCUSTOM

DITCH

MOTION

SHADE

ACHE

DOT

MOUSE

SHALLOW

ADVERTISE

DOZEN

MUD

SHAME

AEROPLANE

DRAG

NAIL

SHAVE

AFFORD

DROWN

NEEDLE

SHEEP

AGRICULTURE

DRUM

NEGLECT

SHELTER

AIM

DUCK

NEPHEW

SHIELD

AIRPLANE

DUST

NEST

SHILLING

ALTOGETHER

EARNEST

NET

SHOWER

AMBITION

EASE

NIECE

SIGNAL

APOLOGY

ELASTIC

NONSENSE

SILK

APPLAUD

ELDER

NOON

SINCERE

APPLAUSE

ELEPHANT

NOUN

SKILL

APPLE

ENTERTAIN

NUISANCE

SLAVE

ARCH

ENTIRE

NURSE

SLIDE

ARREST

ESSENCE

NUT

SLOPE

ARROW

EXCESS

OAR

SNAKE

ARTIFICIAL

EXTRA

OCEAN

SOAP

ASH

FADE

OFFEND

SOIL

34

ASHAMED

FAINT

OMIT

SOLEMN

ASIDE

FANCY

ONWARDS

SORE

ASTONISH

FASTEN

OPPOSE

SOUR

AVENUE

FATE

ORGAN

SOW

AXE

FEAST

ORNAMENT

SPADE

BAGGAGE

FENCE

OUTLINE

SPILL

BAKE

FEVER

OVERCOME

SPIN

BALANCE

FLAG

PAD

SPIT

BAND

FLASH

PAN

SPLENDID

BARBER

FLAVOUR

PARCEL

SPLIT

BARELY

FLESH

PARDON

SPOIL

BARREL

FLOAT

PASSENGER

SPOON

BASIN

FLOUR

PASTE

STAFF

BASKET

FORBID

PATRIOTIC

STAIN

BATHE

FORGIVE

PAW

STAMP

BAY

FORK

PEARL

STEAM

BEAK

FRAME

PECULIAR

STEEP

BEAM

FRY

PENNY

STEER

BEAN

FUR

PET

STEM

BEAR

GALLON

PIG

STING

BEAST

GARAGE

PIGEON

STIR

BELT

GAY

PILE

STOCKING

BERRY

GLORY

PIN

STORM

35

BICYCLE

GOAT

PINCH

STOVE

BILLION

GRADUAL

PINT

STRAP

BIRTH

GRAIN

PLASTER

STRAW

BLADE

GRAM

PLENTY

STRICT

BLESS

GRAMMAR

PLOUGH

STRING

BLIND

GRAVE

PLURAL

STRIP

BOAST

GREASE

POEM

STRIPE

BOLD

GREED

POLISH

SUCK

BORDER

GRIND

POOL

SWALLOW

BOUND

GUARD

POT

SWEAR

BOWL

HAMMER

POWDER

SWEEP

BRASS

HANDLE

PRACTICAL

SWELL

BRIBE

HARBOR

PRACTISE

SWING

BRICK

HARM

PRAISE

TAIL

BROADCAST

HARVEST

PRAY

TAILOR

BRUSH

HEAL

PREACH

TAME

BUCKET

HEAP

PRECIOUS

TAP

BUNCH

HINDER

PREJUDICE

TELEGRAPH

BURIAL

HOLLOW

PRESERVE

TEMPT

BUSH

HOLY

PRETEND

TEND

BUTTER

HOOK

PRIDE

TENDER

CAGE

HORIZON

PRIEST

TENT

CAMP

HOST

PROCESSION

THIEF

36

CAPE

HUMBLE

PROFESSION

THIRST

CART

HUNT

PROGRAMME

THORN

CATTLE

HURRAH

PROMPT

THOROUGH

CAVE

IDEAL

PRONOUNCE

THREAD

CEREMONY

IMITATE

PUNCTUAL

THUMB

CHALK

IMPROVE

PUNISH

THUNDER

CHEAP

INFORMAL

PUPIL

TIDE

CHEAT

INFORMALLY

QUALIFY

TIN

CHIMNEY

INN

QUART

TITLE

CLAY

INSECT

RABBIT

TOE

CLERK

INSTANT

RAIL

TONGUE

CLIFF

INSTRUMENT

RAKE

TOWEL

COARSE

INSULT

RAPID

TOWER

COLLAR

INSURE

RAW

TRANSLATE

COMB

INTERFERE

RAY

TRAY

COMPETE

INTERNATIONAL

RAZOR

TREASURE

COMPETITION

INVENT

RECOMMEND

TREMBLE

COMPLAIN

INWARD

REFER

TRIBE

COMPOSE

ISLAND

REFRESH

TRUNK

CONFESS

JAW

REJOICE

TUNE

CONQUER

JUICE

REMEDY

UMBRELLA

CONSCIENCE

KILOGRAM

REPLACE

UNCLE

CONSCIOUS

KNEEL

REPRODUCE

UNIVERSE

37

CONVENIENCE

KNOT

REVENGE

UPRIGHT

COOL

LADDER

REVIEW

UPWARDS

COPPER

LAMP

REWARD

URGE

CORK

LEAF

RIBBON

VAIN

COTTAGE

LEATHER

RICE

VEIL

COUGH

LEND

RIPE

VERB

COWARD

LIBERTY

RIVAL

VERSE

CRACK

LID

ROAR

VOWEL

CREAM

LIMB

ROAST

VOYAGE

CREATURE

LITRE

ROB

WAIST

CRITIC

LOAD

ROD

WAX

CROP

LOAF

ROOF

WEAVE

CRUSH

LOAN

ROOT

WEED

CULTIVATE

LODGING

ROT

WHEAT

CURE

LOG

RUB

WHIP

CURL

LOOSE

RUBBISH

WICKED

CURSE

LOYAL

RUG

WIDOW

CURVE

LUMP

RUST

WING

CUSHION

LUNG

SACRIFICE

WIPE

CUSTOM

MAIL

SADDLE

WORM

DAMAGE

MAT

SALARY

WORSHIP

DEAF

MEANTIME

SAMPLE

WRAP

DEBT

MEANWHILE

SAND

WRECK

38

DECAY

MECHANIC

SAUCE

WRIST

DECREASE

MEDICINE

SAUCER

YARD

DEED

MELT

SAWS

DEER

MEND

SCALE

DEFEND

MERCHANT

SCENT

DELAY

MERCY

SCISSORS

DESPAIR

MERRY

SCOLD

DEVIL

MESSENGER

SCORN

DIAMOND

MILL

SCRAPE

DICTIONARY

MILLIGRAM

SCRATCH

DIG

MILLILITRE

SCREW

DIP

MILLIMETRE

SEED

DISCIPLINE

MINERAL

SEVERE

39

APPENDIX C
THE NEGATIVE VP OF AWL (K-3)
ABSTRACT

DIMENSION

INSTANCE

QUALITATIVE

ACCESS

DIMINISH

INSTITUTE

QUOTE

ACCUMULATE

DISCRETE

INSTRUCT

RADICAL

ACKNOWLED

DISCRIMINATE

INTEGRAL

RANDOM

GE ADAPT

DISPLACE

INTEGRATE

RANGE

ADEQUATE

DISPOSE

INTEGRITY

RATIO

ADJACENT

DISTINCT

INTENSE

RATIONAL

ADMINISTRAT

DISTORT

INTERACT

REFINE

E ADVOCATE

DISTRIBUTE

INTERMEDIATE

REGIME

AGGREGATE

DIVERSE

INTERPRET

REGISTER

ALBEIT

DOCUMENT

INTERVENE

REGULATE

ALLOCATE

DOMAIN

INTRINSIC

REINFORCE

AMBIGUOUS

DOMESTIC

INVOKE

RELUCTANCE

AMEND

DRAFT

ISOLATE

RESEARCH

ANALOGY

DURATION

ISSUE

RESIDE

ANNUAL

DYNAMIC

JUSTIFY

RESOLVE

ANTICIPATE

ECONOMY

LABEL

RESOURCE

APPEND

ELEMENT

LABOUR

RESTORE

APPROXIMAT

ELIMINATE

LAYER

RESTRAIN

E ARBITRARY

EMERGE

LEGAL

RESTRICT

40

ASPECT

EMPIRICAL

LEGISLATE

RETAIN

ASSEMBLE

ENABLE

LEVY

REVENUE

ASSIGN

ENCOUNTER

LIBERAL

REVERSE

ATTAIN

ENFORCE

LICENCE

REVISE

ATTRIBUTE

ENHANCE

LIKEWISE

REVOLUTION

AUTHOR

ENSURE

LOCATE

RIGID

BEHALF

ENTITY

MAJOR

ROUTE

BIAS

EQUATE

MANIPULATE

SCENARIO

BULK

EQUIVALENT

MANUAL

SCOPE

CAPABLE

ERODE

MARGIN

SECTION

CAPACITY

ESTATE

MATURE

SECTOR

CATEGORY

ESTIMATE

MAXIMISE

SELECT

CEASE

ETHIC

MECHANISM

SEQUENCE

CHART

ETHNIC

MEDIA

SIMULATE

CIRCUMSTAN

EVALUATE

MEDIATE

SO-CALLED

CE

EVOLVE

MEDICAL

SOLE

CITE

EXCEED

MIGRATE

SOMEWHAT

CIVIL

EXHIBIT

MILITARY

SOURCE

CLARIFY

EXPAND

MINIMAL

SPECIFIC

CLASSIC

EXPLICIT

MINIMISE

SPECIFY

CLAUSE

EXPLOIT

MINIMUM

SPHERE

CODE

EXPORT

MINISTRY

STATISTIC

COHERENT

EXPOSE

MODE

STATUS

41

COMMENCE

EXTRACT

MODIFY

STRAIGHTFORW

COMMISSION

FACILITATE

MONITOR

ARD STRATEGY

COMMIT

FACTOR

MUTUAL

STRESS

COMMODITY

FEDERAL

NETWORK

SUBMIT

COMMUNITY

FINANCE

NONETHELESS

SUBORDINATE

COMPATIBLE

FINITE

NORM

SUBSEQUENT

COMPILE

FLEXIBLE

NOTION

SUBSIDY

COMPLEMENT

FLUCTUATE

NOTWITHSTAND

SUBSTITUTE

COMPONENT

FOCUS

ING NUCLEAR

SUCCESSOR

COMPOUND

FORMAT

OBJECTIVE

SUFFICIENT

COMPREHENSI FORMULA

OFFSET

SUM

VE COMPRISE

FORTHCOMING

ONGOING

SUMMARY

CONCEIVE

FOUNDATION

ORIENT

SUPPLEMENT

CONCURRENT

FOUNDED

OUTCOME

SURVIVE

CONDUCT

FRAMEWORK

OUTPUT

SUSPEND

CONFINE

FUNCTION

OVERALL

SUSTAIN

CONFLICT

FUNDAMENTA

OVERLAP

TARGET

CONFORM

L GENDER

OVERSEAS

TECHNIQUE

CONSENT

GENERATE

PANEL

TECHNOLOGY

CONSTITUTE

GLOBE

PARADIGM

TERMINATE

CONSTRAIN

GRADE

PARALLEL

THEME

CONSULT

GUARANTEE

PARAMETER

THEREBY

CONSUME

GUIDELINE

PARTICIPATE

THESIS

42

CONTEMPORA

HENCE

PASSIVE

TRANSFER

RY CONTEXT

HIERARCHY

PERCEIVE

TRANSFORM

CONTRADICT

HIGHLIGHT

PERCENT

TRANSIT

CONTRARY

HYPOTHESIS

PERSIST

TRANSMIT

CONTROVERS

IDENTICAL

PERSPECTIVE

TRANSPORT

Y CONVENE

IDEOLOGY

PHASE

TREND

CONVERSE

ILLUSTRATE

PHENOMENON

TRIGGER

CONVERT

IMAGE

POLICY

ULTIMATE

COORDINATE

IMMIGRATE

PORTION

UNDERGO

CORE

IMPACT

POSE

UNDERLIE

CORPORATE

IMPLEMENT

POTENTIAL

UNDERTAKE

CORRESPOND

IMPLICIT

PRACTITIONER

UNIFORM

CREDIT

IMPOSE

PRECEDE

UNIFY

CRITERIA

INCENTIVE

PRECISE

UTILISE

CRUCIAL

INCIDENCE

PREDOMINANT

VALID

CULTURE

INCLINE

PRELIMINARY

VARY

CURRENCY

INCOME

PRESUME

VEHICLE

DEBATE

INCORPORATE

PRIMARY

VIA

DECADE

INDEX

PRIME

VIOLATE

DECLINE

INDUCE

PRINCIPAL

VIRTUAL

DEDUCE

INFER

PRIOR

VISION

DEFINE

INFRASTRUCT

PRIORITY

VISUAL

DEMONSTRAT

URE INHERENT

PROCESS

VOLUNTARY

43

E DENOTE

INHIBIT

PROHIBIT

WELFARE

DENY

INITIATE

PROJECT

WHEREAS

DERIVE

INJURE

PROMOTE

WHEREBY

DESIGN

INNOVATE

PROPORTION

WIDESPREAD

DEVIATE

INPUT

PROSPECT

DEVICE

INSERT

PROTOCOL

DEVOTE

INSIGHT

PSYCHOLOGY

DIFFERENTIAT
E

44

APPENDIX D
BLOCK FREQUENCY OUTPUT OF OFF-LIST WORDS

RANK FREQ

COVERAGE
WORD
individ cumulative

1.

35

2.32% 2.32%

LABORATORY

2.

29

1.92% 4.24%

HELIX

3.

29

1.92% 6.16%

PRINCE

4.

26

1.72% 7.88%

HYDROGEN

5.

23

1.52% 9.40%

PRINCESS

6.

18

1.19% 10.59%

MAGIC

7.

17

1.13% 11.72%

GUY

8.

16

1.06% 12.78%

ATOMS

9.

15

0.99% 13.77%

GIANT

10.

15

0.99% 14.76%

HELICAL

11.

14

0.93% 15.69%

CHEMISTRY

12.

13

0.86% 16.55%

MOLECULE

13.

13

0.86% 17.41%

PHOSPHATE

14.

12

0.79% 18.20%

GENE

15.

12

0.79% 18.99%

PROTEIN

16.

11

0.73% 19.72%

ALPHA

17.

11

0.73% 20.45%

GENETICS

18.

11

0.73% 21.18%

MOLECULES

19.

11

0.73% 21.91%

SUBMARINE

20.

11

0.73% 22.64%

UNDERWATER

21.

11

0.73% 23.37%

WHALE

22.

10

0.66% 24.03%

JACKET

23.

10

0.66% 24.69%

NUCLEOTIDE

24.

10

0.66% 25.35%

SKI

25.

0.60% 25.95%

CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC

45

26.

0.60% 26.55%

JAR

27.

0.60% 27.15%

WHISKY

28.

0.53% 27.68%

APARTMENT

29.

0.53% 28.21%

DIFFRACTION

30.

0.53% 28.74%

NUCLEOTIDES

31.

0.53% 29.27%

VIRUSES

32.

0.46% 29.73%

BACTERIA

33.

0.46% 30.19%

BACTERIAL

34.

0.46% 30.65%

BEER

35.

0.46% 31.11%

BETS

36.

0.46% 31.57%

CRYSTALLINE

37.

0.46% 32.03%

CUTTER

38.

0.46% 32.49%

SKIING

39.

0.40% 32.89%

ATOMIC

40.

0.40% 33.29%

BIOLOGICAL

41.

0.40% 33.69%

BIOLOGY

42.

0.40% 34.09%

GENES

43.

0.40% 34.49%

HELICES

44.

0.40% 34.89%

KIDS

45.

0.40% 35.29%

MILLIONTHS

46.

0.40% 35.69%

MOBILE

47.

0.40% 36.09%

PILLS

48.

0.40% 36.49%

RECEPTIONIST

49.

0.40% 36.89%

WALLET

50.

0.33% 37.22%

BIOCHEMISTRY

51.

0.33% 37.55%

BIOLOGIST

52.

0.33% 37.88%

BOOTS

53.

0.33% 38.21%

CHEMIST

54.

0.33% 38.54%

COILED

55.

0.33% 38.87%

CORAL

46

56.

0.33% 39.20%

CRIMINALS

57.

0.33% 39.53%

DRUG

58.

0.33% 39.86%

GOALKEEPER

59.

0.33% 40.19%

HUGE

60.

0.33% 40.52%

IONS

61.

0.33% 40.85%

JEEPS

62.

0.33% 41.18%

LEAGUES

63.

0.33% 41.51%

MATHEMATICS

64.

0.33% 41.84%

MOLECULAR

65.

0.33% 42.17%

NUCLEIC

66.

0.33% 42.50%

PUB

67.

0.33% 42.83%

PURINE

68.

0.33% 43.16%

PYRIMIDINE

69.

0.33% 43.49%

PYRIMIDINES

70.

0.33% 43.82%

STARING

71.

0.33% 44.15%

TINY

72.

0.33% 44.48%

UNEXPECTED

73.

0.33% 44.81%

UNEXPECTEDLY

74.

0.26% 45.07%

ACID

75.

0.26% 45.33%

AIRPORT

76.

0.26% 45.59%

APPEAL

77.

0.26% 45.85%

BLONDE

78.

0.26% 46.11%

COILS

79.

0.26% 46.37%

CRAZY

80.

0.26% 46.63%

DINNING

81.

0.26% 46.89%

FOOTBALLERS

82.

0.26% 47.15%

GLACIER

83.

0.26% 47.41%

GOODNIGHT

84.

0.26% 47.67%

GOSSIP

85.

0.26% 47.93%

HELL

47

86.

0.26% 48.19%

JEANS

87.

0.26% 48.45%

JOURNALIST

88.

0.26% 48.71%

LANOXIN

89.

0.26% 48.97%

MUSEUM

90.

0.26% 49.23%

PHOSPHORUS

91.

0.26% 49.49%

PHOTO

92.

0.26% 49.75%

PROTEINS

93.

0.26% 50.01%

SAUNA

94.

0.26% 50.27%

SCREAMED

95.

0.26% 50.53%

SUB

96.

0.26% 50.79%

SYNDICATE

97.

0.26% 51.05%

TENNIS

98.

0.26% 51.31%

UNBELIEVABLE

99.

0.26% 51.57%

VEGETABLES

100.

0.20% 51.77%

ACIDS

101.

0.20% 51.97%

BATHROOM

102.

0.20% 52.17%

BET

103.

0.20% 52.37%

BIOENGINEERING

104.

0.20% 52.57%

BOSS

105.

0.20% 52.77%

CELL

106.

0.20% 52.97%

CELLS

107.

0.20% 53.17%

CEMETERY

108.

0.20% 53.37%

CHASE

109.

0.20% 53.57%

CHASING

110.

0.20% 53.77%

CHEMISTS

111.

0.20% 53.97%

CIGARETTE

112.

0.20% 54.17%

CIGARETTES

113.

0.20% 54.37%

CLIENTS

114.

0.20% 54.57%

CLUE

115.

0.20% 54.77%

COACH

48

116.

0.20% 54.97%

CRYSTALLOGRAPHER

117.

0.20% 55.17%

CRYSTALS

118.

0.20% 55.37%

ELBOW

119.

0.20% 55.57%

ENTHUSIASTIC

120.

0.20% 55.77%

EX

121.

0.20% 55.97%

EXECUTIVE

122.

0.20% 56.17%

GENETIC

123.

0.20% 56.37%

GUILDERS

124.

0.20% 56.57%

HANDSOME

125.

0.20% 56.77%

HEADACHE

126.

0.20% 56.97%

INCREDIBLE

127.

0.20% 57.17%

INORGANIC

128.

0.20% 57.37%

KARATE

129.

0.20% 57.57%

LAPTOP

130.

0.20% 57.77%

MESSY

131.

0.20% 57.97%

MIRROR

132.

0.20% 58.17%

MOOD

133.

0.20% 58.37%

MORTEM

134.

0.20% 58.57%

MOTORWAY

135.

0.20% 58.77%

MUGGING

136.

0.20% 58.97%

NERVOUS

137.

0.20% 59.17%

NERVOUSLY

138.

0.20% 59.37%

ORGANIC

139.

0.20% 59.57%

OVERNIGHT

140.

0.20% 59.77%

PAPERWORK

141.

0.20% 59.97%

PHYSICS

142.

0.20% 60.17%

PRESENTABLE

143.

0.20% 60.37%

PRINCES

144.

0.20% 60.57%

REAPPEARANCE

145.

0.20% 60.77%

RECEPTION

49

146.

0.20% 60.97%

REEF

147.

0.20% 61.17%

SKIS

148.

0.20% 61.37%

SPEAR

149.

0.20% 61.57%

SPEARS

150.

0.20% 61.77%

STRIKER

151.

0.20% 61.97%

STRIKERS

152.

0.20% 62.17%

SWIMMER

153.

0.20% 62.37%

TULIPS

154.

0.20% 62.57%

UNCLEAR

155.

0.13% 62.70%

ADDICT

156.

0.13% 62.83%

AMAZED

157.

0.13% 62.96%

AMAZING

158.

0.13% 63.09%

ANNOUNCED

159.

0.13% 63.22%

ANNOUNCING

160.

0.13% 63.35%

ANNOYINGLY

161.

0.13% 63.48%

ATTACKER

162.

0.13% 63.61%

BETTING

163.

0.13% 63.74%

BIKE

164.

0.13% 63.87%

BIOCHEMICAL

165.

0.13% 64.00%

BIOCHEMISTS

166.

0.13% 64.13%

BLANK

167.

0.13% 64.26%

BORING

168.

0.13% 64.39%

BOTHER

169.

0.13% 64.52%

BRILLIANT

170.

0.13% 64.65%

CAFE

171.

0.13% 64.78%

CARBON

172.

0.13% 64.91%

CARDBOARD

173.

0.13% 65.04%

CAREER

174.

0.13% 65.17%

CASSETTE

175.

0.13% 65.30%

CELLAR

50

176.

0.13% 65.43%

CENTIMETER

177.

0.13% 65.56%

CHATTED

178.

0.13% 65.69%

CHEEKS

179.

0.13% 65.82%

CRYSTALLIZE

180.

0.13% 65.95%

CRYSTALLOGRAPHERS

181.

0.13% 66.08%

CRYSTALLOGRAPHY

182.

0.13% 66.21%

DAYDREAMS

183.

0.13% 66.34%

DEPARTURE

184.

0.13% 66.47%

DISASTER

185.

0.13% 66.60%

DRUGS

186.

0.13% 66.73%

ECHOED

187.

0.13% 66.86%

EMBARRASSED

188.

0.13% 66.99%

EMBARRASSING

189.

0.13% 67.12%

ENGLISHMAN

190.

0.13% 67.25%

ENGLISHMEN

191.

0.13% 67.38%

FAIRY

192.

0.13% 67.51%

FATAL

193.

0.13% 67.64%

FOOTBALLER

194.

0.13% 67.77%

FRACTION

195.

0.13% 67.90%

FREQUENCIES

196.

0.13% 68.03%

GANG

197.

0.13% 68.16%

GENETICISTS

198.

0.13% 68.29%

GENUINE

199.

0.13% 68.42%

GUYS

200.

0.13% 68.55%

HANDCUFFS

201.

0.13% 68.68%

HEADPHONES

202.

0.13% 68.81%

HEADQUARTERS

203.

0.13% 68.94%

HINT

204.

0.13% 69.07%

HORRIBLE

205.

0.13% 69.20%

INCREDIBLY

51

206.

0.13% 69.33%

INSISTING

207.

0.13% 69.46%

INTELLECTUAL

208.

0.13% 69.59%

INTERATOMIC

209.

0.13% 69.72%

INTERVIEW

210.

0.13% 69.85%

ION

211.

0.13% 69.98%

JOURNALISTS

212.

0.13% 70.11%

JUMPER

213.

0.13% 70.24%

KEEN

214.

0.13% 70.37%

KILOMETERS

215.

0.13% 70.50%

LABORATORIES

216.

0.13% 70.63%

LOUNGE

217.

0.13% 70.76%

MENU

218.

0.13% 70.89%

MESS

219.

0.13% 71.02%

MIDDAY

220.

0.13% 71.15%

MUGGER

221.

0.13% 71.28%

NON

222.

0.13% 71.41%

OPPOSITION

223.

0.13% 71.54%

OPTIMISTIC

224.

0.13% 71.67%

PHOTOS

225.

0.13% 71.80%

POSTMORTEM

226.

0.13% 71.93%

PURINES

227.

0.13% 72.06%

PURINESS

228.

0.13% 72.19%

REEFS

229.

0.13% 72.32%

ROMANTIC

230.

0.13% 72.45%

SANDWICHES

231.

0.13% 72.58%

SCORE

232.

0.13% 72.71%

SCORED

233.

0.13% 72.84%

SKELETON

234.

0.13% 72.97%

SQUAD

235.

0.13% 73.10%

STABBINGS

52

236.

0.13% 73.23%

STADIUM

237.

0.13% 73.36%

STEAK

238.

0.13% 73.49%

STOREY

239.

0.13% 73.62%

STRENGTHS

240.

0.13% 73.75%

SUPERMARKET

241.

0.13% 73.88%

SURGERY

242.

0.13% 74.01%

TAEKWONDO

243.

0.13% 74.14%

TELEVISION

244.

0.13% 74.27%

TUNNEL

245.

0.13% 74.40%

UNSPOKEN

246.

0.13% 74.53%

VACANT

247.

0.13% 74.66%

VIRUS

248.

0.13% 74.79%

WARDROBE

249.

0.13% 74.92%

WORKSHOP

250.

0.07% 74.99%

ACCENT

251.

0.07% 75.06%

ADMIRERS

252.

0.07% 75.13%

AGGRESSIVE

253.

0.07% 75.20%

ALARMING

254.

0.07% 75.27%

ALARMINGLY

255.

0.07% 75.34%

AMAZEMENT

256.

0.07% 75.41%

AMERICANS

257.

0.07% 75.48%

AMSTERDAM

258.

0.07% 75.55%

ANCESTORS

259.

0.07% 75.62%

ANTED

260.

0.07% 75.69%

ANTIHELICAL

261.

0.07% 75.76%

APARTEMENTS

262.

0.07% 75.83%

APPETITE

263.

0.07% 75.90%

ASSAULTING

264.

0.07% 75.97%

ASSET

265.

0.07% 76.04%

ASTER

53

266.

0.07% 76.11%

ATMOSPHERE

267.

0.07% 76.18%

ATOM

268.

0.07% 76.25%

ATOMICS

269.

0.07% 76.32%

AWFUL

270.

0.07% 76.39%

BACKBONES

271.

0.07% 76.46%

BACTERIOLOGIST

272.

0.07% 76.53%

BALCONY

273.

0.07% 76.60%

BARPERSON

274.

0.07% 76.67%

BASEBALL

275.

0.07% 76.74%

BASTARD

276.

0.07% 76.81%

BEACH

277.

0.07% 76.88%

BEAUTIFUL

278.

0.07% 76.95%

BEDSIDE

279.

0.07% 77.02%

BELIEVABLE

280.

0.07% 77.09%

BIO

281.

0.07% 77.16%

BIOCHEMIST

282.

0.07% 77.23%

BIOLOGICALLY

283.

0.07% 77.30%

BIOLOGISTS

284.

0.07% 77.37%

BIOPHYSICS

285.

0.07% 77.44%

BLOUSE

286.

0.07% 77.51%

BOMB

287.

0.07% 77.58%

BOOKED

288.

0.07% 77.65%

BOOKSHOP

289.

0.07% 77.72%

BORED

290.

0.07% 77.79%

BOSSY

291.

0.07% 77.86%

BOTHERED

292.

0.07% 77.93%

BOXER

293.

0.07% 78.00%

BOXING

294.

0.07% 78.07%

BRANDY

295.

0.07% 78.14%

BREAKTHROUGH

54

296.

0.07% 78.21%

BRICKLEBAT

297.

0.07% 78.28%

BRUISED

298.

0.07% 78.35%

BRUISES

299.

0.07% 78.42%

CABLE

300.

0.07% 78.49%

CAM

301.

0.07% 78.56%

CAPTURE

302.

0.07% 78.63%

CAPTURED

303.

0.07% 78.70%

CASH

304.

0.07% 78.77%

CELLARS

305.

0.07% 78.84%

CEREAL

306.

0.07% 78.91%

CHAT

307.

0.07% 78.98%

CHEEK

308.

0.07% 79.05%

CHIDREN

309.

0.07% 79.12%

CHOCOLATES

310.

0.07% 79.19%

CHROMOSOMAL

311.

0.07% 79.26%

CHROMOSOME

312.

0.07% 79.33%

CHROMOSOMES

313.

0.07% 79.40%

CLEANUP

314.

0.07% 79.47%

CLICHE

315.

0.07% 79.54%

CLIMATE

316.

0.07% 79.61%

COIL

317.

0.07% 79.68%

COILING

318.

0.07% 79.75%

COLUMN

319.

0.07% 79.82%

CONTINENTAL

320.

0.07% 79.89%

CONTINUALLY

321.

0.07% 79.96%

CONVERSATIONAL

322.

0.07% 80.03%

COPE

323.

0.07% 80.10%

CORRIDOR

324.

0.07% 80.17%

COUNTRYSIDE

325.

0.07% 80.24%

CRITICISM

55

326.

0.07% 80.31%

CRITICIZED

327.

0.07% 80.38%

CRITICIZING

328.

0.07% 80.45%

CROISSANT

329.

0.07% 80.52%

DARLIN

330.

0.07% 80.59%

DAYDREAMED

331.

0.07% 80.66%

DAYTIME

332.

0.07% 80.73%

DECORATED

333.

0.07% 80.80%

DECORATIVE

334.

0.07% 80.87%

DENIM

335.

0.07% 80.94%

DEOXYRIBOSE

336.

0.07% 81.01%

DEPARTED

337.

0.07% 81.08%

DESCENDANTS

338.

0.07% 81.15%

DESPERATE

339.

0.07% 81.22%

DEW

340.

0.07% 81.29%

DIAGRAM

341.

0.07% 81.36%

DIARIES

342.

0.07% 81.43%

DIGOXIN

343.

0.07% 81.50%

DIRTYING

344.

0.07% 81.57%

DISCO

345.

0.07% 81.64%

DISPROVING

346.

0.07% 81.71%

DIVORCED

347.

0.07% 81.78%

DOORBELL

348.

0.07% 81.85%

DOORWAY

349.

0.07% 81.92%

DORM

350.

0.07% 81.99%

DOUBTFULLY

351.

0.07% 82.06%

DRUGGED

352.

0.07% 82.13%

DUNNO

353.

0.07% 82.20%

ECCENTRIC

354.

0.07% 82.27%

ECHOING

355.

0.07% 82.34%

ELEGANT

56

356.

0.07% 82.41%

EMAIL

357.

0.07% 82.48%

EMAILED

358.

0.07% 82.55%

EMBARRASSMENT

359.

0.07% 82.62%

EMERGENCY

360.

0.07% 82.69%

EMOTION

361.

0.07% 82.76%

EMOTIONAL

362.

0.07% 82.83%

ENDINGS

363.

0.07% 82.90%

ENGLAND

364.

0.07% 82.97%

ENQUIRIES

365.

0.07% 83.04%

ENTHUSIASM

366.

0.07% 83.11%

ENTHUSIASTS

367.

0.07% 83.18%

EXHAUSTED

368.

0.07% 83.25%

EXISTENT

369.

0.07% 83.32%

EXPEDITION

370.

0.07% 83.39%

EXPEDITIONS

371.

0.07% 83.46%

EXPERIMENTER

372.

0.07% 83.53%

FAINTEST

373.

0.07% 83.60%

FAIRIES

374.

0.07% 83.67%

FAME

375.

0.07% 83.74%

FIST

376.

0.07% 83.81%

FLAY

377.

0.07% 83.88%

FOOTING

378.

0.07% 83.95%

FOREVER

379.

0.07% 84.02%

FREIND

380.

0.07% 84.09%

FROWNING

381.

0.07% 84.16%

GASPED

382.

0.07% 84.23%

GERMANS

383.

0.07% 84.30%

GIN

384.

0.07% 84.37%

GLANCE

385.

0.07% 84.44%

GLANCES

57

386.

0.07% 84.51%

GLOVES

387.

0.07% 84.58%

GOALKEEPERS

388.

0.07% 84.65%

GODLESS

389.

0.07% 84.72%

GOOD

390.

0.07% 84.79%

GRABBED

391.

0.07% 84.86%

GRADUATE

392.

0.07% 84.93%

GRIN

393.

0.07% 85.00%

GROIN

394.

0.07% 85.07%

GUILDER

395.

0.07% 85.14%

GUNMAN

396.

0.07% 85.21%

HAIRED

397.

0.07% 85.28%

HALFWAY

398.

0.07% 85.35%

HANDCUFFED

399.

0.07% 85.42%

HEADLINE

400.

0.07% 85.49%

HEARTBEAT

401.

0.07% 85.56%

HEARTBROKEN

402.

0.07% 85.63%

HEARTED

403.

0.07% 85.70%

HELIC

404.

0.07% 85.77%

HELICALLY

405.

0.07% 85.84%

HESITANT

406.

0.07% 85.91%

HINTED

407.

0.07% 85.98%

HINTING

408.

0.07% 86.05%

HONEYMOON

409.

0.07% 86.12%

HORROR

410.

0.07% 86.19%

HUG

411.

0.07% 86.26%

HUGELY

412.

0.07% 86.33%

HUMOROUS

413.

0.07% 86.40%

ICONS

414.

0.07% 86.47%

IMAGINABLE

415.

0.07% 86.54%

IMPATIENCE

58

416.

0.07% 86.61%

IMPATIENT

417.

0.07% 86.68%

IMPATIENTLY

418.

0.07% 86.75%

IMPRESSION

419.

0.07% 86.82%

INDECISIVE

420.

0.07% 86.89%

INEXACT

421.

0.07% 86.96%

INEXPENSIVE

422.

0.07% 87.03%

INNOCENTLY

423.

0.07% 87.10%

INSISTENCE

424.

0.07% 87.17%

INTERCOM

425.

0.07% 87.24%

INTERNET

426.

0.07% 87.31%

INTERVIEWING

427.

0.07% 87.38%

JALOVIINA

428.

0.07% 87.45%

JAZZ

429.

0.07% 87.52%

JEEP

430.

0.07% 87.59%

JOURNALISM

431.

0.07% 87.66%

JOYOUSLY

432.

0.07% 87.73%

JUNIOR

433.

0.07% 87.80%

KID

434.

0.07% 87.87%

KNIFED

435.

0.07% 87.94%

KOFFIE

436.

0.07% 88.01%

LAHTI

437.

0.07% 88.08%

LAKESIDE

438.

0.07% 88.15%

LANDLADY

439.

0.07% 88.22%

LASTEST

440.

0.07% 88.29%

LEANT

441.

0.07% 88.36%

LEAP

442.

0.07% 88.43%

LEAPT

443.

0.07% 88.50%

LEAVE

444.

0.07% 88.57%

LIFELESS

445.

0.07% 88.64%

LIFESTYLE

59

446.

0.07% 88.71%

LONDON

447.

0.07% 88.78%

LOTTERY

448.

0.07% 88.85%

LUGGAGE

449.

0.07% 88.92%

LUNCHTIME

450.

0.07% 88.99%

MAGAZINE

451.

0.07% 89.06%

MAGNIFICENT

452.

0.07% 89.13%

MARINE

453.

0.07% 89.20%

MARVELED

454.

0.07% 89.27%

MARVELOUS

455.

0.07% 89.34%

MASSIVE

456.

0.07% 89.41%

MENUS

457.

0.07% 89.48%

MESSIER

458.

0.07% 89.55%

MICROPHONE

459.

0.07% 89.62%

MICROPHONES

460.

0.07% 89.69%

MIDSUMMER

461.

0.07% 89.76%

MINI

462.

0.07% 89.83%

MISREAD

463.

0.07% 89.90%

MISUNDERSTOOD

464.

0.07% 89.97%

MOODS

465.

0.07% 90.04%

MOTHERLY

466.

0.07% 90.11%

MOTHS

467.

0.07% 90.18%

MOUNTAINEER

468.

0.07% 90.25%

MOUNTAINEERING

469.

0.07% 90.32%

MOUNTAINEERS

470.

0.07% 90.39%

MOUSTACHE

471.

0.07% 90.46%

MULTIMILLIONAIRE

472.

0.07% 90.53%

MUSHROOMS

473.

0.07% 90.60%

MUSTACHED

474.

0.07% 90.67%

NASTY

475.

0.07% 90.74%

NAVY

60

476.

0.07% 90.81%

NEEDED

477.

0.07% 90.88%

NEIGHBOURING

478.

0.07% 90.95%

NERVES

479.

0.07% 91.02%

NEWSPAPERMEN

480.

0.07% 91.09%

NIGHTCLUB

481.

0.07% 91.16%

NOBEL

482.

0.07% 91.23%

NOD

483.

0.07% 91.30%

NODDED

484.

0.07% 91.37%

NODDING

485.

0.07% 91.44%

OLDS

486.

0.07% 91.51%

ORGANISER

487.

0.07% 91.58%

OT

488.

0.07% 91.65%

OUTDOOR

489.

0.07% 91.72%

OVERSENSITIVE

490.

0.07% 91.79%

PANTS

491.

0.07% 91.86%

PASSPORT

492.

0.07% 91.93%

PAVEMENT

493.

0.07% 92.00%

PENALTY

494.

0.07% 92.07%

PERSONNEL

495.

0.07% 92.14%

PETROL

496.

0.07% 92.21%

PHYSIC

497.

0.07% 92.28%

PHYSICIST

498.

0.07% 92.35%

PICNICS

499.

0.07% 92.42%

PIZZAS

500.

0.07% 92.49%

PLASTIC

501.

0.07% 92.56%

POCKED

502.

0.07% 92.63%

POINTLESS

503.

0.07% 92.70%

POLE

504.

0.07% 92.77%

POLICEWOMAN

505.

0.07% 92.84%

POP

61

506.

0.07% 92.91%

POSTMORTERM

507.

0.07% 92.98%

POTATOES

508.

0.07% 93.05%

PROPERTIED

509.

0.07% 93.12%

PROTEST

510.

0.07% 93.19%

PUBS

511.

0.07% 93.26%

PUDDING

512.

0.07% 93.33%

PUDDINGS

513.

0.07% 93.40%

PUNCHED

514.

0.07% 93.47%

QUANTITATIVE

515.

0.07% 93.54%

REARRANGED

516.

0.07% 93.61%

RECOMBINATION

517.

0.07% 93.68%

RECORDER

518.

0.07% 93.75%

RECORDERS

519.

0.07% 93.82%

REFEREE

520.

0.07% 93.89%

REFERENCE

521.

0.07% 93.96%

REMARRIED

522.

0.07% 94.03%

REREAD

523.

0.07% 94.10%

REREADING

524.

0.07% 94.17%

RESTATEMENT

525.

0.07% 94.24%

RIDICULOUS

526.

0.07% 94.31%

ROADBLOCK

527.

0.07% 94.38%

ROMANCE

528.

0.07% 94.45%

ROPED

529.

0.07% 94.52%

ROUTINE

530.

0.07% 94.59%

ROUTINELY

531.

0.07% 94.66%

SACKED

532.

0.07% 94.73%

SAXOPHONE

533.

0.07% 94.80%

SCANDAL

534.

0.07% 94.87%

SCOUT

535.

0.07% 94.94%

SEEMINGLY

62

536.

0.07% 95.01%

SENIOR

537.

0.07% 95.08%

SENSATION

538.

0.07% 95.15%

SENSATIONAL

539.

0.07% 95.22%

SENSED

540.

0.07% 95.29%

SENTRE

541.

0.07% 95.36%

SEXY

542.

0.07% 95.43%

SHORTS

543.

0.07% 95.50%

SHRINK

544.

0.07% 95.57%

SIGH

545.

0.07% 95.64%

SIGHTSEEING

546.

0.07% 95.71%

SIGNALED

547.

0.07% 95.78%

SILLY

548.

0.07% 95.85%

SKIED

549.

0.07% 95.92%

SLIM

550.

0.07% 95.99%

SMART

551.

0.07% 96.06%

SMOKY

552.

0.07% 96.13%

SOUVENIR

553.

0.07% 96.20%

SPORTSWOMEN

554.

0.07% 96.27%

STAB

555.

0.07% 96.34%

STABBED

556.

0.07% 96.41%

STABBING

557.

0.07% 96.48%

STARED

558.

0.07% 96.55%

STEEPED

559.

0.07% 96.62%

STEEPLY

560.

0.07% 96.69%

STORIED

561.

0.07% 96.76%

STRINGY

562.

0.07% 96.83%

SUCCESFULLY

563.

0.07% 96.90%

SUITCASE

564.

0.07% 96.97%

SUNGLASSES

565.

0.07% 97.04%

SUPERIORITY

63

566.

0.07% 97.11%

SWEETEST

567.

0.07% 97.18%

SWITCH

568.

0.07% 97.25%

TALENT

569.

0.07% 97.32%

TALES

570.

0.07% 97.39%

TASTELESS

571.

0.07% 97.46%

TECH

572.

0.07% 97.53%

THINKERS

573.

0.07% 97.60%

TIMETABLE

574.

0.07% 97.67%

TINE

575.

0.07% 97.74%

TITS

576.

0.07% 97.81%

TONE

577.

0.07% 97.88%

TONIC

578.

0.07% 97.95%

TRAFFIC

579.

0.07% 98.02%

TRAGIC

580.

0.07% 98.09%

TRAGICALLY

581.

0.07% 98.16%

TRAM

582.

0.07% 98.23%

TREETOPS

583.

0.07% 98.30%

TRICKIER

584.

0.07% 98.37%

TRICKY

585.

0.07% 98.44%

TROUBLEMAKERS

586.

0.07% 98.51%

TROUSERS

587.

0.07% 98.58%

TRUTHFULLY

588.

0.07% 98.65%

UNATTENDED

589.

0.07% 98.72%

UNBELIEVABLY

590.

0.07% 98.79%

UNCHECKED

591.

0.07% 98.86%

UNCOMPLICATED

592.

0.07% 98.93%

UNDERSTAFFED

593.

0.07% 99.00%

UNDERSTANDABLE

594.

0.07% 99.07%

UNDO

595.

0.07% 99.14%

UNEMOTIONAL

64

596.

0.07% 99.21%

UNFAIRNESS

597.

0.07% 99.28%

UNHAPPINESS

598.

0.07% 99.35%

UNHEATED

599.

0.07% 99.42%

UNIMAGINATIVE

600.

0.07% 99.49%

UNINTERESTED

601.

0.07% 99.56%

UNINTERESTING

602.

0.07% 99.63%

UNKIND

603.

0.07% 99.70%

UNMARRIED

604.

0.07% 99.77%

UNNATURAL

605.

0.07% 99.84%

UNSMILING

606.

0.07% 99.91%

UNSUITED

607.

0.07% 99.98%

UNTHINKINGLY

608.

0.07% 100.00%

UNVISITED

609.

0.07% 100.00%

UNWILLINGNESS

610.

0.07% 100.00%

UPLAND

611.

0.07% 100.00%

VAST

612.

0.07% 100.00%

VERKEERD

613.

0.07% 100.00%

VIRAL

614.

0.07% 100.00%

VOCABULARY

615.

0.07% 100.00%

WALKMAN

616.

0.07% 100.00%

WALLPAPER

617.

0.07% 100.00%

WATERANE

618.

0.07% 100.00%

WHALES

619.

0.07% 100.00%

WINCE

620.

0.07% 100.00%

WOK

621.

0.07% 100.00%

WOOF

622.

0.07% 100.00%

WORRIEDLY

65

APPENDIX E
THE TEXT COMPARISON OF GRADED READERS, LEVEL 2 AND 6

TOKEN Recycling Index : (10866 repeated tokens : 16081 tokens in new text) =
67.75%
FAMILIES Recycling Index : (325 repeated tokens : 1459 families in new text) =
22.28%
(Token recycling will normally be the most interesting measure of e.g. text
comprehensibility, as it is with VPs.)

Unique to
first
750 tokens
123
families

001. you
93
002. king
47
003. can
41
004. dog
32
005.
prince 32
006.
queen 26
007. gold
25
008. cry
23
009.
princess
22
010.
magic 17
011. city
16
012. tree

Shared
10866
tokens
325
families

001.
1011
002.
690
003.
586
004.
485
005.
433
006.
429
007.
408
008.
394
009.
304
010.
287
011.
266
012.
182

the
be
to
i
of
this
he
a
have
in
and
not

Unique to second
5215 tokens
1134 families

Freq first
(then alpha)
001. base 77
002. model 61
003. however 60
004. structure
54
005. helix 51
006. which 49
007. might 47
008. possible 44
009. chain 39
010. laboratory
36
011. even 32
012. same 32
013. much 30
014. almost 29
015. molecule 29
016. pair 29
017. several 29
018. bond 28
019. fact 28
020. week 28
021. since 27
022. soon 27

66

Same list
Alpha first
001. abandon 2
002. able 11
003. abroad 1
004. absence 2
005. absent 1
006. absolute 3
007. academy 1
008. accent 1
009. accept 15
010. accident 1
011. accommodate
3
012. accompany 1
013. according 1
014. accurate 3
015. accuse 1
016. achieve 5
017. acid 7
018. acquire 1
019. act 5
020. active 1
021. actual 2
022. add 7
023. address 1

15
013. coat
14
014.
donkey 12
015.
catch 11
016. bird
10
017. kill
10
018.
angry 9
019. blue
9
020. die
9
021. fat
9
022.
giant 9
023. ill
9
024. jar
9
025.
jewel 9
026. sea
9
027. cook
8
028. wood
8
029. arm
7
030. bag
6
031.
ground 6
032.
hunger 6
033.
jealous 6
034. sad
6
035. dead
5
036. don
5
037. fine
5
038.
orange 5
039. red

013.
171
014.
would
015.
145
016.
134
017.
127
018.
116
019.
110
020.
91
021.
about
022.
84
023.
83
024.
82
025.
80
026.
76
027.
could
028.
73
029.
72
030.
64
031.
60
032.
59
033.
59
034.
55
035.
there
036.
50
037.
49
038.
49
039.
48

we
158
for
with
on
it
at
do
84
she
from
no
as
work
75
by
when
they
go
but
come
more
51
back
if
out
make

023.
024.
025.
026.
027.
028.
24
029.
030.
031.
032.
033.
034.
035.
036.
037.
038.
039.
040.
041.
042.
043.
044.
045.
046.
047.
048.
049.
050.
051.
052.
053.
18
054.
055.
056.
17
057.
058.
059.
060.
061.
062.
063.
16
064.
065.
066.
067.
068.
069.
070.
071.
072.

hydrogen 26
just 25
reason 25
still 25
become 24
experiment
form 24
paper 24
while 24
who 24
atom 23
science 23
between 22
problem 22
theory 22
though 22
shape 21
together 21
also 20
arrange 20
copy 20
few 20
number 20
type 20
arrive 19
regular 19
argue 18
exist 18
gene 18
less 18
nucleotide
whether 18
group 17
immediate
obvious 17
part 17
return 17
until 17
complete 16
data 16
difference
expect 16
genetic 16
must 16
picture 16
protein 16
solve 16
accept 15
enough 15
letter 15

67

024.
025.
026.
027.
028.
029.
030.
031.
1
032.
033.
034.
1
035.
036.
037.
038.
039.
040.
041.
042.
043.
044.
045.
046.
047.
7
048.
049.
050.
051.
052.
053.
054.
055.
056.
057.
058.
059.
2
060.
1
061.
062.
063.
064.
5
065.
066.
1
067.
068.
069.
070.

adjust 1
admire 2
admit 4
advance 3
advantage 2
advice 2
affect 2
afternoon
against 6
age 1
aggressive
agree 10
ahead 3
air 1
alarm 2
alike 1
allow 5
almost 29
alone 3
alpha 11
already 13
also 20
alter 1
alternative
although 6
amaze 2
among 3
amount 9
amuse 5
analyse 5
ancient 1
anger 3
angle 4
announce 2
annoy 5
annoyingly
antihelical
anxious 4
apparent 2
appeal 4
appreciate
approach 2
appropriate
approve 1
april 1
area 6
argue 18

5
040.
short 5
041.
smoke 5
042.
chicken 4
043.
couldn 4
044.
horse 4
045. sky
4
046.
bread 3
047. egg
3
048.
fairy 3
049. hat
3
050. i 3
051. leg
3
052. man
3
053.
mother 3
054. sell
3
055.
today 3
056. won
3
057. can
2
058. dear
2
059.
didn 2
060.
dirty 2
061.
donkey 2
062.
fruit 2
063.
green 2
064. hurt
2
065. let
2
066.
queen 2

040. so
48
041. any
46
042. know
44
043. see
44
044. then
44
045. only
43
046. time
43
047. two
43
048.
before 42
049.
other 42
050. year
42
051. look
41
052. one
41
053. tell
41
054. all
39
055. some
39
056. way
38
057.
after 37
058. find
36
059.
first 36
060.
think 36
061. or
34
062. talk
34
063. day
33
064. each
32
065. like
31
066. get
30

073.
074.
075.
076.
077.
078.
14
079.
080.
081.
082.
083.
13
084.
085.
086.
13
087.
088.
089.
090.
091.
092.
093.
094.
095.
096.
097.
098.
099.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
11
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119.
120.
121.
122.

news 15
position 15
seem 15
send 15
show 15
bacterium
both 14
hold 14
spend 14
already 13
chemistry
equal 13
moment 13
phosphate
realise 13
result 13
believe 12
certain 12
correct 12
during 12
evidence 12
increase 12
instead 12
join 12
matter 12
need 12
play 12
simple 12
worry 12
able 11
alpha 11
coil 11
continue 11
difficult
discover 11
fear 11
hope 11
office 11
satisfy 11
serious 11
should 11
study 11
agree 10
chemical 10
clear 10
double 10
especial 10
exact 10
further 10
mind 10

68

071. arrange 20
072. arrive 19
073. art 2
074. article 8
075. assault 1
076. assess 1
077. asset 1
078. assist 4
079. assume 6
080. assure 6
081. aster 1
082. atmosphere
1
083. atom 23
084. atomics 1
085. attempt 4
086. attend 3
087. attitude 2
088. attract 7
089. audience 1
090. august 1
091. aunt 1
092. authority 1
093. automatic 2
094. autumn 3
095. available 5
096. average 1
097. avoid 6
098. awake 1
099. aware 3
100. awkward 3
101. backbones 1
102.
bacteriology 1
103. bacterium
14
104. bank 1
105. bare 1
106. bargain 1
107. base 77
108. bath 1
109. bathroom 1
110. bear 1
111. beat 2
112. become 24
113. beer 2
114. behave 2
115. belief 4
116. believe 12
117. belong 2
118. bend 3
119. benefit 1
120. beside 1
121. between 22

067.
shout 2
068.
square 2
069. tall
2
070. teh
2
071.
tonight 2
072. wake
2
073. wide
2
074.
woman 2
075.
yellow 2
076.
anted 1
077.
below 1
078.
black 1
079. boy
1
080.
bricklebat
1
081.
brither 1
082.
brotehr 1
083.
brotehrs 1
084.
brother 1
085. cake
1
086. citu
1
087. cup
1
088. day
1
089.
doesn 1
090. dog
1
091. fun
1
092.
grand 1
093.

067. how
30
068. into
30
069. than
30
070. most
29
071. up
29
072. give
28
073. new
27
074. over
27
075. idea
26
076. ask
24
077.
build 24
078. say
24
079.
interest
23
080.
begin 22
081.
large 22
082.
learn 22
083. what
22
084.
answer 21
085. late
21
086. move
21
087.
start 21
088.
because 20
089.
important
20
090.
month 20
091.
quick 20
092. take
20

123. original 10
124. pattern 10
125. present 10
126. relation 10
127. sense 10
128. set 10
129. sure 10
130. true 10
131. turn 10
132. virus 10
133. war 10
134. amount 9
135. biology 9
136. brief 9
137. chapter 9
138. colleague 9
139. college 9
140.
crystallographic
9
141. decide 9
142. evening 9
143. force 9
144. frequent 9
145. keep 9
146. lead 9
147. meaning 9
148. often 9
149. order 9
150. party 9
151. past 9
152. photograph
9
153. produce 9
154. publish 9
155. recent 9
156. remain 9
157. require 9
158. reveal 9
159. scheme 9
160. sugar 9
161. suggest 9
162. train 9
163. twist 9
164. wrong 9
165. yet 9
166. article 8
167. degree 8
168. diffraction
8
169. easy 8
170. final 8
171. fit 8
172. fortune 8

69

122. beyond 3
123. bill 1
124. bind 1
125. biochemical
2
126. biochemist
3
127.
biochemistry 5
128. biological
6
129. biology 9
130. biophysics
1
131. bit 1
132. bitter 1
133. blame 1
134. blank 2
135. block 4
136. blonde 1
137. board 1
138. boat 1
139. body 1
140. boil 1
141. bomb 1
142. bond 28
143. book 1
144. boring 3
145. borrow 2
146. boss 3
147. both 14
148. bother 3
149. bottle 3
150. boundary 1
151. bow 1
152. brain 2
153. break 3
154. breakfast 3
155.
breakthrough 1
156. breathe 1
157. brief 9
158. bright 1
159. brilliant 1
160. broad 1
161. brown 2
162. burst 1
163. bus 4
164. busy 2
165. cal 1
166. calculate 5
167. calm 4
168. capture 2
169. car 1

healous 1
094.
homea 1
095.
kind 1
096.
monkey 1
097. moth
1
098. nd 1
099. nice
1
100. niw
1
101. ober
1
102.
olates 1
103.
plaace 1
104.
princess
1
105. pull
1
106.
servant 1
107.
shine 1
108. sing
1
109.
stoen 1
110. tale
1
111.
that 1
112. tine
1
113. tire
1
114.
tomorrow 1
115.
treetops 1
116. ugly
1
117.
undersatdn
1
118. wash
1
119. wear
1

093. too
20
094. very
20
095.
where 20
096.
converse
19
097. long
19
098. next
19
099. now
19
100.
right 19
101.
write 19
102. meet
18
103. want
18
104.
never 17
105.
three 17
106.
every 16
107. off
16
108.
understand
16
109.
follow 15
110.
morning 15
111. put
15
112. room
15
113. use
15
114. away
14
115. help
14
116.
another 13
117.
around 13
118. down
13

173.
174.
175.
176.
177.
178.
179.
180.
181.
8
182.
183.
184.
185.
186.
187.
188.
189.
190.
7
191.
192.
193.
7
194.
195.
196.
197.
198.
199.
200.
201.
202.
203.
204.
205.
206.
207.
208.
209.
210.
211.
212.
213.
214.
215.
216.
217.
6
218.
6
219.
220.
221.

forward 8
involve 8
likely 8
luck 8
moreover 8
neither 8
occasion 8
occur 8
particular
previous 8
quite 8
similar 8
student 8
succeed 8
such 8
acid 7
add 7
alternative
attract 7
chance 7
crystalline
decision 7
describe 7
direct 7
ion 7
main 7
negative 7
nor 7
notice 7
permit 7
question 7
rule 7
secret 7
situate 7
slight 7
slow 7
wish 7
within 7
against 6
although 6
area 6
assume 6
assure 6
avoid 6
biological
centimetre
chemist 6
close 6
collect 6

70

170.
171.
172.
173.
174.
175.
176.
177.
178.
179.
6
180.
181.
182.
183.
184.
185.
186.
187.
188.
189.
190.
191.
192.
193.
194.
195.
13
196.
197.
198.
199.
200.
201.
3
202.
203.
204.
205.
206.
207.
208.
209.
210.
211.
212.
213.
214.
215.
216.
217.
218.
219.
220.

carbon 2
cardboard 2
career 1
carriage 1
case 4
cash 1
cause 3
caution 1
cell 5
centimetre
century 1
certain 12
chain 39
chair 1
challenge 2
chance 7
chapter 9
charge 2
charm 2
chase 2
chat 1
check 5
cheerful 2
chemical 10
chemist 6
chemistry
chemist 1
cheque 2
choice 2
choose 5
christmas 1
chromosome
civilise 3
claim 3
class 5
cleanup 1
clear 10
clever 4
climate 1
clock 1
close 6
club 1
clue 3
coffee 2
coil 11
collapse 2
colleague 9
collect 6
college 9
colour 1
column 1

120.
well 1
121.
window 1
122.
wondeful 1
123.
youre 1

119.
excite 13
120. good
13
121.
place 13
122.
small 13
123.
visit 13
124.
again 12
125.
always 12
126.
bring 12
127. end
12
128. feel
12
129.
great 12
130. hour
12
131.
without 12
132.
house 11
133. last
11
134. life
11
135. live
11
136.
speak 11
137.
through 11
138.
afternoon
10
139.
centre 10
140. face
10
141.
friend 10
142.
happy 10
143. open
10
144.
people 10
145.

222. complex 6
223. consider 6
224. contain 6
225. desire 6
226. despite 6
227. detail 6
228. dull 6
229. explain 6
230. four 6
231. game 6
232. girl 6
233. hesitate 6
234. let 6
235. mention 6
236. method 6
237. millionths
6
238. mistake 6
239. nature 6
240. organic 6
241. point 6
242. repeat 6
243. safe 6
244. solution 6
245. support 6
246. therefore 6
247. trouble 6
248. achieve 5
249. act 5
250. allow 5
251. amuse 5
252. analyse 5
253. annoy 5
254. appreciate
5
255. available 5
256.
biochemistry 5
257. calculate 5
258. cell 5
259. check 5
260. choose 5
261. class 5
262. complicate
5
263. conclusion
5
264. connect 5
265. contact 5
266. crystal 5
267.
crystallography 5
268. determine 5
269. develop 5

71

221. combine 2
222. comfort 4
223. command 1
224. comment 1
225. commerce 1
226. common 2
227. companion 1
228. compare 1
229. compensate
1
230. complete 16
231. complex 6
232. complicate
5
233. concentrate
3
234. concept 1
235. concern 1
236. conclusion
5
237. condition 2
238. confer 3
239. confidence
4
240. confirm 4
241. confuse 1
242.
congratulate 1
243. connect 5
244. consequence
4
245. consider 6
246. consist 1
247. constant 2
248. construct 2
249. contact 5
250. contain 6
251. continent 1
252. continue 11
253. contrast 1
254. contribute
1
255. control 2
256. convince 1
257. cooperate 1
258. cope 1
259. copy 20
260. corner 1
261. correct 12
262. corridor 1
263. courage 1
264. course 4
265. court 1
266. cover 1

sister 10
146. six
10
147. stop
10
148. ten
10
149.
appear 9
150. best
9
151.
hundred 9
152.
money 9
153. plan
9
154.
please 9
155.
pretty 9
156. read
9
157. try
9
158. walk
9
159.
water 9
160.
change 8
161.
dinner 8
162.
early 8
163. hand
8
164.
lunch 8
165.
night 8
166.
usual 8
167.
wonder 8
168. cold
7
169. five
7
170. hear
7
171. left
7
172.

270.
271.
272.
273.
274.
275.
276.
277.
278.
279.
280.
281.
282.
283.
284.
285.
5
286.
287.
288.
289.
290.
291.
292.
5
293.
5
294.
295.
296.
297.
298.
299.
300.
301.
302.
303.
304.
305.
306.
307.
308.
309.
310.
311.
312.
313.
314.
315.
316.
317.
318.
319.
320.

discuss 5
distance 5
disturb 5
draw 5
effort 5
else 5
enjoy 5
except 5
extreme 5
failure 5
fast 5
finish 5
imagine 5
inform 5
journal 5
mathematics
measure 5
nucleic 5
opposite 5
pay 5
positive 5
purine 5
pyrimidine
pyrimidines
reach 5
real 5
reflect 5
remove 5
saturday 5
sex 5
stomach 5
surface 5
trick 5
trip 5
unit 5
upset 5
various 5
worse 5
admit 4
angle 4
anxious 4
appeal 4
assist 4
attempt 4
belief 4
block 4
bus 4
calm 4
case 4
clever 4
comfort 4

72

267. crazy 1
268. create 4
269. creep 1
270. crime 1
271. criticise 2
272. criticism 1
273. cross 1
274. crowd 1
275. crystal 5
276. crystalline
7
277.
crystallographers
2
278.
crystallographic
9
279.
crystallography 5
280. curtain 1
281. cycle 2
282. damp 1
283. dare 1
284. data 16
285. date 2
286. daydream 3
287. deal 2
288. deceive 2
289. december 1
290. decide 9
291. decision 7
292. decorate 1
293. deep 2
294. definite 2
295. degree 8
296. delicate 1
297. delight 4
298. deliver 1
299. demand 2
300. deoxyribose
1
301. depart 1
302. departure 2
303. depend 2
304. depress 1
305. descend 1
306. describe 7
307. deserve 1
308. desire 6
309. desk 3
310. despite 6
311. destroy 2
312. detail 6
313. determine 5

listen 7
173.
second 7
174. stay
7
175.
sudden 7
176.
along 6
177. bad
6
178. door
6
179. eat
6
180. head
6
181. home
6
182. lose
6
183.
marry 6
184.
middle 6
185.
minute 6
186. sit
6
187.
under 6
188. why
6
189. word
6
190. bed
5
191. care
5
192.
eight 5
193.
father 5
194. food
5
195.
happen 5
196. high
5
197. hit
5
198.
leave 5
199.

321.
4
322.
323.
4
324.
325.
326.
327.
328.
329.
330.
331.
332.
333.
334.
335.
336.
337.
338.
339.
340.
341.
342.
343.
344.
345.
346.
347.
348.
349.
350.
351.
352.
353.
4
354.
355.
356.
357.
4
358.
359.
360.
361.
362.
363.
364.
365.
366.
367.
368.
369.
370.

confidence
confirm 4
consequence
course 4
create 4
delight 4
divide 4
effect 4
enter 4
escape 4
event 4
fair 4
female 4
figure 4
free 4
full 4
gossip 4
grow 4
heart 4
heat 4
hint 4
honest 4
ignorant 4
initial 4
lack 4
link 4
manage 4
meal 4
mess 4
necessary 4
observe 4
offer 4
opportunity
own 4
perfect 4
period 4
phosphorous
polite 4
politic 4
prefer 4
presence 4
prevent 4
propose 4
pub 4
pure 4
receive 4
report 4
rest 4
risk 4
search 4

73

314.
315.
316.
16
317.
11
318.
8
319.
320.
321.
322.
323.
324.
325.
326.
327.
328.
329.
330.
331.
332.
333.
334.
335.
336.
337.
338.
339.
340.
341.
342.
343.
344.
345.
346.
347.
348.
349.
350.
351.
352.
353.
354.
355.
356.
357.
358.
359.
360.
361.
362.
363.
364.

develop 5
diagram 1
difference
difficult
diffraction
dine 2
dinning 2
direct 7
direction 3
dirtying 1
disaster 2
discover 11
discuss 5
disgust 1
dismiss 1
display 3
disprove 1
distance 5
disturb 5
divide 4
doctor 2
dollar 3
dominate 1
dorm 1
double 10
doubt 3
drama 1
draw 5
dress 3
drink 3
drive 2
drop 1
due 3
dull 6
during 12
eager 2
easy 8
eccentric 1
edge 3
edit 3
educate 1
effect 4
effort 5
either 2
electric 1
elegant 1
else 5
embarrass 2
emotion 3
emphasis 3
employ 1

little 5
200. many
5
201.
quiet 5
202.
strong 5
203.
thing 5
204. top
5
205.
world 5
206.
young 5
207. call
4
208.
carry 4
209.
disappear
4
210. fall
4
211.
forget 4
212. hair
4
213.
invite 4
214.
person 4
215.
remember 4
216.
stand 4
217.
stick 4
218.
twelve 4
219. wait
4
220. well
4
221. win
4
222.
clock 4
223.
afraid 3
224.
beauty 3
225.
country 3

371.
372.
373.
374.
375.
376.
377.
378.
379.
380.
381.
382.
383.
384.
385.
386.
387.
3
388.
389.
390.
391.
392.
393.
394.
395.
396.
397.
398.
399.
400.
3
401.
402.
403.
404.
405.
406.
407.
408.
3
409.
410.
411.
412.
3
413.
414.
415.
416.
417.
418.
419.
420.

share 4
sir 4
speed 4
spread 4
stage 4
step 4
sub 4
suit 4
summer 4
supper 4
surprise 4
teach 4
touch 4
toward 4
twenty 4
absolute 3
accommodate
accurate 3
advance 3
ahead 3
alone 3
among 3
anger 3
attend 3
autumn 3
aware 3
awkward 3
bend 3
beyond 3
biochemist
boring 3
boss 3
bother 3
bottle 3
break 3
breakfast 3
cause 3
chromosome
civilise 3
claim 3
clue 3
concentrate
confer 3
daydream 3
desk 3
direction 3
display 3
dollar 3
doubt 3
dress 3

74

365. empty 2
366. enclose 1
367. encourage 3
368. energy 3
369. engine 1
370. english 1
371. enjoy 5
372. enormous 2
373. enough 15
374. enter 4
375. enthusiasm
1
376. enthusiast
1
377.
enthusiastic 3
378. envelope 1
379. environment
1
380. envy 1
381. equal 13
382. equip 2
383. error 3
384. escape 4
385. especial 10
386. essential 3
387. even 32
388. evening 9
389. event 4
390. ever 2
391. evidence 12
392. exact 10
393. examine 3
394. example 2
395. excellent 1
396. except 5
397. exchange 1
398. exclude 1
399. excuse 3
400. exist 18
401. expect 16
402. experiment
24
403. expert 1
404. explain 6
405. explosion 3
406. extend 2
407. extension 1
408. external 1
409. extreme 5
410. fact 28
411. fail 3
412. failure 5
413. faint 1

226.
family 3
227.
floor 3
228.
garden 3
229. jump
3
230.
laugh 3
231.
mother 3
232. near
3
233. old
3
234.
perhaps 3
235.
ready 3
236.
thirty 3
237. town
3
238. warm
3
239.
white 3
240. wife
3
241. will
3
242.
woman 3
243.
above 2
244.
across 2
245.
animal 2
246.
asleep 2
247.
behind 2
248. big
2
249.
child 2
250.
closes 2
251.
clothe 2
252. dark
2

421. drink 3
422. due 3
423. edge 3
424. edit 3
425. emotion 3
426. emphasis 3
427. encourage 3
428. energy 3
429.
enthusiastic 3
430. error 3
431. essential 3
432. examine 3
433. excuse 3
434. explosion 3
435. fail 3
436. feature 3
437. firm 3
438. fix 3
439. furthermore
3
440. future 3
441. general 3
442. govern 3
443. habit 3
444. half 3
445. hate 3
446. health 3
447. holiday 3
448. hotel 3
449. huge 3
450. ill 3
451. imply 3
452. indicate 3
453. inevitable
3
454. key 3
455. law 3
456. length 3
457. limit 3
458. logic 3
459. low 3
460. male 3
461. material 3
462. mean 3
463. mid 3
464. mood 3
465. normal 3
466. november 3
467. objected 3
468. obtain 3
469. opinion 3
470. pass 3
471. passage 3

75

414.
415.
416.
417.
418.
419.
420.
421.
422.
423.
424.
425.
426.
427.
428.
429.
430.
431.
432.
433.
434.
435.
436.
437.
438.
439.
440.
441.
442.
443.
444.
1
445.
446.
447.
448.
449.
450.
451.
452.
453.
454.
455.
456.
457.
458.
459.
460.
461.
3
462.
463.
464.
465.

fair 4
false 1
fame 1
far 1
fashion 2
fast 5
fatal 2
fault 2
fear 11
feature 3
february 1
female 4
few 20
field 1
fierce 1
figure 4
fill 1
final 8
finish 5
firm 3
fit 8
fix 3
flame 1
flat 1
flay 1
flood 1
fold 2
fool 2
force 9
foreign 1
foreigner
forever 1
form 24
formal 1
former 1
fortune 8
forward 8
four 6
fraction 2
free 4
frequent 9
friday 1
fright 1
frown 1
full 4
fund 2
further 10
furthermore
future 3
game 6
gap 1
gate 1

253.
daughter 2
254.
expense 2
255.
famous 2
256.
front 2
257.
glass 2
258. hard
2
259.
heavy 2
260. here
2
261. ice
2
262. kind
2
263.
light 2
264. man
2
265. meat
2
266. name
2
267. nine
2
268. poor
2
269.
really 2
270.
river 2
271.
round 2
272.
serve 2
273. shut
2
274.
sleep 2
275. son
2
276.
stone 2
277.
table 2
278.
thank 2
279.
watch 2

472.
473.
474.
475.
476.
477.
478.
479.
480.
481.
482.
483.
484.
485.
486.
487.
488.
489.
490.
491.
492.
3
493.
494.
495.
496.
497.
498.
499.
500.
501.
502.
503.
504.
505.
506.
507.
508.
509.
510.
511.
512.
513.
514.
515.
516.
517.
3
518.
519.
520.
521.
522.
523.

peace 3
persuade 3
physics 3
pour 3
power 3
predict 3
product 3
progress 3
prove 3
public 3
race 3
refuse 3
regard 3
region 3
relief 3
represent 3
respect 3
ring 3
series 3
side 3
significant
single 3
size 3
solid 3
spirit 3
state 3
station 3
strength 3
subject 3
sunday 3
surround 3
suspicion 3
sympathy 3
taste 3
tea 3
temporary 3
tennis 3
thousand 3
tight 3
tiny 3
total 3
travel 3
tube 3
typical 3
unique 3
university
value 3
version 3
view 3
voice 3
waste 3
welcome 3

76

466.
467.
468.
469.
470.
471.
472.
473.
474.
475.
476.
477.
478.
479.
480.
481.
482.
483.
484.
485.
486.
487.
488.
489.
490.
491.
492.
493.
494.
495.
496.
497.
498.
499.
500.
501.
502.
503.
504.
505.
506.
507.
508.
509.
510.
511.
512.
513.
514.
515.
516.
517.
518.
519.

gene 18
general 3
generous 1
genetic 16
genuine 2
gift 1
girl 6
glance 2
god 1
gossip 4
govern 3
grab 1
grace 1
graduate 1
grant 1
greet 1
groin 1
group 17
grow 4
guess 1
guilty 1
habit 3
half 3
hall 2
handsome 1
hardly 2
haste 1
hate 3
health 3
heart 4
heartbeat 1
heat 4
helic 1
helix 51
hell 1
hesitant 1
hesitate 6
hide 1
hill 2
hint 4
hold 14
holiday 3
honest 4
hope 11
hotel 3
however 60
huge 3
humour 1
hurry 2
husband 1
hydrogen 26
icon 1
identify 1
idle 1

280. yes
2
281.
bottom 1
282. box
1
283. boy
1
284.
brother 1
285. buy
1
286.
climb 1
287. cut
1
288.
danger 1
289. ear
1
290. eye
1
291.
fight 1
292. fire
1
293. fish
1
294.
flower 1
295. fly
1
296. foot
1
297. hot
1
298.
inside 1
299.
jacket 1
300.
journey 1
301.
king 1
302.
kitchen 1
303. lot
1
304. love
1
305.
mountain 1
306.
mouth 1

524. abandon 2
525. absence 2
526. actual 2
527. admire 2
528. advantage 2
529. advice 2
530. affect 2
531. alarm 2
532. amaze 2
533. announce 2
534. annoyingly
2
535. apparent 2
536. approach 2
537. art 2
538. attitude 2
539. automatic 2
540. beat 2
541. beer 2
542. behave 2
543. belong 2
544. biochemical
2
545. blank 2
546. borrow 2
547. brain 2
548. brown 2
549. busy 2
550. capture 2
551. carbon 2
552. cardboard 2
553. challenge 2
554. charge 2
555. charm 2
556. chase 2
557. cheerful 2
558. cheque 2
559. choice 2
560. coffee 2
561. collapse 2
562. combine 2
563. common 2
564. condition 2
565. constant 2
566. construct 2
567. control 2
568. criticise 2
569.
crystallographers
2
570. cycle 2
571. date 2
572. deal 2
573. deceive 2

77

520. ignorant 4
521. ill 3
522. imagine 5
523. immediate
17
524. immense 1
525. impatience
1
526. impatient 1
527. implicate 1
528. imply 3
529. importance
1
530. impress 1
531. include 2
532. increase 12
533. independent
1
534. indicate 3
535. inevitable
3
536. inexact 1
537. inform 5
538. initial 4
539. inquire 1
540. insist 2
541. insistence
1
542. inspect 2
543. instead 12
544.
intellectual 2
545. interatomic
2
546. internal 1
547. interrupt 1
548. interval 2
549. introduce 2
550. invest 1
551. investigate
1
552. involve 8
553. ion 7
554. item 2
555. january 2
556. job 1
557. join 12
558. joint 1
559. joke 1
560. journal 5
561. joy 1
562. judge 1
563. june 1
564. junior 1

307. once
1
308.
parent 1
309.
plate 1
310. push
1
311. rich
1
312. road
1
313. run
1
314. shoe
1
315.
smile 1
316. snow
1
317.
sound 1
318.
story 1
319.
strange 1
320.
street 1
321. sun
1
322.
throw 1
323.
vegetable
1
324.
village 1
325. wall
1

574. deep 2
575. definite 2
576. demand 2
577. departure 2
578. depend 2
579. destroy 2
580. dine 2
581. dinning 2
582. disaster 2
583. doctor 2
584. drive 2
585. eager 2
586. either 2
587. embarrass 2
588. empty 2
589. enormous 2
590. equip 2
591. ever 2
592. example 2
593. extend 2
594. fashion 2
595. fatal 2
596. fault 2
597. fold 2
598. fool 2
599. fraction 2
600. fund 2
601. genuine 2
602. glance 2
603. hall 2
604. hardly 2
605. hill 2
606. hurry 2
607. include 2
608. insist 2
609. inspect 2
610.
intellectual 2
611. interatomic
2
612. interval 2
613. introduce 2
614. item 2
615. january 2
616. kilometre 2
617. lay 2
618. lazy 2
619. leap 2
620. lecture 2
621. likeness 2
622. line 2
623. local 2
624. march 2
625. mark 2

78

565.
566.
567.
568.
569.
570.
571.
36
572.
573.
574.
575.
576.
577.
578.
579.
580.
581.
582.
583.
584.
585.
586.
587.
588.
589.
590.
591.
592.
593.
594.
595.
596.
597.
598.
599.
600.
601.
602.
603.
604.
605.
606.
607.
608.
609.
610.
611.
612.
613.
614.
615.
616.
617.

just 25
keen 1
keep 9
key 3
kilometre 2
knowledge 1
laboratory
lack 4
landlady 1
language 1
law 3
lay 2
lazy 2
lead 9
lean 1
leap 2
lecture 2
length 3
less 18
lesson 1
let 6
letter 15
level 1
library 1
lie 1
lift 1
likely 8
likeness 2
limit 3
line 2
link 4
liquid 1
list 1
local 2
lock 1
logic 3
loud 1
low 3
luck 8
luggage 1
machine 1
mad 1
main 7
maintain 1
male 3
manage 4
manner 1
march 2
marched 1
marine 1
mark 2
marvel 1
mass 1

626. may 2
627. memory 2
628. metal 2
629. nervous 2
630.
nevertheless 2
631. non 2
632. north 2
633. note 2
634. object 2
635. odd 2
636. official 2
637. oppose 2
638. optimist 2
639. pain 2
640. physical 2
641. pick 2
642. post 2
643. prepare 2
644. prize 2
645. proper 2
646. provide 2
647. publication
2
648. pudding 2
649. purines 2
650. puriness 2
651. puzzle 2
652. quantity 2
653. raise 2
654. relevant 2
655. rely 2
656. reputation
2
657. request 2
658. rescue 2
659. response 2
660. routine 2
661. ruin 2
662. rush 2
663. salt 2
664. seat 2
665. self 2
666. sensation 2
667. sensible 2
668. separate 2
669. sharp 2
670. shop 2
671. sign 2
672. space 2
673. special 2
674. stairs 2
675. storey 2
676. strike 2

79

618.
619.
620.
621.
5
622.
623.
624.
625.
626.
627.
628.
629.
630.
631.
632.
633.
634.
635.
636.
637.
638.
639.
640.
641.
642.
6
643.
644.
645.
646.
647.
648.
649.
650.
651.
652.
653.
654.
655.
656.
657.
658.
659.
660.
661.
662.
663.
664.
665.
666.
667.
668.
669.

massive 1
match 1
material 3
mathematics
matter 12
may 2
maybe 1
meal 4
mean 3
meaning 9
measure 5
medium 1
memory 2
mental 1
mention 6
mess 4
message 1
metal 2
method 6
metre 1
mid 3
might 47
mild 1
milk 1
millionths
mind 10
minor 1
minutes 1
miserable 1
mistake 6
mix 1
mixture 1
model 61
modern 1
modest 1
molecule 29
moment 13
months 1
mood 3
moreover 8
motive 1
mu 1
much 30
multiply 1
must 16
mustached 1
nasty 1
nation 1
nature 6
navy 1
neat 1
necessary 4

677.
678.
679.
680.
681.
682.
683.
684.
685.
686.
687.
688.
689.
690.
691.
692.
693.
694.
695.
696.
697.
698.
699.
700.
701.
702.
703.
704.
705.
706.
707.
708.
709.
710.
711.
712.
1
713.
714.
1
715.
716.
717.
718.
719.
1
720.
1
721.
722.
723.
724.
725.
726.

struggle 2
style 2
surgery 2
suspect 2
system 2
task 2
test 2
thick 2
toy 2
trace 2
tradition 2
treat 2
unless 2
upon 2
upper 2
vacant 2
variety 2
visible 2
wander 2
whole 2
wire 2
workshop 2
year 2
abroad 1
absent 1
academy 1
accent 1
accident 1
accompany 1
according 1
accuse 1
acquire 1
active 1
address 1
adjust 1
afternoon
age 1
aggressive
air 1
alike 1
alter 1
ancient 1
antihelical
appropriate
approve 1
april 1
assault 1
assess 1
asset 1
aster 1

80

670. neck 1
671. need 12
672. negative 7
673. neighbour 1
674. neither 8
675. nerve 1
676. nervous 2
677. neutral 1
678.
nevertheless 2
679. news 15
680. newspaper 1
681. nobel 1
682. nod 1
683. non 2
684. none 1
685. nor 7
686. normal 3
687. north 2
688. note 2
689. notice 7
690. november 3
691. nucleic 5
692. nucleotide
18
693. number 20
694. obey 1
695. object 2
696. objected 3
697. observe 4
698. obtain 3
699. obvious 17
700. occasion 8
701. occur 8
702. odd 2
703. offer 4
704. office 11
705. official 2
706. often 9
707. opinion 3
708. opportunity
4
709. oppose 2
710. opposite 5
711. optimist 2
712. option 1
713. order 9
714. organic 6
715. organize 1
716. original 10
717. otherwise 1
718. overnight 1
719.
oversensitive 1

727. atmosphere
1
728. atomics 1
729. audience 1
730. august 1
731. aunt 1
732. authority 1
733. average 1
734. awake 1
735. backbones 1
736.
bacteriology 1
737. bank 1
738. bare 1
739. bargain 1
740. bath 1
741. bathroom 1
742. bear 1
743. benefit 1
744. beside 1
745. bill 1
746. bind 1
747. biophysics
1
748. bit 1
749. bitter 1
750. blame 1
751. blonde 1
752. board 1
753. boat 1
754. body 1
755. boil 1
756. bomb 1
757. book 1
758. boundary 1
759. bow 1
760.
breakthrough 1
761. breathe 1
762. bright 1
763. brilliant 1
764. broad 1
765. burst 1
766. cal 1
767. car 1
768. career 1
769. carriage 1
770. cash 1
771. caution 1
772. century 1
773. chair 1
774. chat 1
775. chemist 1
776. christmas 1

81

720.
721.
722.
723.
724.
725.
726.
727.
728.
729.
8
730.
731.
732.
733.
734.
735.
736.
737.
738.
739.
740.
741.
742.
743.
744.
745.
746.
747.
748.
749.
1
750.
13
751.
4
752.
9
753.
754.
755.
756.
757.
758.
759.
760.
761.
762.
763.
764.
765.
766.
767.
768.

own 4
pack 1
pain 2
pair 29
pale 1
paper 24
paragraph 1
parents 1
part 17
particular
partner 1
party 9
pass 3
passage 3
passport 1
past 9
pattern 10
pay 5
peace 3
penalty 1
pencil 1
perfect 4
perform 1
period 4
permanent 1
permit 7
personnel 1
persuade 3
petrol 1
philosophy
phosphate
phosphorous
photograph
physic 1
physical 2
physicist 1
physics 3
pick 2
picture 16
piece 1
play 12
pleasure 1
pocket 1
point 6
polite 4
politic 4
position 15
positive 5
possess 1

777. cleanup 1
778. climate 1
779. clock 1
780. club 1
781. colour 1
782. column 1
783. command 1
784. comment 1
785. commerce 1
786. companion 1
787. compare 1
788. compensate
1
789. concept 1
790. concern 1
791. confuse 1
792.
congratulate 1
793. consist 1
794. continent 1
795. contrast 1
796. contribute
1
797. convince 1
798. cooperate 1
799. cope 1
800. corner 1
801. corridor 1
802. courage 1
803. court 1
804. cover 1
805. crazy 1
806. creep 1
807. crime 1
808. criticism 1
809. cross 1
810. crowd 1
811. curtain 1
812. damp 1
813. dare 1
814. december 1
815. decorate 1
816. delicate 1
817. deliver 1
818. deoxyribose
1
819. depart 1
820. depress 1
821. descend 1
822. deserve 1
823. diagram 1
824. dirtying 1
825. disgust 1
826. dismiss 1

82

769. possible 44
770. post 2
771. postpone 1
772. potato 1
773. pour 3
774. power 3
775. predict 3
776. prefer 4
777. prepare 2
778. presence 4
779. present 10
780. press 1
781. prevent 4
782. previous 8
783. principle 1
784. print 1
785. private 1
786. prize 2
787. problem 22
788. proceed 1
789. produce 9
790. product 3
791.
professional 1
792. profit 1
793. progress 3
794. promise 1
795. proper 2
796. propertied
1
797. propose 4
798. protein 16
799. protest 1
800. prove 3
801. provide 2
802. pub 4
803. public 3
804. publication
2
805. publish 9
806. pudding 2
807. pump 1
808. punch 1
809. purchase 1
810. pure 4
811. purine 5
812. purines 2
813. puriness 2
814. pursue 1
815. puzzle 2
816. pyrimidine
5
817. pyrimidines
5

827.
828.
829.
830.
831.
832.
833.
834.
835.
836.
837.
838.
839.
840.
1
841.
1
842.
843.
1
844.
845.
846.
847.
848.
849.
850.
851.
852.
853.
854.
855.
856.
857.
858.
859.
860.
861.
862.
863.
864.
1
865.
866.
867.
868.
869.
870.
871.
872.
873.
874.
875.
876.

disprove 1
dominate 1
dorm 1
drama 1
drop 1
eccentric 1
educate 1
electric 1
elegant 1
employ 1
enclose 1
engine 1
english 1
enthusiasm
enthusiast
envelope 1
environment
envy 1
excellent 1
exchange 1
exclude 1
expert 1
extension 1
external 1
faint 1
false 1
fame 1
far 1
february 1
field 1
fierce 1
fill 1
flame 1
flat 1
flay 1
flood 1
foreign 1
foreigner
forever 1
formal 1
former 1
friday 1
fright 1
frown 1
gap 1
gate 1
generous 1
gift 1
god 1
grab 1

83

818.
819.
820.
821.
822.
823.
824.
825.
826.
827.
828.
829.
830.
831.
832.
833.
834.
835.
836.
837.
838.
839.
840.
841.
842.
843.
844.
845.
846.
847.
848.
849.
850.
851.
852.
853.
854.
855.
856.
857.
858.
859.
860.
2
861.
862.
863.
864.
865.
866.
867.
868.
869.
870.

quality 1
quantity 2
quarrel 1
question 7
quite 8
race 3
rain 1
raise 2
rare 1
ray 1
reach 5
react 1
real 5
realise 13
rearrange 1
reason 25
receive 4
recent 9
recognize 1
record 1
refer 1
reflect 5
refuse 3
regard 3
region 3
regret 1
regular 19
reject 1
relation 10
relax 1
release 1
relevant 2
relief 3
rely 2
remain 9
remark 1
remove 5
rent 1
repeat 6
reply 1
report 4
represent 3
reputation
request 2
require 9
rescue 2
reserve 1
resist 1
respect 3
response 2
rest 4
restate 1
restaurant

877.
878.
879.
880.
881.
882.
883.
884.
885.
886.
887.
888.
889.
890.
891.
892.
893.
894.
895.
896.
897.
1
898.
899.
900.
1
901.
902.
1
903.
904.
905.
1
906.
907.
908.
909.
1
910.
911.
912.
913.
914.
915.
916.
917.
918.
919.
920.
921.
922.
923.
924.
925.

grace 1
graduate 1
grant 1
greet 1
groin 1
guess 1
guilty 1
handsome 1
haste 1
heartbeat 1
helic 1
hell 1
hesitant 1
hide 1
humour 1
husband 1
icon 1
identify 1
idle 1
immense 1
impatience
impatient 1
implicate 1
importance
impress 1
independent
inexact 1
inquire 1
insistence
internal 1
interrupt 1
invest 1
investigate
job 1
joint 1
joke 1
joy 1
judge 1
june 1
junior 1
keen 1
knowledge 1
landlady 1
language 1
lean 1
lesson 1
level 1
library 1
lie 1

84

1
871.
872.
873.
874.
875.
876.
877.
878.
879.
880.
881.
882.
883.
884.
885.
886.
887.
888.
889.
890.
891.
892.
893.
894.
895.
896.
897.
898.
899.
900.
901.
902.
903.
904.
905.
906.
907.
908.
909.
910.
911.
912.
913.
914.
915.
916.
917.
918.
919.
920.
921.
922.
923.

result 13
retire 1
return 17
reveal 9
ring 3
rise 1
risk 4
roadblock 1
role 1
rough 1
routine 2
rubber 1
rude 1
ruin 2
rule 7
rush 2
sack 1
safe 6
sail 1
salt 2
same 32
satisfy 11
saturday 5
save 1
scarce 1
scatter 1
scene 1
scheme 9
school 1
science 23
search 4
seat 2
secret 7
seek 1
seem 15
seize 1
seldom 1
self 2
send 15
senior 1
sensation 2
sense 10
sensible 2
separate 2
series 3
serious 11
service 1
set 10
several 29
sex 5
shape 21
share 4
sharp 2

926. lift 1
927. liquid 1
928. list 1
929. lock 1
930. loud 1
931. luggage 1
932. machine 1
933. mad 1
934. maintain 1
935. manner 1
936. marched 1
937. marine 1
938. marvel 1
939. mass 1
940. massive 1
941. match 1
942. maybe 1
943. medium 1
944. mental 1
945. message 1
946. metre 1
947. mild 1
948. milk 1
949. minor 1
950. minutes 1
951. miserable 1
952. mix 1
953. mixture 1
954. modern 1
955. modest 1
956. months 1
957. motive 1
958. mu 1
959. multiply 1
960. mustached 1
961. nasty 1
962. nation 1
963. navy 1
964. neat 1
965. neck 1
966. neighbour 1
967. nerve 1
968. neutral 1
969. newspaper 1
970. nobel 1
971. nod 1
972. none 1
973. obey 1
974. option 1
975. organize 1
976. otherwise 1
977. overnight 1
978.
oversensitive 1

85

924.
925.
926.
927.
928.
929.
930.
931.
932.
933.
934.
935.
936.
937.
938.
3
939.
940.
941.
942.
943.
944.
945.
946.
947.
948.
949.
950.
951.
952.
953.
954.
955.
956.
957.
958.
959.
960.
961.
962.
963.
964.
965.
966.
967.
968.
969.
970.
1
971.
972.
973.
974.
975.

sheet 1
shell 1
shift 1
shock 1
shoot 1
shop 2
shorts 1
should 11
shoulder 1
show 15
shrink 1
side 3
sign 2
signaled 1
significant
silly 1
similar 8
simple 12
since 27
single 3
sink 1
sir 4
sister 1
site 1
situate 7
size 3
ski 1
slight 7
slip 1
slow 7
social 1
society 1
solid 3
solution 6
solve 16
soon 27
sort 1
soup 1
south 1
space 2
spare 1
special 2
speed 4
spend 14
spirit 3
spite 1
sportswomen
spot 1
spread 4
spring 1
stable 1
stage 4

979. pack 1
980. pale 1
981. paragraph 1
982. parents 1
983. partner 1
984. passport 1
985. penalty 1
986. pencil 1
987. perform 1
988. permanent 1
989. personnel 1
990. petrol 1
991. philosophy
1
992. physic 1
993. physicist 1
994. piece 1
995. pleasure 1
996. pocket 1
997. possess 1
998. postpone 1
999. potato 1
1000. press 1
1001. principle
1
1002. print 1
1003. private 1
1004. proceed 1
1005.
professional 1
1006. profit 1
1007. promise 1
1008. propertied
1
1009. protest 1
1010. pump 1
1011. punch 1
1012. purchase 1
1013. pursue 1
1014. quality 1
1015. quarrel 1
1016. rain 1
1017. rare 1
1018. ray 1
1019. react 1
1020. rearrange
1
1021. recognize
1
1022. record 1
1023. refer 1
1024. regret 1
1025. reject 1
1026. relax 1

86

976.
977.
978.
979.
980.
981.
982.
983.
984.
985.
986.
987.
988.
989.
990.
991.
992.
54
993.
994.
995.
996.
997.
998.
999.
1000.
1
1001.
1002.
1003.
1004.
1005.
1006.
1007.
1008.
1009.
1010.
1011.
1012.
1013.
1014.
1015.
1016.
1017.
1018.
1019.
3
1020.
1
1021.
1022.
1023.
1024.
1025.

stairs 2
stare 1
state 3
station 3
steady 1
steal 1
step 4
stiff 1
still 25
stomach 5
storey 2
straight 1
strength 3
stretch 1
strike 2
string 1
structure
struggle 2
student 8
study 11
stuff 1
style 2
sub 4
subject 3
substance
succeed 8
such 8
sugar 9
suggest 9
suit 4
summer 4
sunday 3
superior 1
supper 4
support 6
suppose 1
sure 10
surface 5
surgery 2
surprise 4
surround 3
survey 1
suspect 2
suspicion
suspicious
symbol 1
sympathy 3
system 2
talent 1
task 2

1027. release 1
1028. remark 1
1029. rent 1
1030. reply 1
1031. reserve 1
1032. resist 1
1033. restate 1
1034. restaurant
1
1035. retire 1
1036. rise 1
1037. roadblock
1
1038. role 1
1039. rough 1
1040. rubber 1
1041. rude 1
1042. sack 1
1043. sail 1
1044. save 1
1045. scarce 1
1046. scatter 1
1047. scene 1
1048. school 1
1049. seek 1
1050. seize 1
1051. seldom 1
1052. senior 1
1053. service 1
1054. sheet 1
1055. shell 1
1056. shift 1
1057. shock 1
1058. shoot 1
1059. shorts 1
1060. shoulder 1
1061. shrink 1
1062. signaled 1
1063. silly 1
1064. sink 1
1065. sister 1
1066. site 1
1067. ski 1
1068. slip 1
1069. social 1
1070. society 1
1071. sort 1
1072. soup 1
1073. south 1
1074. spare 1
1075. spite 1
1076.
sportswomen 1
1077. spot 1

87

1026. taste 3
1027. tea 3
1028. teach 4
1029. team 1
1030. technical
1
1031. technology
1
1032.
temperature 1
1033. temporary
3
1034. tennis 3
1035. tense 1
1036. term 1
1037. test 2
1038. theatre 1
1039. theory 22
1040. therefore
6
1041. thick 2
1042. though 22
1043. thousand 3
1044. threat 1
1045. tie 1
1046. tight 3
1047. timetable
1
1048. tiny 3
1049. tit 1
1050. together
21
1051. tone 1
1052. tool 1
1053. topic 1
1054. total 3
1055. touch 4
1056. tour 1
1057. toward 4
1058. toy 2
1059. trace 2
1060. track 1
1061. tradition
2
1062. train 9
1063. trap 1
1064. travel 3
1065. treat 2
1066. trick 5
1067. trip 5
1068. trouble 6
1069. true 10
1070. trust 1
1071. tube 3

1078. spring 1
1079. stable 1
1080. stare 1
1081. steady 1
1082. steal 1
1083. stiff 1
1084. straight 1
1085. stretch 1
1086. string 1
1087. stuff 1
1088. substance
1
1089. superior 1
1090. suppose 1
1091. survey 1
1092. suspicious
1
1093. symbol 1
1094. talent 1
1095. team 1
1096. technical
1
1097. technology
1
1098.
temperature 1
1099. tense 1
1100. term 1
1101. theatre 1
1102. threat 1
1103. tie 1
1104. timetable
1
1105. tit 1
1106. tone 1
1107. tool 1
1108. topic 1
1109. tour 1
1110. track 1
1111. trap 1
1112. trust 1
1113. tuesday 1
1114.
understaffed 1
1115. vast 1
1116. victory 1
1117. violent 1
1118. viral 1
1119. vocabulary
1
1120. volume 1
1121. wallpaper
1
1122. warn 1

88

1072. tuesday 1
1073. turn 10
1074. twenty 4
1075. twist 9
1076. type 20
1077. typical 3
1078.
understaffed 1
1079. unique 3
1080. unit 5
1081. university
3
1082. unless 2
1083. until 17
1084. upon 2
1085. upper 2
1086. upset 5
1087. vacant 2
1088. value 3
1089. variety 2
1090. various 5
1091. vast 1
1092. version 3
1093. victory 1
1094. view 3
1095. violent 1
1096. viral 1
1097. virus 10
1098. visible 2
1099. vocabulary
1
1100. voice 3
1101. volume 1
1102. wallpaper
1
1103. wander 2
1104. war 10
1105. warn 1
1106. waste 3
1107. weak 1
1108. wealth 1
1109. weapon 1
1110. wednesday
1
1111. week 28
1112. welcome 3
1113. western 1
1114. wet 1
1115. whether 18
1116. which 49
1117. while 24
1118. who 24
1119. whole 2
1120. wince 1

1123.
1124.
1125.
1126.
1
1127.
1128.
1129.
1130.
1131.
1132.
1133.
1134.

89

weak 1
wealth 1
weapon 1
wednesday
western 1
wet 1
wince 1
wine 1
winter 1
wok 1
woof 1
world 1

1121.
1122.
1123.
1124.
1125.
1126.
1127.
1128.
1129.
1130.
1131.
1132.
1133.
1134.

wine 1
winter 1
wire 2
wish 7
within 7
wok 1
woof 1
workshop 2
world 1
worry 12
worse 5
wrong 9
year 2
yet 9